11

ICT INFRASTRUCTURE:ICT INFRASTRUCTURE:AN ESSENTIAL FOUNDATION FOR AN ESSENTIAL FOUNDATION FOR

IMPLEMENTING THE WSIS PROCESS IN IMPLEMENTING THE WSIS PROCESS IN NIGERIANIGERIA

ByByEngr Ernest C. A. Ndukwe Engr Ernest C. A. Ndukwe OFR, FNSE, FNIMOFR, FNSE, FNIM

Chief Executive,Chief Executive,Nigerian Communications CommissionNigerian Communications Commission

22

Contents:Contents:

nn IntroductionIntroduction

nn Overview of the WSIS & The Action PlanOverview of the WSIS & The Action Plan

nn Requirements for implementing the WSIS Process Requirements for implementing the WSIS Process

nn ICTs: Background, Infrastructure and RamificationsICTs: Background, Infrastructure and Ramifications

nn Status of ICT Infrastructure in NigeriaStatus of ICT Infrastructure in Nigeria

nn Nigeria & the Digital Access IndexNigeria & the Digital Access Index

nn The way forwardThe way forward

nn ConclusionsConclusions

33

Introduction:Introduction:

nn ICTs are the essential infrastructureICTs are the essential infrastructure of the of the emerging global information society emerging global information society

nn Internationally, adequate provision of ICTs has Internationally, adequate provision of ICTs has proven to translate into economic growth and proven to translate into economic growth and sustainable developmentsustainable development

nn In the 1980In the 1980’’s, information economy accounted s, information economy accounted for between 1/3 and for between 1/3 and ½½ of the GDP and of the GDP and employment of OECD countriesemployment of OECD countries

44

Introduction (contIntroduction (cont’’d):d):

nn But, how did all this started?But, how did all this started?nn A 1985 ITU report (The Maitland Report) A 1985 ITU report (The Maitland Report)

identified identified ““The Missing LinkThe Missing Link”” between between developed and under developed countries as developed and under developed countries as the disparities in the distribution of telephones the disparities in the distribution of telephones nn three quarters of the worldthree quarters of the world’’s telephones were s telephones were

located in just nine countries namely the major located in just nine countries namely the major industrialisedindustrialised nationsnations

55

22

Overview of Overview of WSIS & The WSIS & The Action Plan:Action Plan:

66

Overview of WSIS & The Overview of WSIS & The Action Plan:Action Plan:nn The objectives of the Plan of Action are:The objectives of the Plan of Action are:

nn to build an inclusive Information Society; to build an inclusive Information Society;

nn to put the potential of knowledge and ICTs at the to put the potential of knowledge and ICTs at the service of development; service of development;

nn to promote the use of information and knowledge for to promote the use of information and knowledge for the achievement of internationally agreed the achievement of internationally agreed development goals, including those contained in the development goals, including those contained in the Millennium Declaration; and Millennium Declaration; and

nn to address new challenges of the Information Society, to address new challenges of the Information Society, at the national, regional and international levels at the national, regional and international levels

77

Overview of WSIS & The Action Overview of WSIS & The Action PlanPlan::

nn Specific targets for the Information Society will Specific targets for the Information Society will be established as appropriate, at the national be established as appropriate, at the national level in the framework of national elevel in the framework of national e--strategies strategies and in accordance with national development and in accordance with national development policies, taking into account the different policies, taking into account the different national circumstances national circumstances

nn Such targets can serve as useful benchmarks for Such targets can serve as useful benchmarks for actions and for the evaluation of the progress actions and for the evaluation of the progress made towards the attainment of the overall made towards the attainment of the overall objectives of the Information Society objectives of the Information Society

88

Overview of WSIS & The Action Overview of WSIS & The Action Plan:Plan:

nn The roles of stakeholders:The roles of stakeholders:

nn Governments to develop and implement Governments to develop and implement comprehensive, forward looking and sustainable comprehensive, forward looking and sustainable national enational e--strategies strategies

nn The private sector and civil society, in dialogue with The private sector and civil society, in dialogue with governments, to devise national egovernments, to devise national e--strategiesstrategies

nn The private sector to develop and diffuse ICTs for The private sector to develop and diffuse ICTs for infrastructure, content and applications. infrastructure, content and applications.

nn The private sector is not only a market player but also plays The private sector is not only a market player but also plays a role in a wider sustainable development context.a role in a wider sustainable development context.

99

Overview of WSIS & The Overview of WSIS & The Action Plan:Action Plan:nn The civil society to create an equitable The civil society to create an equitable

Information Society, and to implement ICTInformation Society, and to implement ICT--related initiatives for development related initiatives for development

nn International and regional institutions, International and regional institutions, including international financial institutions, to including international financial institutions, to integrate the use of ICTs in the development integrate the use of ICTs in the development process and make available necessary process and make available necessary resources for building the Information Society resources for building the Information Society and for the evaluation of the progress madeand for the evaluation of the progress made

1010

33

Requirements forRequirements forimplementing theimplementing theWSIS ProcessWSIS Process

1111

Requirements for Requirements for implementing the WSIS implementing the WSIS ProcessProcess::

nn ICT Infrastructure, which enables universal, ICT Infrastructure, which enables universal, sustainable, ubiquitous and affordable access by sustainable, ubiquitous and affordable access by everyone, taking into account the level of existing everyone, taking into account the level of existing solutionssolutions

nn Government support for creating enabling and Government support for creating enabling and competitive environment for investments in ICT competitive environment for investments in ICT infrastructure, and the development of new servicesinfrastructure, and the development of new services

nn Appropriate universal access policies and strategies, Appropriate universal access policies and strategies, and the means of their implementationand the means of their implementation

1212

Requirements for Requirements for implementing the WSIS implementing the WSIS Process:Process:

nn Formulate national eFormulate national e--strategies to facilitate the strategies to facilitate the provision of ICT connectivity for educational provision of ICT connectivity for educational institutions, health institutions, libraries, Post Offices, institutions, health institutions, libraries, Post Offices, Community Centers, etc.Community Centers, etc.

nn Develop necessary human capacity and ICT literacy Develop necessary human capacity and ICT literacy through integration of curriculum on ICTs in education through integration of curriculum on ICTs in education and training at all levelsand training at all levels

1313

44

ICTs: Background,ICTs: Background,Infrastructure andInfrastructure andRamificationsRamifications

1414

ICTs: Background, ICTs: Background, Infrastructure and Infrastructure and Ramifications:Ramifications:

nn Clearly ICTs are is driving the new economy but Clearly ICTs are is driving the new economy but unfortunately, not everyone is benefitingunfortunately, not everyone is benefiting

nn There is a growing split or digital divide, which breaks There is a growing split or digital divide, which breaks down along national, economic, educational and down along national, economic, educational and geographic lines. Between the information haves and geographic lines. Between the information haves and havehave--notsnots

nn People, businesses and whole communities without People, businesses and whole communities without ready access to information technologies like the ready access to information technologies like the Internet are being left behind in the fast paced new Internet are being left behind in the fast paced new economy; the implication is staggeringeconomy; the implication is staggering

1515

ICTs: Background, ICTs: Background, Infrastructure and Infrastructure and Ramifications:Ramifications:

nn People who do not have ready access to new People who do not have ready access to new information technology systems are finding information technology systems are finding themselves isolated in a wilderness with few themselves isolated in a wilderness with few opportunities and dimming prospects opportunities and dimming prospects

nn If knowledge is the most important asset with which If knowledge is the most important asset with which people can compete, now and in the future, then people can compete, now and in the future, then ready access to information is the most dynamic ready access to information is the most dynamic component shaping our livescomponent shaping our lives

nn Ensuring access to the fundamental tools of the digital Ensuring access to the fundamental tools of the digital economy is therefore one of the most significant economy is therefore one of the most significant investments any nation must make to achieve investments any nation must make to achieve sustainable developmentsustainable development

1616

ICTs: Background, ICTs: Background, Infrastructure and Infrastructure and Ramifications:Ramifications:

0.0%

2.0%

4.0%

6.0%

8.0%

10.0%

12.0%

14.0%

16.0%

Radio TV Telephone Internet

ICTs per 100 inhabitants in developing countries (% of households owning access)

Source: ITU, 2002

1717

ICTs: Background, ICTs: Background, Infrastructure and Infrastructure and Ramifications:Ramifications:

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Population Fixed lines 1982 Fixed lines 2001

Developed

Developing

Telephone Lines in Developed and Developing countries

Source: ITU, 2002

1818

ICTs: Background, ICTs: Background, Infrastructure and Infrastructure and Ramifications:Ramifications:

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

35.0%

40.0%

45.0%

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

Developing

Developed

Internet Users in Developed & Developing Countries

Source: ITU, 2002

1919

ICTs: Background, ICTs: Background, Infrastructure and Infrastructure and Ramifications:Ramifications:

nn Telecommunication infrastructure is the bedrock Telecommunication infrastructure is the bedrock of achieving the ICT and WSIS Agenda.of achieving the ICT and WSIS Agenda.

nn It covers the transmission media & process, the It covers the transmission media & process, the access facilities, the distribution loop, the access facilities, the distribution loop, the network interconnectivity, network network interconnectivity, network interoperability, the trunk backbone, etc.interoperability, the trunk backbone, etc.

2020

55

Status of ICTStatus of ICTInfrastructure inInfrastructure in

NigeriaNigeria

2121

Status of ICT Infrastructure in Status of ICT Infrastructure in Nigeria: Nigeria:

4 4 44444411Number of Licensed Number of Licensed Mobile OperatorsMobile Operators

303030301919161699Number of Active Number of Active Licensed Fixed Line Licensed Fixed Line OperatorsOperators

35353535303030301818Number of Number of Operating ISPsOperating ISPs

2222222211Number of National Number of National Carriers Carriers

3.8m3.8m3.1m3.1m2.05m2.05m1.6m1.6mNone None Number of Number of Connected Digital Connected Digital Mobile Lines Mobile Lines

888,854888,854850,000850,000724,790724,790702,000702,000450,000450,000Number of Number of Connected Fixed Connected Fixed Lines Lines

MarMar--0404DecDec--03 03 JunJun--0303DecDec--0202DecDec--0000

2222

Status of ICT Infrastructure in Status of ICT Infrastructure in Nigeria:Nigeria:

Telephone Subscriber Growth

450,000 536,202830,321

2,296,179

2,774,7903,132,790

4,002,529

4,700,093

0

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

3,000,000

3,500,000

4,000,000

4,500,000

5,000,000

Dec 99 Dec-00 Dec-01 Dec-02 Jun-03 Sep-03 Dec-03 Mar-04

Digital MobileFixed Total Subscribers

2323

Status of ICT Infrastructure in Status of ICT Infrastructure in Nigeria:Nigeria:

50.00

150.00

1,200.00

2,100.00

2,550.00

2,550.00(estimate)

4,000.00(estima

te)

0.00 1,000.00 2,000.00 3,000.00 4,000.00

Dec 99

Dec-00

Dec-01

Dec-02

Jun-03

Sep-03

Dec-03

Private Investment (USD million) - 1999 - 2003

2424

Status of ICT Infrastructure in Status of ICT Infrastructure in Nigeria:Nigeria:

0

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

3,000,000

3,500,000

4,000,000

4,500,000D

ec-9

9

Dec

-00

Dec

-01

Mar

-02

Jun-

02

Sep

-02

Dec

-02

Mar

-03

Jun-

03

Sep

-03

Dec

-03

Mar

-04

Period

Subsc

riber

s

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

Tel

eden

sity

Mobile

Fixed

Teledensity

Total teledensity was 0.4 lines per 100 inhabitants in 1999; reached 1.96 in Dec 2002It increased to 3.33 in December 2003. By March 2004, the total teledensity was estimated at 3.92 lines per 100 inhabitants

2525

Status of ICT Infrastructure in Status of ICT Infrastructure in Nigeria:Nigeria:nn Telecoms penetration has improved significantly from Telecoms penetration has improved significantly from

400,000 lines in 1996 to 4.7 million lines today400,000 lines in 1996 to 4.7 million lines todaynn Independent regulationIndependent regulationnn Private sector participationPrivate sector participationnn Broadened competitionBroadened competition

nn Teledensity improved from 0.4% in 1996 to 3.92% in Teledensity improved from 0.4% in 1996 to 3.92% in March 2004March 2004

nn Several towns and cities estimated at 48% of the Several towns and cities estimated at 48% of the population and 18% of the land mass have potential population and 18% of the land mass have potential accessaccess

nn Grown from one player (monopoly) to hundreds of active Grown from one player (monopoly) to hundreds of active playersplayers

nn Exceeded minimum ITU recommended teledensity of 1%Exceeded minimum ITU recommended teledensity of 1%

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Status of ICT Infrastructure in Nigeria:Status of ICT Infrastructure in Nigeria:Geographic Penetration: Fixed Lines Geographic Penetration: Fixed Lines –– March 2004March 2004

Coverage:•• All states of the federation• Over 200 towns and cities• Estimated landmass: 9%• Estimated population: 20%

Coverage:

2727

Status of ICT Infrastructure in Nigeria:Status of ICT Infrastructure in Nigeria:Nigeria & Some African Countries Nigeria & Some African Countries –– Dec. 2003Dec. 2003

7.17.12.22.20.60.60.90.91.31.3Internet Internet Penetration Penetration (%)(%)

3,3003,30022522510010019519516001600Internet Users Internet Users ('000)('000)

46.746.79.99.99.429.425.095.093.293.29Teledensity Teledensity (%)(%)

21,66021,6601,0201,0201,5641,5641102110240214021Total (Total (‘‘000)000)

16,86016,8607837831,2361,23680080031493149GSM (GSM (‘‘000)000)

4,8004,800237237328328302302872872Fixed Lines Fixed Lines ((‘‘000)000)

South South AfricaAfrica

SenegalSenegalCote Cote DD’’IvoirIvoiree

GhanaGhanaNigeriNigeriaa

2828

Status of ICT Infrastructure in Status of ICT Infrastructure in Nigeria:Nigeria:nn Nigeria's immediate requirement for Nigeria's immediate requirement for

telecommunications, and other ICT facilities is telecommunications, and other ICT facilities is enormous and the required capital and time enormous and the required capital and time investment needed to complete a full deployment investment needed to complete a full deployment using wire lines are daunting using wire lines are daunting

nn Wireless systems therefore offer quicker solutions to Wireless systems therefore offer quicker solutions to providing network access than traditional copper lines providing network access than traditional copper lines and therefore more desirable and therefore more desirable

nn Digital Wireless and Mobile Communications Systems Digital Wireless and Mobile Communications Systems can help Nigeria leapfrog into the global village as an can help Nigeria leapfrog into the global village as an active memberactive member

2929

Status of ICT Infrastructure in Status of ICT Infrastructure in Nigeria:Nigeria:nn There is no doubt that the Internet is one quick way There is no doubt that the Internet is one quick way

of bridging the gap between the information haves of bridging the gap between the information haves and haveand have--nots and narrowing what is, now generally nots and narrowing what is, now generally referred to as the digital dividereferred to as the digital divide

nn Fixed and mobile wireless systems offer key Fixed and mobile wireless systems offer key advantages in making Internet services universally advantages in making Internet services universally available because of the speed of deploymentavailable because of the speed of deployment

nn With wireless systems, strong networks can be With wireless systems, strong networks can be rolled out quicklyrolled out quickly

3030

Status of ICT Infrastructure in Status of ICT Infrastructure in Nigeria:Nigeria:nn However, wireless deployment in Nigeria is faced However, wireless deployment in Nigeria is faced

with some problems, key among which are:with some problems, key among which are:nn Unreliable power supplyUnreliable power supplynn Limited funding available locally to finance massive Limited funding available locally to finance massive

build outbuild out

3131

The Way Forward:The Way Forward:

nn Nigeria still has a lot to do to create the Nigeria still has a lot to do to create the necessary infrastructure necessary for achieving necessary infrastructure necessary for achieving the WSIS goals. We must therefore continue to the WSIS goals. We must therefore continue to encourage private investment through the encourage private investment through the implementation of progressive sector policies.implementation of progressive sector policies.

nn An initiative codeAn initiative code--named the named the WiN ProjectWiN Project or or Wire Nigeria Project, which aims at ensuring that Wire Nigeria Project, which aims at ensuring that all the States of the federation are linked to a all the States of the federation are linked to a national optic fiber cable backbone infrastructure national optic fiber cable backbone infrastructure has been launched. has been launched.

3232

The Way Forward:The Way Forward:

nn Other support requirements include:Other support requirements include:

nn Reliable Electric Power supplyReliable Electric Power supply

nn Reliable Database for names and addressesReliable Database for names and addresses

nn Effective and reliable law enforcement agenciesEffective and reliable law enforcement agencies

nn Competent Judicial systemsCompetent Judicial systems

nn Strong financial regulatory regimeStrong financial regulatory regime

nn Trained ManpowerTrained Manpower

3333

Conclusions:Conclusions:

Nigeria requires solid ICT Nigeria requires solid ICT infrastructure to be able to infrastructure to be able to harness the full benefits the harness the full benefits the

information age & become an information age & become an active member of the global active member of the global

digital economy.digital economy.

3434

Conclusions:Conclusions:

nn The most fundamental requirement for success The most fundamental requirement for success in implementing the WSIS process in Nigeria is a in implementing the WSIS process in Nigeria is a fast, reliable, affordable and widely available fast, reliable, affordable and widely available national telecommunications infrastructure.national telecommunications infrastructure.

nn The goal of the Nigerian Communications The goal of the Nigerian Communications Commission is to facilitate the creation of Commission is to facilitate the creation of this enabling tool within the shortest this enabling tool within the shortest possible time.possible time.

3535

EndEnd

Thank youThank you