Animal Nutrition

Adequate Diet

1. Fuel• Chemical Energy (ATP)

2. Organic Raw Materials• Biosynthesis

3. Essential Nutrients• Substances (e.g. vitamins) that

animals can not make themselves

Caloric Imbalance

UndernourishmentDiet chronically deficit in calories

Stores of glycogen and fat used upBody breaks down protein for fuelMuscles decrease in sizeBrain becomes protein-deficient

Anorexia Nervosa

OvernourishmentObesity

Body normally hoards fatExcess of carbs, increase oxidation

DiabetesCardiovascular DiseaseMICVA

Leptin

Leptin: hormone found in fat cells (adipose) that suppresses appetite

More fat, more leptin, less appetiteLess fat, less leptin, more appetite

Evolutionary advantagesFeast-or-famineGorge on fatty foods

Essential Nutrients

Malnourished: Missing one or more essential nutrient

1. Amino Acids• Insufficient amounts cause protein

deficiency2. Fatty Acids

• Required to make phospholipids in membrane

3. Vitamins• 13 essential organic vitamins to humans• Comparatively small amounts

4. Minerals• Inorganic nutrients

kwashiorkor