A&P II 2016 Exam 2 Name _________________________________________________

1) Contractions of the papillary muscles A) close the atrioventricular valves. B) close the semilunar valves. C) eject blood from the ventricles. D) prevent the atrioventricular valves from reversing into the atria. E) eject blood from the atria into the ventricles. Answer: DLearning Outcome: 20-1Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

2) The visceral pericardium is the same as the A) mediastinum. B) parietal pericardium. C) epicardium. D) myocardium. E) endocardium. Answer: CLearning Outcome: 20-1Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

3) Most of the middle layer in the heart wall is composed of A) cardiac muscle cells.B) chondrocytes.C) epitheliocytes.D) fibrocytes.E) smooth muscle cells.Answer: ALearning Outcome: 20-1Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

4) The right ventricle pumps blood to the A) right and left lungs. B) left ventricle. C) left atrium. D) aorta. E) right atrium. Answer: ALearning Outcome: 20-1Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

5) The left ventricle pumps blood to the A) lungs. B) right ventricle. C) right atrium. D) aorta. E) pulmonary circuit. Answer: DLearning Outcome: 20-1Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

6) The right atrium receives blood from the A) coronary sinus. B) superior vena cava. C) inferior vena cava. D) systemic circuit.E) All of the answers are correct. Answer: ELearning Outcome: 20-1Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

7) In order to perform a coronary artery bypass graft, a cardiac surgeon mustA) open the pericardial sac.B) open the myocardium to see the AV valves. C) visualize the pulmonary valve. D) visualize the carotid arteries. E) All of the answers are correct. Answer: ALearning Outcome: 20-1Bloom's Taxonomy: Application

8) When a blood clot forms on a ruptured plaque in a coronary artery, the condition is referred to as a(n) A) coronary spasm. B) myocardial infarction. C) coronary thrombosis. D) angina pectoris. E) pulmonary embolism. Answer: CLearning Outcome: 20-1Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

9) When the left ventricle contracts, the distance from the apex to the base A) increases. B) decreases. C) remains unchanged. Answer: BLearning Outcome: 20-1Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

10) When the left ventricle contracts, the diameter of the ventricular chamber A) increases. B) decreases. C) remains the same. Answer: BLearning Outcome: 20-1Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

11) Cardiac cells damaged by infarction will show which of the following?A) switch to anaerobic metabolismB) release of enzymes into the circulationC) release of troponin T and I into the circulationD) release of CK-MB into the circulationE) All of the answers are correct.Answer: ELearning Outcome: 20-1Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

12) Blood flowing into the heart from the venae cavae flows next through the ________ valve. A) mitral B) bicuspid C) tricuspid D) pulmonary semilunar E) aortic semilunar Answer: CLearning Outcome: 20-1Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

Figure 20-1 The Heart

Use Figure 20-1 to answer the following questions:

13) Identify the structure labeled "19." A) tricuspid valve B) pulmonary semilunar valve C) aortic semilunar valve D) bicuspid valve E) ligamentum arteriosum Answer: BLearning Outcome: 20-1Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

14) Identify the structure(s) labeled "8." A) moderator band B) pectinate muscles C) papillary muscles D) trabeculae carneae E) chordae tendineae Answer: CLearning Outcome: 20-1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

15) Identify the structure labeled "6." A) cusp of tricuspid valve B) pulmonary semilunar valve C) aortic semilunar valve D) bicuspid valve E) ligamentum arteriosum Answer: ALearning Outcome: 20-1Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

16) Which chamber receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary circuit? A) 5 B) 10 C) 16 D) 13 E) both 5 and 16 Answer: CLearning Outcome: 20-1Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

17) Identify the structure labeled "21." A) bicuspid valve B) pulmonary semilunar valve C) aortic semilunar valve D) ligamentum arteriosum E) tricuspid valve Answer: DLearning Outcome: 20-1Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

18) The normal pacemaker of the heart is located in A) the Purkinje fibers. B) the sinoatrial node. C) the atrioventricular node. D) the wall of the left ventricle. E) both the left and right ventricles. Answer: BLearning Outcome: 20-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

19) Abnormally slow depolarization of the ventricles would most change the shape of the ________ in an ECG tracing. A) P wave B) T wave

C) QRS complex D) P-R interval E) R-T interval Answer: CLearning Outcome: 20-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

20) As a result of the long refractory period in the cardiac action potential, cardiac muscle cannot exhibit A) tonus. B) treppe. C) tetany. D) recruitment. E) fatigue. Answer: CLearning Outcome: 20-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

21) If the pacemaker cells in the SA node become more permeable to potassium ions, the A) heart rate will increase. B) heart rate will decrease. C) cells will depolarize. D) cells will hyperpolarize. E) heart rate will decrease and cells will hyperpolarize.Answer: ELearning Outcome: 20-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Application

22) If the connection between the SA node and AV node becomes blocked, A) the ventricles will beat faster. B) the ventricles will beat more slowly. C) the ventricular beat will remain unchanged. D) cardiac output will increase. E) the atria will contract more forcefully. Answer: BLearning Outcome: 20-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Application

Figure 20-2 Cardiac Cycle

Use Figure 20-2 to answer the following questions:

23) What occurs at the area labeled "D" on the graph? A) AV valve opens. B) Semilunar valve opens. C) Diastolic filling begins.D) AV valve opens and filling of ventricles begins. E) Ventricle contracts. Answer: DLearning Outcome: 20-3Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

24) What volume is labeled "G" on the graph? A) cardiac output B) stroke volume C) end-systolic volume D) end-diastolic volume E) ejection fraction Answer: CLearning Outcome: 20-3Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

25) What occurs at "A" on the graph? A) Semilunar valve opens. B) Semilunar valve closes. C) AV valve opens. D) AV valve closes. E) end systolic volume Answer: ALearning Outcome: 20-3Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

26) What volume is labeled "E" on the graph? A) cardiac output B) stroke volume C) end-diastolic volume D) end-systolic volume E) total cardiac volume Answer: BLearning Outcome: 20-3Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

27) What occurs at the circled label "5" on the graph? A) peak systolic pressure B) isovolumetric systole C) isovolumetric contraction D) ventricular refilling E) increased heart rate Answer: ALearning Outcome: 20-3Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

28) An increase in the rate of action potentials from baroreceptors will trigger a reflex toA) increase heart rate.B) decrease heart rate.C) decrease blood pressure.D) both decrease heart rate and decrease pressure.E) both increase heart rate and increase pressure. Answer: D

Learning Outcome: 20-4Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

29) The volume of blood ejected from each ventricle during a contraction is called the A) end-diastolic volume. B) end-systolic volume. C) stroke volume. D) cardiac output. E) cardiac reserve. Answer: CLearning Outcome: 20-4Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

30) Each of the following factors will increase cardiac output except increasedA) venous return. B) parasympathetic stimulation. C) sympathetic stimulation. D) heart rate. E) force of contraction. Answer: BLearning Outcome: 20-4Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

31) The thoroughfare channel ends at theA) artery.B) arteriole.C) capillary.D) venule.E) vein.Answer: DLearning Outcome: 21-1Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

32) Which of the following layers of a vessel contains collagen fibers with scattered bands of elastic fibers? A) tunica intima B) external elastic membrane C) tunica media D) internal elastic membrane E) tunica externa Answer: ELearning Outcome: 21-1Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

33) After blood leaves the capillaries, it enters the A) arteries.

B) arterioles. C) capillaries. D) venules. E) veins. Answer: DLearning Outcome: 21-1Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

34) Blood flow to a tissue will increase if the A) level of oxygen at the tissue increases. B) level of carbon dioxide at the tissue decreases. C) veins constrict. D) arterioles dilate. E) arterioles constrict. Answer: DLearning Outcome: 21-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

35) Blood pressure is determined by A) measuring the size of the pulse. B) listening carefully to the pulse. C) estimating the pressure needed to close off an artery with an external pressure cuff. D) estimating the degree of turbulence in a partly closed vessel. E) measuring the force of contraction of the left ventricle. Answer: CLearning Outcome: 21-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

36) In what vessel is blood pressure the highest?A) arteryB) arterioleC) capillaryD) venuleE) veinAnswer: ALearning Outcome: 21-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

37) Blood pressure increases with all of the following except increased A) cardiac output. B) peripheral resistance. C) blood volume. D) parasympathetic innervation. E) force of cardiac contraction. Answer: DLearning Outcome: 21-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

38) Which layer of a blood vessel contains concentric sheets of smooth muscle tissue? A) tunica intima B) external elastic membrane C) tunica media D) internal elastic membrane E) tunica externa Answer: CLearning Outcome: 21-1Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

39) Elevated levels of the natriuretic peptide hormones ANP and BNP will produce increased A) salt and water loss through the kidneys. B) blood volume. C) sodium ion levels in blood. D) venous return and preload. E) blood pressure. Answer: ALearning Outcome: 21-3Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

40) When carotid and aortic baroreceptors reduce their output, A) heart rate increases. B) heart rate decreases. C) stroke volume increases. D) both heart rate and stroke volume increase.E) the heart rate will decrease to lower blood pressure.Answer: DLearning Outcome: 21-3Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

41) Increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood will result in decreased A) heart rate. B) cardiac output. C) blood flow to the lungs. D) parasympathetic stimulation of the heart. E) sympathetic stimulation of the heart. Answer: DLearning Outcome: 21-3Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

42) During exercise, A) vasodilation occurs at the active skeletal muscles. B) venous return increases. C) both cardiac output and stroke volume increase. D) tissue perfusion to the digestive system decreases.

E) All of the answers are correct. Answer: ELearning Outcome: 21-4Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

43) In response to hemorrhage, there is A) peripheral vasodilation. B) increased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart. C) mobilization of the venous reserve. D) constriction of elastic arteries to maintain blood pressure.E) All of the answers are correct. Answer: CLearning Outcome: 21-4Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

44) During exercise, A) venous return increases. B) both cardiac output and stroke volume increase. C) vasodilation occurs at the active skeletal muscles. D) venous return increases and vasodilation occurs at the active skeletal muscles. E) All of the answers are correct. Answer: ELearning Outcome: 21-4Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

45) Homeostatic mechanisms in response to blood loss include all of the following exceptA) uptake of interstitial fluid due to reduced capillary pressure. B) inhibition of EPO secretion. C) activation of ADH secretion. D) activation of aldosterone secretion. E) increased thirst and water intake. Answer: BLearning Outcome: 21-4Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

46) Pulmonary arteries carry blood to theA) right atrium. B) left atrium. C) lungs. D) aorta. E) systemic circuit. Answer: CLearning Outcome: 21-5Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

47) The right pulmonary veins carry ________ blood to the ________.

A) deoxygenated; left atrium B) oxygenated; right lung C) deoxygenated; superior vena cava D) deoxygenated; right atrium E) oxygenated; left atrium Answer: ELearning Outcome: 21-6Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

48) Pulmonary veins carry blood to the A) right atrium. B) left atrium. C) lungs. D) aorta. E) pulmonary circuit. Answer: BLearning Outcome: 21-6Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

49) Venules feed blood into A) capillaries.B) vena cavae.C) veins.D) venous reserves.E) arterioles.Answer: CLearning Outcome: 21-1Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

50) After the precapillary arteriole, blood enters a(n) A) venule.B) anastomosis.C) precapillary sphincter.D) capillary bed.E) thoroughfare channel.Answer: ELearning Outcome: 21-1Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

51) The pressure difference between the base of the aorta and the right atrium is the ________ pressure.A) systemic B) systolic C) pulse

D) mean arterial E) circulatory Answer: ELearning Outcome: 21-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

52) The process of decrease in vessel diameter that occurs due to smooth muscle contraction is called A) vasodilation.B) vasomotion.C) vasoconstriction.D) vasopressin.E) vasodecrease.Answer: CLearning Outcome: 21-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

53) The regulation of blood flow by local mechanisms within a capillary bed is called A) autoregulation.B) hormonal regulation.C) hemoregulation.D) vasoregulation.E) neuroregulation.Answer: ALearning Outcome: 21-3Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

54) The blood vessel that carries blood to the arm and shoulder is the ________ artery.A) axillary B) subclavian C) brachial D) acromial E) brachiocephalic Answer: BLearning Outcome: 21-7Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

55) The blood vessel that supplies blood to the head and neck is the ________ artery. A) brachiocephalicB) vertebralC) subclavianD) common carotidE) cervicalAnswer: DLearning Outcome: 21-7Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

56) The blood vessel that supplies venous blood to the liver is the A) celiac artery.B) inferior mesenteric vein.C) hepatic portal vein.D) gastric vein.E) superior mesenteric artery.Answer: CLearning Outcome: 21-7Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

57) Compared to arteries, veins A) are more elastic. B) have more smooth muscle in their tunica media. C) have a pleated endothelium. D) have thinner walls. E) hold their shape better when cut. Answer: DLearning Outcome: 21-1Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

58) Capillaries that have a complete lining are called A) continuous capillaries. B) fenestrated capillaries. C) sinusoidal capillaries. D) sinusoids. E) vasa vasorum. Answer: ALearning Outcome: 21-1Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

59) The smallest arterial branches are called the A) precapillary arterioles. B) arterioles. C) capillaries. D) venules. E) veins. Answer: ALearning Outcome: 21-1Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

60) The layer between the tunica media and the tunica externa in a large artery is the A) tunica intima. B) external elastic membrane. C) tunica media. D) internal elastic membrane. E) tunica externa. Answer: BLearning Outcome: 21-1Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

Extra Credit (1 point Each)

1) The ________ is a remnant of an important fetal blood vessel that once linked the pulmonary and systemic circuits.A) fossa ovalisB) ductus arteriosusC) foramen ovaleD) ductus venosusE) ligamentum arteriosumAnswer: ELearning Outcome: 20-1Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

2) Which of the following statements is true concerning differences between the right and left ventricles?A) The right ventricle pumps with more force compared to the left.B) The left ventricles pumps twice as much blood as the right ventricle.C) The right ventricles pumps blood to the body, whereas the left ventricle pumps blood to the lungs.D) The right ventricle is conical-shaped while the left ventricle is half-moon shaped.E) The efficiency of the right ventricle is increased by the left ventricle because the wall of the left ventricle pushes into the right ventricle.Answer: ELearning Outcome: 20-1Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

3) Turbulent blood flow occurs A) when there are irregularities in the vessel wall. B) at low flow rates. C) within long and straight blood vessels. D) when blood pressure is excessively low. E) All of the answers are correct.Answer: A

Learning Outcome: 21-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

4) Vickie has a tumor that secretes excess amounts of the hormone aldosterone. Because of the elevated level of hormone, she exhibits A) decreased blood volume. B) increased blood pressure. C) increased body stores of sodium ion. D) polycythemia. E) both an increase in blood pressure and an increase in stored sodium ion.Answer: ELearning Outcome: 21-3Bloom's Taxonomy: Application

5) Which of the following conditions is least likely to lead to renin release? A) renal artery thrombus B) vasospasm of the renal arteries C) circulatory shockD) increased sympathetic activity E) hypertension Answer: ELearning Outcome: 21-3Bloom's Taxonomy: Application