Amateur Built Version Looks Often Something Like This

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    Welcome to my web site

    I was 72 years old when this picture was taken. My life as amateur telescopemaker had come to an end, and my life as a retired person had started five yearsbefore. The 10 telescope (picture) in the middle has got its permanent place inmy cottage 40 km away on Norways south coast. Here we can experience a

    spectacular sight of myriades of stars on a clear, nightly sky in august andseptember. In the city Skien where i live , the Milky Way is a seldom sight, due tothe disturbance from all light and pollutions from environment. For me isastronomy still mighty and facinating, and marvellous pictures from space ,thanks to the Hubble telescope, still keeps my curiosity and pleasure alive.

    1. My private life

    2. My 42 years in chem. research

    3. Machine tools making was my hobby

    4. Counting particles from space

    5. My way to 180 000 volts

    6. Making a Stirling engine

    7. Antigravity in my basement

    8. Grandfathers experiment , MP 3

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    My private life

    I lost my dear Elin in august 1998. I am 83 years old, living alone in my ownhouse, together with a beatiful cat . My son Kjell Erik and his wife Ingvil hassettled in Molde, a city about 600 km north of Skien. They have both their

    physiotherapy education, partly working in their trade, partly in school-andhealth department in Molde.My three grandchildren Silje(28) sa (25) and Erlend (23 ) are still goingthrough their respective studies at NTNU (Norwegian Technical Nature-scientific University, NTNU) in the city Trondheim.

    We keep in good contact with e-mails and phone calls, and I get visitsfrom them as often their jobs and studies allow. Their vacations insummer time is often used to visit our woderful cottage , laying only 100meters from the seaside, with a magnific view out on the ocean. And itsonly 40 minutes car driving from my home. Take a look :

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    Alow me to present my family:

    This is my son Kjell Erik Tveten, b 16.febr.1956

    After his physiotherapy study in Bergen, he hascompleted his education with Health Science asMajor Subject.He works as independent physioterapeut , and haseven a function as Teaching Supervisor at MoldeHigh Scool, Health Division.

    This is my daughterin-law Ingvil Grytli, b25.des.1956

    After her physiotherapi study in Bergen, sheworks partly as physiotherapeut, partly asPeople Health Coordinator in Molde.

    For the time she has started to complete hereducation. Her final goal is a Master Degree ,at the People Health Academy in Gteborg.

    This is my grandchild Silje Grytli Tveten, b19.july 1981

    Silje has studiet and worked with GraphicDesign, now preparing for a Master Degree inMedia, Communication and InformationTechnology at NTNU in Trondheim. She hasbeen Art Director for UKAO 7, and is active inTrondheims Kvinnelige Studentersangforening.

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    This is my granschild sa Grytli Tveten, b2.april 1984

    sa goes through the Sivil Engineer Study atNTNU in Trondheim, Energy and Environment

    as major subjects. Plans to write a MasterSubject concerning Industrial Ecology. Shehas been avtive in ISFiT and student revyEMIL. Just returned from a years stydy atInstituto Superior Tchnico in Lisboa.

    This is my grandchild Erlend Grytli Tveten, b26.september 1986

    Erlend goes through the Sivil Engineer Studyat NTNU in Trondheim, for the time NanoTechnology. Earlier he studied Physics ansMathematics, and even Music Technology. He

    had been very active in The Students Radio, intheir program Unillustrated Science.

    T ime has come to present myself, born

    11.october 1925

    Concerning my CV, take a look in the next link:

    42 years contribution in Norsk HydrosResarch Center at Herya

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    My 42 years in Norsk HydrosResearch Center at Herya

    After grammar school in Porsgrunn in 1944, I performed in 1946-47 mymilitary service in Norwegian Air Force, Comminication School, Lutvann,Oslo). After that, I had three semesters at Stockholms Tekniska Institut,Kemiteknisk Fackavdeling in 1948-49. I made an application for a job atNorsk Hydros Resarch Center early in 1950, got an employment andstartet my carrier on the 1. april 1950.First task was a practicability study of the Kroll process for the productionof a pure quality of titanium tetrachloride, based on the use of norwegianIlmenitt as a raw material for production of the intermediate product,liquid titanium tetracloride.Few years earlier the production of magnesium metal had startet in NorskHydro. Gradually I was involved in this prosess on the raw-material side,namely dolomit and sea water, where several problems needed bettersolutions. Step by step I moved forwards in the process link, trying to findbest solutions in the pellet production, where a mixture of fine powderedmagnesium oxide was mixed with fine powdered pit coal, added amagnesium chloride solution and forming hardening pellet. These weredried and chlorinated, and a molt of liquid (600 C ) magnesium chloridecould be tapped and lead to electrolyse baths for the produvtion ofmetallic magnesium. A very tough and contaminating process, creating alot of environmental problems, with emissions of i.a. mercury anddioxines.A completely new and much cleaner process was under developing at theResearch Center, where the Mg raw material was waste magnesium-chloride brine from Kali Salz, Germany. We developed a brine cleaningprocess in pilot plant, and a prosess for concentrating the purified brineby using a vertical tube stock evaporator. This hot brine at ca. 200 C wassprayed, first by nozzles, later in a special constructed sentrifuge. The socalled prills were dried in a fluid bed,and transportet as waterfreemagneslim chloride granules to the electrolysis baths.This so called Brine Process was then realized in a new plant. After some

    startup problems the regular production was a fact i 1980, providing 40 %of the total metal production.The Brine Process had great environmental advantages, and initial plansfor building a large plant in Canada was evaluated in 1987. This plant wasdimentionated for a yearly production of 60 000 tons Mg metal, and westarted a comprehensive work on estimations, calculations andcomputations. The Mg-raw material this time was not a brine, butChinese Magnesitt rock (magnesium carbonate), which would be dissolvedin concentrated hydrochloric acid to achieve the primary brine.

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    For me this involved a lot of pilot plant investigations, including not onlythe chinese magnesite, but a lot of other imaginable qualities from otherplaces, all around the world.The place for the plant became Becancour, close to the St.Lawrence river.Due to several unlycky circumstances, such as a duty protection fra USA,

    a serious budget overrun occured. Nevertheless, the plant was startetand produced magnesium metal as anticipated.

    But competition with cheap magnseium from numberless of dirty, badlycontaminating backyard-plants in China became a too heavy burden forour new and environmentally friendly plant, and the whole plant was shutdown in 2007. Magnesium production at Herya had long since beenstopped, This happened on 25.october 2001, and about 600 persons losttheir jobs. The cause : Profitability was too low they said, and ourgeneral manager Erling Reiten in Norsk Hydro was no longer a popular

    person for us.

    On the 29. october 1992 my engagement in Norsk Hydros ResearchCenter ended, I was 67 years old, and my retirement was a matter of fact.

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    The magnesium plant in Becancour

    Machine tools making was my hobby

    When the house was ready for my familyssentry in 1966 and we startet our new way ofliving, the basement stood there, almostempty. A tempting challenge for investments

    in different kinds of machine tools could be afuture goal, but strict economy did not allowfor expences of that kind for many years. Sowhat to do ?The answer was of course to build thosemachines by myself, and so it started. I dontremember what came first, I guess it was theband saw (1974) but not quite sure. Anyhow,new machines showed up year after year,andpossibilities for fine wood-working in my little

    basement workshop increased . Many kinds offurniture for home and cottage in selectedwoods was performed, to great satisfaction formy wife, sometimes for my son and of coursefor my self !

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    Next machine was possibly the turning lathe for metals , getting later alot more of applacability when a frequency convertor was installed forprecise control of rotation speed.

    A thicknesser ( 1985) was the next step , Isuppose. This one has become a quiteirreplaceable machine to get plane surfacesout of sawn wood. And even the deep soundfrom this machine is like a professional one.

    I love her !

    Next step got the name longsaw .(1988)It has rolling support, highspeed blade, and cutsalmost everything, such ascoarce planks, all kinds ofplastics, thick aluminium aneven magnesium. Iron andsteel is not recommended,due to high blade speed.

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    And not to forget the

    appliceable turning lathe forwood (1983) For many yearsturning of bowls was anengaging hobby, and morethan fifty bowls of unlikedimensjons, design and woodtype were created her, mostof them as gifts forhappenings.

    Counting particles from space

    In Scientific American, febr. 2001 Shawn Carlson gave a description forhow to build what he called a cosmic ray telescope. By using two home-made, identical Geiger-Mller detectors, and using what is called acoincidence coupling, it was possible to find the direction for particles thathad passed both detectors, i.e. a kind of a telescope for ionizing particles.I got a spontaneous interest, this has to be tried !

    Building two identical detectors causedproblems, evacuating and argon filling too, butthe necessary high voltage equipment (1500 v)gave less problems. Cosmic particles fromabove or radiation from small pieces of Uraninitor Thorit was no problem, soI had plenty of ionizing particles accessible.But no pulses from the detectors could beregistered, neither directly nor from the

    coincidence circuit. A long series of homemadetubular GM-tubes were built and tried, but noresponse. What to do now ? A good friend loaned me a GM tube, and Ihappily observed that my electronic circuits functioned quite well.I had to resignate, GM tubes must be purchased from some where. OnInternet I found that Centronic Ltd. (Radiation Detectors Division) inEngland had just the type i needed, and from their Mike Bates I got akindly e-mail , telling me about the complicated procedures for producingrelieable GM-tubes. I immediately ordered two GM-tubes ( ZP 1210), for atotal price of No kr. 2629,-.(about 260,-)

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    The GM-tubes were mounted on a plawoodsheet, in a distance about 60 cm. Theycould be turned around an axis parallell tothe axis of the earth. A pulse counter

    (Velleman building kit) was incorporated,and arrangements for amplifying andletting the coincident pulses from the GM-tubes move the membrane of a smallspeaker, connected to a ball pen, writing acurve on a rotating drum plotter (1 rot. perday)

    N ow everything worked just as expected.

    A serial of systematic observationsstarted, a timer put inn particle counting4 min every hour, and so I let it go, dayafter day. After a scrutiny of all the dataI had achieved, I had to realize thefollowing : Any spesific tendenses couldnot be unfolded !Variations on direction for incomingcoincident particles at moment time hadseemingly no effect on particle rate.

    Particle presence at any time of the dayhad seemingly no kind of incidentalsystem, in my opinion it all lookedarbitrary.

    Not very uplifting for me !

    The explanation turned up gradually: The

    cosmic proton particles colllides with ouratmosphere, creating series of secondaryparticles. Among these are positive andnegativer muons, beeing detectable atground level.

    The figure shows what happens :

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    The (yellow) muons are what I detected . They come in from unlikedirections, giving no identification of incomig cosmic particles direction.

    Well, in any case I had a lot of interestingly planning, I met newchallenges, new knowledge and plenty of funny handworking during thisproject. I dont regret anything, and muons are still my friends.

    My way to 180 000 volts

    My interest for high tension started when I was 12-14 yars old. I got a coil from an old lorry, lookingquite differet from coils today. It had a vibrator forpulsating the battery voltage to the primary coil.

    From the secondary coils windings came a streamof high voltage pulses, going to the spark plugs inthe motor. The voltage could be thousands of volts,quite enough to give very painfull knocks in fingers.This voltage could fill old radio tubes with amysterious blue light, very facinating to observe insemi-darkness.

    Later on, the interest for radio showed up, but without high tensions, and

    not practicing as an radio amateur with home built transmitter.

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    High tensions showed up again when I on Internet in 1997 found quite alot about building Plasma Globes by using a flyback transformer from ascrapped TV , those who build up the lines on the screen.

    Fare more fascinating however was what tesal-saved nerdes could tell

    and show about their big and sofisticated tesla generators, produsing highfrequent, with sparks in the hundred-thousand volts class. People like Kronjaeger,Jochen and Stefan-Kluge cuntributed with themost of it, and had a countless suggestionson how to calculate, build and optimize theirtesla generators. Warnings and cautions forfatal acccidents was often mentioned. Manypeople believe that due to the high frequencthe current would only pass the skin of a

    human beeing, not giving any harm. Thetruth is not so. The high frequence producedby home made tesla generators will alwayshave a low frequent component due to theuse of a so called OBIT-transformer (OilBurning Ignition Transformer) , giving the wanted starting voltage fromthe house mains net.

    The term tesla comes from the hungarian-americaninventor Nicola Tesla (1857-1943). He developed

    the tesla transformer, the transformation of highvoltage, 3-phase elctricity over long distances iscredited Tesla and a long series of other inventions.He was a genius of his kind, and the use, all overthe world of 3-phase motors from small to thebiggest was his greatest contribution to theelectrification of our civilization.Litt.: : The inventions, researches and writings ofNicolai Tesla , Thomas Commerford Martin, 1995.

    Diagram for a simple tesla generator.

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    ThThe OBIT transformer is the mains xfmr,nomallydelivering 10 000 volts from its secondary coil. Sparks willarise between a circular group of copper tubes. I used 7tubes with 28 mm outher diam. and 70 mm length.Thespacing between tubes are 0.6-0.8 mm. During operationsparks will fill all these gaps, creating problematic heath.The construction with sparks distributed over 40 cm lenghtof copper tubes solves this problem.

    Cap is a high voltage condenser. Different principles forsuch condensers are possible, but the simples way forhome building is to fill common bottles (redwine bottles,700 ml are very fine) with a sodium chloride solution,putting in a steel rod in the solution and seal the outlet,and gluing aluminium foil to the outer side of the bottle.

    The capacity for such a condenser will be about 0.8 nF. In my case Icoupled 5 bottles in parallell, and measured the total capacity to be 4.2nF. Prim is primary coil in the diagram.

    A very covnvenient design is shown here :

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    The coil was made og 6.5 mm diam.() copper tube.

    For maximum transferred effect from primary to secondary coil it is crucialthat frequency for these coils are as close as possible.

    Arrangement for testing ofresonnans frequency for theprimary circuit.

    A calculation of self inductance for the coils I used will be given here :

    The angle is 30 h= 11.5 cm (4.52) W= mean.diam = R+w = (7.5 + 20/2 = 17.5cm (6.9) n = 12 windings Calculated self induction (L) in H (mikrohenry).

    Lv = 6.92 x 122 / ( 9x6.9 + 10x 4.52) = 6856 / 107.3 = 63.8 H

    Lh = 6.92 x 122 / (8 x 6.9 + 11x 6.9) = 6856 / 131.5 = 52.3 H

    L = sqr(( Lv x sin )2 + ( Lh x cos )

    2) = sqr ( 1017.6 + 2051) = 55.4 H

    Resonnance freequency for my coil with a 4.2 nF (4200 pF) condenserwill be :

    f= 103 / 2 sqr ( 55.4 x 4200) = 1000 / 6.28 x 464.6 = 0.343 ): 330 KHz

    The vertical coil is the secondary in this system. Its self induction iwascalculated as shown here :

    L = h x n2 / 100 ( 10.0 + 0.43) = 7.6 x 9502 /

    100 x 10.43 = 6576 H eller 6.58 mH.

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    The toroid at the top was later eplaced by a closed, 12 liters aluminium pot. Thecoil has outher diameter of 7.6 cm, height 76 cm and 950 windings. The ratiobetween winding height and coil diameter is her 76/7.6 = 10.

    The surface area of the coil was calculated as shown here :

    Ox = (7.6 x x 950 x 0.08 x ) = 5695 cm2. (wire gauge 0.8 mm diam.)

    In practice only half of the vindings surface is estimate as capacity-giving. The area of asphere with the area (5695/2=) 2847 cm2 has a radius of r= sqr ( 2847/ 4 =) 15 cm.Converted to capacity this will be (15/0.9=) 16.7 pF

    Capacity for the big pot :

    Total outher surface was 3234 cm2, which is eqivvalent to a sphere with a radius :sqr(3234/ 4 =) 16 cm. Converted to capacity this is (16/ 0.9=) 17.8 pF.

    Total capacity in the sec. circuit is ( 16.6 + 17.8 =) 34.5 pF

    A calculation on the resonans frequency in the sec. circuit gives:

    f= 103 / 2 sqr ( 6576 x 35.4 ) = 1000 / 6.28 x 482.5 = 0.330 ): 330 KHz

    So far was my calculated resonans frequency for prim. and sec. cir cuitsexactly the same, giving high hopes for optimal results .

    Well, I albeit met some trouble. The spark lengt was only 5-6 cm, correspondingto 50-60 000 volts. I felt there was roomfor higher potensials, and planned a moreserious investigation. With good advices andsupport from my good friend Ottar, thefollowing equipment was acquired :

    A funcion generator (Voltcraft MXG-9802A , Ebay)

    PC scope from Velleman (PCS 64) An old computer (IBM Aptiva, bought

    in 1994)

    The procedure for my measurements was asfollows :

    I made two loops (a single turn isolatedwire) , and hang them up around thevertical, secondary coil. The lower one was

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    connected to the function generator, the upper to the PC-scope, which in turnwas connected to the computor. Distance between the loops was seemingly notcritical. The frequency was gradually endered/increased, and the amplitude Iregistered on the screen gave a fine view of the signal. When a resonansoccured, an increased amplitud could clearly be seen.

    The resonans frequency i found here was measured to be 328 KHz , in verygood harmony to my previous calculations. I got sparks about 16 cm length,i.e. about 160 000 volts.Raising the mains voltage from 230 to 250 volte gave a spark lengt of 18 cm,corresponding to 180 000 volts.The picture shows how my Tesla generator looks today in activity. Not so veryimpressive, but I promise you, the spark is highly dangerous to touch. It sparkhas a sharp, hissing sound, and the smoke detector is affected, makingadditional noise in my basement.

    Perhaps it could be funny to enlarge to higher tensions and getting more showout of it, but my basement headrom is only 210 cm. No place for suchadventures for me.

    Tesla-nerds in USA use big garages and halls to try out their large vonders, andfind it very amusing taking pictures beeing in the midst of their impressivesparks . But such pictures are of course double-exposured !

    Making a Stirling Engine

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    The Stirling engineis a heat enginewhose heat-excangeprocess allows fornear ideal efficency

    in conversion ofheat into mechanicalmovement RobertStirling ( 1790-1878) was theinventor.At the end of the20th century therewas worldwideabout 250 000

    Sterling engines in use. Today, with with growing ecological conscienceand ever-rising fuel costs, the undemanding and quiet Stirking engine isattracting renewed interest.

    Take a look at the diagram given, the Stirling motor principle is quitesimple ,isn it ?

    I found lots of detailed descriptions about practical solutions on Internet,also showing a great diversity of constructions. Juste take look below :

    The most simple and funn y version is perhaps the Coffe-cup :

    The amateur built version looks oftensomething like this :

    --

    and a proffesional one looks like this

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    Stirling engine and generator set with 55 kW electrical output, forcombined heat and power applications.

    What a challenge for me ! This had to be tried, no doubt about it !The simplest version was nothing for me. A more advanced one could bethe best choise, and I started my planning. I will not bother you with alldetails and problems i met on my way. Plenty of them popped up in myconstruction, but gradually the engine got its ultimate form, and time wasready for a startup.But Im sorry, I never succeded getting my engine to function,whatever I

    tried to adjust and regulate. But believe me, Iwas very,very close up to success. The enginemade 3-4 strokes, so it died, time and again .

    What was the reason for my blunder?Probably a little too small diameters to overcomethe frictions between sealing devices in myelegant construction.When piston-cylinder diameter increases with afactor of 2, the steam-exposed area on pistons

    will increase with a factor of 4 , and so alsonecessary force to overcome friction due tosealing devices.The contact surface between piston and cylinderwill only increase with a factor of 2, letting forcesfor moving pistons up and down to increase witha factor of 2. Totally this means a doubling offorces to overcome the friction. Hope Im right !

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    Antigravity in my basement

    I guess everybody has felt some fascination looking at a spinning,humming top, quite unaffected rotating in its own way, seemingly having

    its own meaning of how to behave when you try to affect its stubbornbehavier. In a physics book you could find an explanation for thisphenomena like this :

    When trying to affect the spinning, the axis of a gyroscope will make amovement perpendicular to the moment , trying to get its own spinningaxis parallell to the moment This cleared up everything, didnt it ?

    The gyroeffect comes into our lives in a lot of occations. In bicycling itallows you to drop the handbars and still keep the balance, provided the

    speed is suficcient. Apropos the bicycle, a wheel of this is the best to usefor getting feelings of the sinister forces in gyroeffect.If you mount a handle at the outstanding axis on one side, takes a godgrip and put the wheel in quick rotation with your arm outstretched,curious things happen. If you turn around your own axis, one of twothings happen : Either will your arm be drawn down, or it will be liftet up.Which way depends of the direction you turn around.

    When i obeserved this phenomena, I got an ingeious id :

    Give me two such wheels, one for each arm, and let me turn around myown axis, both arms outstanding. Either I will feeel a lift of my body, orfeel my body beeing pressed down, dependent on the way of rotation.Standing on a short, motor rotated bench with a steady foothold, andcorrect turning direction for wheels and myself, I should feel a lifting forceupon my body ! And what if I let a rack take over my place, and put inthree motors for wheels and rack rotation ?

    Could such a system rise from the floor ? Yes. it had to, no question !This impossible trick, lifting oneself up in the hair was within rich, and the

    physical laws for gravity had to be justified. The feeling of this possibilitygave me a feeling of both delight and freight. What to do next ?

    Shortly after i read in New Scientist 20. oct. 1990 under the sectionReview, with the title : Gyroscopes remainthe strangest of attractors, and a newlypublished book Beyond 2001, The law ofphysics revolutionized,written by an englishman, Sandy Kidd.immediately ordered this book, waitingimpatient for the book to come. Withshivering hands i opened it and startedreading.

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    Kidd describes how he got his idea, building a machine to develop gravityforces, able to lift itself up in the air. His book had no drawings or picturesof his invention. The only thing to observe was on the cover of this book,shown here.

    His principle was seemingly exactly the same as I had in my thoughts,namely two quick rotating flywheels, spinning around a common, verticalaxis. Kidds machine had a height of about 30 cm (one foot), and had asmall gasoline motor. In the first part of his book he gives a description ofwhat happened in his garage when he for the first time should start up hismachine. He had locked the door, wished his wife good night, and shesaid to him : Youve nothing to loose, Go on.

    His machine was hanged upp with spanners as balancing counterweights,and Kidd started the motor. The rotational speed could be regulated by the

    trottle, and the max.speed was about 9000 rpm. He increased the speed,step by step. What Kidd now experienced gave him a creepy feeling :His machine suddenly startet to arise to a certain level with a wail, fullychallenging gravity. Kidd loosened spans, one by one, unil he had removedabout 250 g (8 ounches) Then his machine started to lower.

    Kidds efforts to getting help for explanation and further development iswell described in his book, but no person, even highly qualified in physicscould give him any satisfactory explanation of his adventure.

    The interest for realizating my own idea wasfurther strengtened, but in quite a differentway than Kidd did. My two bicycle wheels wasof course used, beeing turned around byidentical sewing- machine motors. A third,some stronger motor turned the whole systemaround. Speed of motors could to some extentbe regulated. And my big clue was :

    The machinery rested on three bathroom

    scales !

    Would I get a glimpse into the mysteriousgyroscopic heaven like Kidd, or would it all go down to the dogs ?Ill tell you this now :

    I startet the wheels, got them spinning with moderate shaking. Liftingforces were still lying in wait. So motor C was gently started, continiouslyviewing my bathroom scales. The machinery began shaking, and thereading on scales became more and more blurred. The vertical axisspeed increased, and gradually I felt that a formidable crasch might occurat any moment. The scales was impossible to read off, due to the

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    vibrations. Of cours I colud let the whole ting go on to the bitter end, andexperienced a horrible and complete crash, but instead I resignated andstopped the show.Later on I have done some philosophy around these events. For the first:

    Had Kidd in his garage really observed what he describes ? Was it only free fantasy, or somerhing he only believed happened ? If he told the truth, why couldnt he later reproduce his experiment

    I find no reason to doubt when he tells about qualified persons tatements,that no one were able to disprove his observations.

    Kidd wrote about it : the device gave a final, excrutiating howl andglided upwards until it howered three inches above the worktopHe writed later the following : perhaps it had someting with harmonicresonans in the system to do .

    PerhapsKidds machine operated in a border land of physics when hismachine suddenly rised. At least two things lacks:

    A physical/matematic theori that could calculate necessary speedand material strength that appears.

    The choise of right materials, shape /construction .

    My little philosophy : Only a spinning giro can show us the right way to

    go, regardless to its surroundings. . They never mistakes in their strangeco-operation with inner structure of the universe, because their forces arepart of it.

    Did you ask what happened to my machine ? Sorry, it was disassambled,and no pictures were taken. Probably I felt a kind of shame. A picture ofthe sewing motors on the light-metal construction was however taken :

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    Skien, 21. mars 2009

    Kjell W. Tveten

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