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Transcript of Amateur Radio Satellites - Virginia Tech Amateur Radio ... · Amateur Radio Satellites Presented to...
Amateur Radio Satellites
Presented to Virginia Tech Amateur Radio Association
ByZach Leffke, KJ4QLP
March 26, 2014
December 12, 1961
Agenda
• The Satellites• Orbits and Stuff• Transponders• Currently Active Satellites
• The Ground Station• Antennas / Polarization• Tracking• Radios and Doppler• An Exchange
• Cool Extras• Useful Links• KickSat and its Sprites• You’re gonna do what…?• You’re gonna do WHAT!?!??!?!.......
The Satellites – What Are They?
images from: http://www.amsat.org & http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2011/10/live-delta-ii-launch-npp-satellite-nasa-and-noaa/
The Satellites – How Do they Get Into Space?
images from: https://directory.eoportal.org/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/a/aerocube-3http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2011/10/live-delta-ii-launch-npp-satellite-nasa-and-noaa/
ISS Cubesat DeploymentNov 19 & 20, 2013
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RaiQFyybWv8
https://twitter.com/TechEdSat3p
(4 Cubesats)
Minotaur I Launch, Wallops Flight FacilityMission: ORS-3, NASA ELaNa IV
Images From: https://directory.eoportal.org/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/o/ors-3http://www.space.com/23646-ors3-rocket-launch-satellites-description.html
29 Satellites (14 Cubesats)November 20, 2013
DNEPR Launch, Yasny RussiaMultiple International Missions
Image from: http://ukamsat.files.wordpress.com/2013/11/nader-omer-st2nh-dnepr-launch-2013-11-21.jpg
32 Satellites (27 Cubesats)Nov 21, 2013
DNEPR Payload Integration
Image from: http://move.lrt.mw.tum.de/?paged=2
DNEPR Satellite Deployment
Image is a snapshot from an STK Simulation from: http://celestrak.com/events/dnepr.asp
UniSat-5
Image from: http://move.lrt.mw.tum.de/?paged=2
UniSat-5
Pocket CubesatsEagle-1Eagle-2QBScoutWren
CubeSatsDove-4HUMSAT-DICube-1PUCPSAT-1
PocketPUCP
Orbits – What’s an orbit and why do I care?
images from: http://www.phil-mont.org/AO40/AO40Notes.html
• DOPPLER SHIFT • TRACKING
AMSAT Phase System
Phase 1 No Solar Cells, Short Lived, Tech testbed
Phase 2 Long Life, Solar Cells, LEO
Phase 3 Long Life, Powerful Comms, TLM/Command, Molniya Orbits
Phase 4 Geostationary Orbit
Phase 5 Lunar or Planetary Missions
Satellite TranspondersFM and Linear
images from: http://www.arissat1.org/v3/
Currently Active Amateur Radio Satellites(That you can make a QSO with)
JAS-2 (FO-29)
Uplink: 145.900 – 145.999
Downlink: 435.900 – 435.800
Beacon: 435.7964 CW Beacon
HAMSAT (VO-52)
Uplink: 435.225 – 435.275 LinearInvertingDownlink: 145.925 – 145.875
Beacon: 145.860 CW Beacon
FunCube-1 (AO-73), 300 mW
Uplink: 435.150 – 435.130 LinearInvertingDownlink: 145.950 – 145.970
Beacon: 145.935 1200bps BPSK
Phase-2B (AO-7)
Uplink: 432.125 – 432.175 LinearInvertingDownlink: 145.975 – 145.925
Beacon: 145.970 CW Beacon
Currently Active Amateur Radio Satellites(That you can make a QSO with)
SaudiSat-1c (SO-50)
Uplink: 145.850 FMTone, 67.0 HzDownlink: 436.795
ISS
Packet: 437.550 U/D
APRS: 145.825 U/D
Uplink: 144.490 FM Voice
Downlink: 145.800
Coming Soon in an orbit near you……….
Delfi-N3xt (in orbit)
Uplink: 435.530 – 435.570 LinearInvertingDownlink: 145.880 – 145.920
Beacon/TLM: 145.870/145.930/2405.000 2400bps BPSK,MSK
Triton-1 (in orbit)
Uplink: 435.xxx LinearInvertingDownlink: 145.822/860
Beacon/TLM: 2408.000 1200bps RC-BPSK
Coming Soon to an orbit near you……….
QB50p1 (Launch: June-2014)
Uplink: 435.035 – 435.065, LSB LinearInvertingDownlink: 145.935 – 145.965, USB
Beacon/TLM: 145.815 9600bps BPSK
UKube-1 (Launch: March 30, 2014)
Telemetry: 145.840
S-Band: 2401.0
UKSEDS: 437.425 – 437.525 myPocketQub
FC-Uplink: 435.080 – 435.060 FunCube SubsytemLinear InvertingFC-Downlink: 145.930 – 145.950
FC-Beacon: 145.915 1200bps BPSK
Fox-1a (Launch: Late 2014/Early 2015)
Uplink: 435.160 FM, 500 mW
Downlink: 145.960
Beacon/TLM: Sub-Audible Tones
Agenda
• The Satellites• Orbits and Stuff• Transponders• Currently Active Satellites
• The Ground Station• Antennas / Polarization• Tracking• Radios and Doppler• An Exchange
• Cool Extras• Useful Links• KickSat and its Sprites• You’re gonna do what…?• You’re gonna do WHAT!?!??!?!.......
That’s all great but how do I play with them?
Short Answer:• You need to be a Ham • You need an antenna• You need to know where to point the antenna• You need a radio• you need to know how to tune the radio• you need to know how to do a proper exchange
THAT’S IT!
The Ground Station
The Ground Station
Low Noise Amplifier
Antenna
RadioCoax
The Ground Station
Low Noise Amplifier
TX Antenna
Radio
PowerAmplifier
RX Antenna
Low Noise Amplifier
TX Antenna
RadioDiplexer
PowerAmplifier
RX Antenna
OR
The Ground Station
70cmAntenna
Radio
Diplexer
2mAntenna
LNA HPA
LNA HPA
2m70 cm
COM
TX / RX Sequencer
PTT
The Ground StationI’m a Ham, what’s good enough?
images from: http://www.jerryclement.ca/Electronics/Ham-Radio/10282516_i3Q8b/2/1172801879_4Ez3J#!i=1172801879&k=nttPXHk
…sometimes…
Photo Courtesy: images from: http://sv1bsx.50webs.com/antenna-pol/polarization.html <- AWESOME ANIMATION
=Vertical
Horizontal RHCP
LHCP
OR
Antennas – Polarization
Sense Selectable Circular PolarizationOne way to do it
λ 4 , 75Ω
100Ω 100Ω
λ 4 , 95Ω~50Ω
50Ω 50Ω
R. Straw. Antenna Systems for Space Communications. “The ARRL Antenna Handbook”, CT: American Radio Relay League, 2000, 19-9 to 19-13.
Antennas – Omni
images from: Qudrifilar Helix: http://www.nemarc.org/wa3umc/wa3umc.htmMoxon Pair and Turnstile: A Simple Fixed Antenna for VHF/UHF Satellite Work by L.B. Cebik, W4RNL
Antennas – Omni
Lindenblad images from: An EZ-Lindenblad Antenna for 2 Meters by Anthony Monteiro, AA2TX Eggbeater Images from: http://store.fastcommerce.com/m2incshopcom/satpack-1-eb144-eb432-crossboom-ff8081812f4359f1012fb1bbff7f5354-p.html
Antennas - Directional
images from: http://www.arrowantennas.com/arrowii/146-437.htmlhttp://www.elkantennas.com/
ELK Antennas, 2M/440L5(No diplexer required)
Antennas – Directional
Photos From: http://www.qsl.net/sv1bsx/antennapol/polarization.html
RHCP Helical – Polarization fixed by geometry of antenna
Crossed Yagis (70cm and 2m) – Polarization sense can be switched through phasing lines and relays
Antennas - Tracking
70cmCrossed Yagi
Elevator
Rotator
Thrust Bearing
2mCrossed Yagi
Antennas – TrackingThe way I used to do it
Orbitron(More later)
WISP DDE(More later)
GS-232Or
EquivalentG-5500
Radio
RotatorElevator
Antennas and stuff
Az/El
Tuning
Antennas – Tracking SoftwareOrbitron example
Image: Screen Shot of Orbitron 3.71 SoftwareOrbitron is free software created by Sebastian Stoff,
Doppler Shift
http://www.stoff.pl/
Antennas – TrackingTLEs + SGP4 = AZ, EL, Doppler Shift
JAS-2 (FO-29)
1 24278U 96046B 12275.30409075 -.00000010 00000-0 22741-4 0 9456
2 24278 98.5875 2.0859 0351019 114.5644 249.2498 13.52989730796305
TECHSAT 1B (GO-32)
1 25397U 98043D 12275.33976110 -.00000050 00000-0 -38721-5 0 8876
2 25397 98.3751 248.8929 0001446 14.6220 345.5013 14.23294845739128
SEDSAT 1 (SO-33)
1 25509U 98061B 12275.82168182 .00000787 00000-0 14667-3 0 3339
2 25509 31.4309 90.1928 0351449 56.4291 306.9401 14.28826663727910
ISS (ZARYA)
1 25544U 98067A 12276.46198043 .00019552 00000-0 34226-3 0 3966
2 25544 51.6486 308.2918 0018276 123.2706 15.1801 15.50442927794687
PCSAT (NO-44)
1 26931U 01043C 12275.85437241 .00000013 00000-0 37143-4 0 1493
2 26931 67.0526 205.4155 0006266 248.7547 111.2863 14.29836102574495
SAUDISAT 1C (SO-50)
1 27607U 02058C 12275.25660586 .00001210 00000-0 20295-3 0 8783
2 27607 64.5597 332.2084 0076067 227.2995 132.1640 14.72543389525582
CUTE-1 (CO-55)
1 27844U 03031E 12276.01537007 .00000182 00000-0 10376-3 0 4753
2 27844 98.7024 282.8533 0008907 276.8487 83.1704 14.21081066480064
CUBESAT XI-IV (CO-57)
1 27848U 03031J 12275.54499152 .00000271 00000-0 14546-3 0 4248
2 27848 98.7114 281.7720 0008866 282.9418 77.0772 14.20825882479932
http://www.celestrak.com/NORAD/elements/
T1 – Received Frequency higher than “nominal” frequency
T2 – Received Frequency equals “nominal” frequency
T3 – Received Frequency lower than “nominal” frequency
HIGHER
DEAD ON
LOWER
Photo Courtesy of: http://www.tpub.com/content/et/14090/css/14090_19.htm
Doppler Shift
Photo Courtesy of: http://www.tpub.com/content/et/14090/css/14090_19.htm
Doppler Shift
A Satellite ExchangeCall Sign, 4 Digit Grid
How to find Grid locator?Grid: http://f6fvy.free.fr/qthLocator/fullScreen.php
HAM A: K4KDJHAM B: K4KDJ, K8YSE EN91HAM A: K8YSE, copy your EN91, please copy my EM97HAM B: K4KDJ, copy your EM97, QSL 73sHAM A: QSL, 73s
Or maybe…………….HAM A: KJ4QLPHAM B: KJ4QLP, K8YSE EN91HAM A: KJ4QLP, copy you EN91, please copy my EM97, the handle here is ZachHAM B: KJ4QLP, copy your EM97, handle here is JohnHAM A: Thanks for the contact John, 73sHAM B: QSL, 73s, and good luck
Agenda
• The Satellites• Orbits and Stuff• Transponders• Currently Active Satellites
• The Ground Station• Antennas / Polarization• Tracking• Radios and Doppler• An Exchange
• Cool Extras• Useful Links• KickSat and its Sprites• You’re gonna do what…?• You’re gonna do WHAT!?!??!?!.......
Useful Links – Articles and Useful InfoThat I’ve found over time
Articles & Useful Info
AMSAT-NA Homepage: http://ww2.amsat.org/ Antennas, Tracking Pedestals
AMSAT-UK HomePage: http://amsat-uk.org/ Lots of Stuff
DK3WN SatBlog: http://www.dk3wn.info/p/?page_id=29535 Active Sats + More
JE9PEL Frequency List: http://www.ne.jp/asahi/hamradio/je9pel/satslist.htm Satellite Frequency/Modes
W6PQL: http://www.w6pql.com/ Hardware
OZ9AEC: http://www.oz9aec.net/ Software
Grid Locator http://f6fvy.free.fr/qthLocator/fullScreen.php Grids
AMSAT Space Symposium:When: October 10 -12, 2014Where: Baltimore-Washington Area, TBDCost: ~$50 - $100 (Symposium & Banquet, not counting hotel)More info: http://ww2.amsat.org/?page_id=1555
Useful Links - Equipment
EQUIPMENT
M2 Antennas: http://www.m2inc.com/ Antennas, Tracking Pedestals
DX Engineering: http://www.dxengineering.com/ Lots of Stuff
Texas Towers: https://www.texastowers.com/ Antennas
Advanced Receiver Research: http://www.advancedreceiver.com/ LNAs
Arrow Antennas: http://www.arrowantennas.com/ Antennas
ELK Antennas: http://www.elkantennas.com/ Antennas
Down East Microwave: http://www.downeastmicrowave.com/ Transverters, LNAs, HPAs
Kuhne Electronics: http://www.kuhne-electronic.de/en/home.html Transverters, LNAs, HPAs
Ettus Research: http://www.ettus.com/ USRP SDRs
Flex Radio: http://www.flex-radio.com/ Flex Radio SDRs
Universal Radio: http://www.universal-radio.com/ TONS of Stuff (rotators)
FunCube Dongle: http://www.funcubedongle.com/ RX Only SDR Dongle
Useful Links - Software
SOFTWARE
Orbitron: http://www.stoff.pl/ Windows Satellite tracking software
Predict: http://www.qsl.net/kd2bd/predict.html Linux Satellite Tracking Software
Gpredict: http://gpredict.oz9aec.net/ Linux Graphical Satellite Tracking Software
Systems (Satellite) Tool Kit: https://www.agi.com/ Orbital Analysis Software
4NEC2: http://www.qsl.net/4nec2/ Antenna Modelling
GNU-Radio: http://gnuradio.org/redmine/projects/gnuradio/wiki
RTL-SDR: http://sdr.osmocom.org/trac/wiki/rtl-sdr
KickSat and its Sprites
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I7xvQgClMf0
Images and Info From: http://amsat-uk.org/tag/kicksat/
Sprite Details:• Count: 104 Sprites• 437.240 MHz• 10mW• MSK/CDMA (50K0G1D)• GNU-Radio G/S SW available• PRNs available
KickSat Details: • 437.505 MHz with 1200 AFSK / AX.25• Output Power: 1W • SpaceX Falcon 9 CRS3 Mission (March 30, 2014)• 325×315 km 51.5 degree inclination• Estimating 6 week lifetime• 2401.2-2436.2 MHz AX.25 over FSK (350KF1D )
You’re Gonna do what…?The first Phase 4 Satellite
Image and Data from: http://ww2.amsat.org/
Transponder A:• 2.4 GHz Uplink• 10.45 GHz Downlink• 250 kHz Linear inverting
Transponder B:• 2.4 GHz Uplink• 10.45 GHz Downlink• 8 MHz, experimental
Thank you Qatar ARS & AMSAT-DL
You’re Gonna do WHAT!?!?!?!?!?!?!?.......…The first potential Phase 5 Satellites
1. Communications Challenge:1. Ground demonstration of communications subsystem performance and acceptance for
launch vehicle integration.2. The highest data volume (bit error corrected) transmitted from and uplinked to a CubeSat
within a prescribed period of time from at least 356,700 km (the minimum distance to the moon).
3. The transmission of a prescribed small data set to the farthest distance beyond the moon and back to Earth.
Interesting Note: CANNOT make use of NASA DSN.
2. Propulsion Challenge:1. Ground demonstration of propulsion subsystem performance and acceptance for launch
vehicle integration.2. The first CubeSat to achieve a verifiable lunar orbit.3. Verifiable achievement of at least a prescribed minimum number of lunar orbits.
NASA RFI:• https://www.fbo.gov/index?s=opportunity&mode=form&id=ec040a31b16194f877d1034ccefdda40&tab=core&_cview=0• http://sservi.nasa.gov/articles/centennial-challenges-now-accepting-public-submissions/
NASA’s Centennial Challenge: Small Spacecraft…to the Moon
Questions ?