Alpha Eritrean Engineers Magazine 2014 August Issue

5/20/2018 Alpha Eritrean Engineers Magazine 2014 August Issue

AEEC | October 2011 1

Alpha Eritrean Engineers MagazineAUGUST 2014

VOL 5NO. 2

DOING WELL WHILE DOING GOOD FOR SELAM KIDS SOCCER CLUB

RECYCLING ENHANCING THE PROPRIETIES OF SCRAP TIRES THROUGH POLYMER BLEN

ENGINEERS WEEK &AEEM 4THANNIVERSARY

LIST OF ENGINEERING OPPORTUNITIES

AEEC

AEEC celebrated

Engineers week

on Sunday

February 16that

MLK located in

Oakland CA


AEEC | August 2014 1

CONTENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS

DOING WELL WHILE DOING GOOD FOR

OAKLAND ERITREAN KIDS SOCCER CLUB

BYMUSSIE MANNA

RECYCLING ENHANCING THE PROPRIETIES OF

SCRAP TIRES THROUGH POLYMER BLEND

BY FEVEN MATTEWS

ENGINEERS WEEK&AEEM4THANNIVERSARY

BY YOSIEF WOLDEMARIAM

JOB OPPORTUNITIES

BYFILIPOSABRAHAM &

- YOSIEF WOLDEMARIAM

EDITORS

SEBLE GEBREMEDHIN,M.S.IN

PSYCHOLOGY

DR.ADIAM WOLDEGERGISH,PH.DINMOLECULAR BIOLOGY

SAMSON GONNETZ,B.A.IN

CIVIL ENGINEERING

FILIPOSABRAHAM,M.S,IN

SOFTWARE ENGINEERING AND

YOSIEF WOLDEMARIAM,B.A.IN

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING



A Message from one of the editors

In order to understand where we are heading, it sometimes helps to take a look at where we

have been. While Alpha Eritrean Engineers Magazine is a relatively young, it has an

abundant and colorful history of publishing informative, inspiring and educational

magazines. So far, the ALPHA team consistently brought you diverse engineering topics.

The number of Alpha Eritrean Engineering Magazines (AEEM) we have published over the

years have been read by thousands of people here in USA and around the globe. Knowing

people have vested interest in Alpha magazine and reading constructive comments have

given us particular satisfaction.

Here is something delightful I learned from the popularity of ALPHA magazines: You, the

Alpha Eritrean Engineers Magazine readership have an enthusiasm not only the audacity ofAlpha engineers and their positive energy infused articles but also the untapped and untold

worthy reading history of professionals other than in the field of engineering. We have

sought to nourish your enthusiasm and who else would do that other than talented and

highly accomplished with exceptionally strong research background Dr. Medhanit Bahta.

We will have Dr. Medhanit on the next issue as for now we present you Engineer Mussie, an

organizer and positive force of Oakland Eritrean kids soccer club and Engineer Fevens

article. An article and pictographic depiction of National Engineers week and Alpha

magazines 4thyear anniversary dinner party held at MLK restaurant & sports bar with none

other than Eritrean Engineers of Bay Area is also included in this edition.

We have no doubt you, our readers will feel your genuine and sincere comments are heardand we are delivering what is expected of us with August 2014 AEEM issue. We have often

believed and said Alpha Eritrean Engineers Magazine is the most positive and optimistic

magazine and I feel nothing but it will inspire, inform, educate and at times entertain you.

The ALPHA team constantly brings you not whats trending on the Internet; but those who

are making constructive contributions to themselves, to the community and the world at

large.

To those who worked diligently and thoroughly throughout the years to publish an online

engineering magazine contributing their articles, those who helped us in editing each and

every article to make it better and presentable and to those who are generous in comments,

ideas and wisdom, we would like to say thank and congratulation for making Alpha Eritrean

Engineers Magazine possible, popular and global.

Sincerely yours,

Yosief Woldemariam



DOING WELL WHILE DOING GOOD

First and foremost we would like

to thank you for accepting our

invitation for this conversation

and your participatory time with

Alpha

Alpha: Would you briefly tell us

about yourself?

Mussie: My name is Mussie Manna, however people

call me Wedi Manna, I currently reside in San

Francisco, California.

Alpha: Where did you grow up and what was it

like growing up where you did?

Mussie: I grew up in Asmara at a place called

Maywolaku. In this region, it has been said; some

well-known soccer players have grown up. I can

describe Maywolaku as been a loving and peaceful

neighborhood to grow up in.

Alpha: Any memory or memories of the place or

time that stand out?

Mussie: Maywolaku is a nice neighborhood and its

inhabitance are very united in every occasion thatoccurs. The best memory I have growing up in

Maywolaku is winning a soccer championship

tournament in Lassalle, a tournament which is held

around the neighborhood called kebele.

Alpha: Which college or university did you attend?

Mussie: I attended Asmara University for two

semesters as an extension student. I then had the

opportunity to go to America for schooling to study

Civil Engineering at Alabama A&M University. While

attending school I received an Athletics scholarshipand played soccer for four years. The school was

giving me a scholarship which helped me pay

tuitions, books and food expenses.

Alpha: Tell us what you like and dislike the m

of Alabama A&M University (college) life

Mussie: I would say I really liked college life

general. The only thing I was not happy about

that I was lonely, especially during the holid

when parents came to pick up their sons

daughters. I didn't have that, and thats when I fe

Alpha: What have you learned at Alabama A

University other than what the instituti

teaches you?

Mussie: The transition from being a young boy t

adult was something I learned. The responsibili

are all on you in college. Especially being

international student, I had to make daily deci

which taught me who I really am. There are m

things that you learn while living on your own.

Alpha: What are your best and worst memorie

University of Alabama A&M University?

Mussie: One of the best memories I have is thesoccer scholarship I was given and being able to

soccer for the school. Playing soccer allowed m

travel and play in different states. The w

memory was when I first arrive to the campus it

at night and my coach had to drop me off at

boys dorm. The next day when it was time to

breakfast, I asked someone where the cafeteria

and they pointed to a sign but I could not find it.

went back to my room and I did it again for Lu

and dinner. Because I could not find the cafete

the whole day, I ate Kolo that I brought withfrom home and a soda. The next day my coach ca

to pick me up for practice and I told him I am not

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going to practice because I am hungry and need to

eat. To make the long stories short, I told him what

happened and how I could not find the cafeteria and

the coach share my story with the players.

Alpha: We have heard that you like interacting

with kids and have initiated in starting an

Eritrean kids soccer tournament (SelamSoccer Club) in Alameda. Could you please

tell us why and how it started and the

challenges you have had to overcome?

Mussie: Being a soccer player and having the

passion for the game, I always want to be a coach.

So, I decided to be a coach along with my friend

Mohamed who is a coaching director. He invited me

to coach, with pay, and I decided to do it. The

regions I coached in were Lomorinda Soccer Club

located in Moraga, Lafayette, and Orinda area. Icoached for six years, two days a week plus games

on the weekend. The time I spent coaching was after

my regular work hours. Throughout the years that I

have coached I never had any habesha kid playing

soccer and I always wondered why? There are many

habesha's around the Bay Area but no one

participated in this wonderful sport. After coaching

for about two years I met an Eritrean family living in

Concord whose daughter played against our team

and she was a very good soccer player. I asked her

parents to come play on my team but due todistance and commuting difficulties she was not

able to join our team. Thus, having not seen young

Eritreans like her made me think the big question of

why not have an Eritrean youth team. Since I have

the experience and desire, I discussed it with friends

and the rest is History. There are challenges of

having a team but we have a fantastic group helping

tackle all the challenges. Overall having this club has

been a blessing.

Alpha: why in Alameda?

Mussie: When we first started the team, most of the

members resided in Alameda. Alameda has a great

open space and soccer field than any other c

around.

Alpha: How many kids did you have when started?

Mussie: We start with 12 kids.

Alpha: Why that many? Was it difficult to conv

people at the beginning?

Mussie: People follow what they see, not what

tell them. To a lot of people it stared out as a j

and was said that it's not going to last. But, w

they saw the progress of the children others sta

coming and asking us if they can join. This typical human behavior to everyone at first

when they see the result everyone want to be pa

it.

Alpha: we believe you are doing well while do

good nurturing the kids. How many

are you currently training?

Mussie: We have 6 teams in different age group

U10, 2/U12, U13G, and U13. Overall we have

total Selam member of 63 children. We also hnon-members practicing with us just only for ga

purpose.

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Alpha: How does it feel to see your idea grow this

much and the improvement you have seen

in the kidssoccer skills?

Mussie: Outstanding!!! It feels great.

I also want to mention how this idea begins and

why. I had mentioned the why part in the previous

question but how the idea came to life is veryinteresting. The whole idea started because of Lily

Hagos as we talked over Lunch at her restaurant

called Athenian, in Downtown Oakland. Lili is a

good friend of the family who is godly, has a positive

attitude towards life and is always helping people.

Her husband Fitsum Worrede, is one of the Board

Member to Selam club. Having the soccer teams is a

fantastic idea and it helps our community especially

the kids. The way it grew was very surprising to all

of us. When we started, most of the kids were 3 and

4 years old and now they are 10 and 11 years old. It

is amazing and priceless the development over time

in their soccer ability, maturity, confidence and

health.

Alpha: If any Eritrean family would like their

children to join the soccer team what do

they need to do?

Mussie: It's a simple process. If they are invited by a

member of the team the instructions are given at the

field. If invitees are asked by the coaches they will

give them the instruction. Invitees are allowed three

free practices to get to know the players and parents

along with all the coaches and active members. After

three practices the coaches discuss and evaluate

which age group need more player and decide based

on the interest of the family and the child. Most of

the time, the players qualify but sometimes we do

not add them into a team because we do not want to

have too many kids in one team. If the team is too

large we may not get the result that we want to

have.

Alpha: Would you like to share with us the n

for these procedures?

Mussie: It's always good to have rules. It makes

coachs job easy and provides a productive result

what one do.

Alpha: What do you see in the future for soctraining?

Mussie: I see bright future for the kids. T

confidence level is high and they are aware of w

they are culturally and spiritually. It's not only sp

that is being taught but also discipline, respect,

how to become a better citizen.

Alpha: Back to your personal story. How long h

you been in America and how differen

it from the place you grew up? Would

tell us the pluses and minus of

adapted country?

Mussie: I have been in the U.S. for 24 years.

difference between U.S. and Eritrea is big, cultur

and socially. To name few, family value I believe

better in Eritrea. But there are more opportuni

here such as the educational system, healthcare,

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better life standard and job opportunity. As

individuals I feel no one should take this for granted

but we can use this great opportunity to better our

family life and beyond.

Alpha: Are you currently married or single?

Mussie: I am married and have two wonderfulchildren, Ahewa Manna and Bassan Manna both 10

years old.

Alpha: How do you juggle both family and

profession as an engineer?

Mussie: As long as you like what you do, it's all

good. And with the support of my lovely wife, she

makes life even better.

Alpha: How is life here in America as a Father and

an Engineer?

Mussie: It's great. Life is what you make of it and a

positive attitude always helps.

Alpha: Were you familiar with Alpha Eritrean

Engineers Community before we

approached you for this interview?

Mussie: Yes, I met Yosief (one of the organizer)

through a family member. We got to know e

other as we talked about life and him telling me

he is an engineer. Through our discussion

mentioned Alpha Engineer and that's how I kn

about AEEC.

Alpha: What is your take on it?

Mussie: I think it is a great idea to have this typ

an organization, and exchanging ideas within

same profession. Who knows what will come ou

this, it's always good to discuss with purpose, a

believe this is one of them.

Alpha: Have you read any of the online magaz

Alpha published?

Mussie: Yes, I have.

Alpha: What do you think of Alpha magazine?

Mussie: Great idea and keep up the good work.

Alpha: How many articles in a magazine have

read?

Mussie: Maybe two and I have just went throug

couple more but didn't read much.

Alpha: What is your impression of the engine

articles you have read so far?

Mussie: I do not remember the exact details bu

about a young Eritrean lady growing up here in

US. She was not an engineer but studied busin

and the discussion was how she became what sh

doing and what challenges she had in pursuing

education. Next time I will read more, I promise.

Alpha: Would you tell us the importance of AE

magazine?

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Mussie: AEEM is a very important information

center concentrating on Eritrean professionals

around the world that are within the Engineering

field. Everybody wants know how Eritreans are

doing in their professional field and how they are

making a difference within their communities. I

think this is such a profound idea and I wish AEEM

the best. Success is not about making more money,but about making a difference in someone else life.

Thank you may God Bless you for what you do.

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Bringing the bestand the bri htesttogether

Hard to reach doesnt have to mean hard to

Alpha Eritrean Engineers Community

will be holding its second dinner party

on 26thof October at MLK Restaurant

and Sports Bar located at 3860 Martin

Luther King Jr Way, Oakland, CA 94609.

You are invited. Join us. Be amongst

your peers. Let us know if you are

coming [email protected]
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]



n e gence s e a r ver: e eeper s, e ess no se ma es

Unknown

It was great to meet you yesterday, and I had a wonderful time meeting the

others. I truly enjoyed the meeting. I only have one feedback: I would like to

see a regular get together (either every 2 months or less), and probably

should have been part of the agenda yesterday.

Once again thank you for your hard work. I look forward to more meetings

and get together.

Dr. Temesghen Kahsai, Software engineer, PHD

Thank you very much for inviting me for this wonderful gathering. It was

fantastic getting together with fellow engineers under one roof and share

ideas and experience. In general it was very well organized and productive

for me as it is my first one. Next time may be it is good to have an agenda in

writing and sent before the meeting and strictly follow the time allocated

for each subject (like dinner time, introduction time etc.) We may need to

get more Engineers involved in this because I know there are a lot more

engineers in Silicon Valley than anywhere else.

ScientistAmanuel Gebrebrhan, Software engineer

ALPHA ERITREAN ENGINEERS

Comments & Suggestions

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http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/219075.Franklin_D_Roosevelthttp://www.goodreads.com/author/show/219075.Franklin_D_Roosevelthttp://www.facebook.com/n/?sekafino&mid=795bb85G4aa1e1bdG4b5949bGe&bcode=1.1361821271.AblF9gVwKlDdpHN2&n_m=meharigrw%40yahoo.comhttp://www.linkedin.com/e/rah62f-hi4ecmgh-5a/fpg/232483803/eml-comm_mebc-b-name-1to1email/?hs=false&tok=0VUFdjktpDQRM1http://www.linkedin.com/e/rah62f-hi4ecmgh-5a/fpg/232483803/eml-comm_mebc-b-name-1to1email/?hs=false&tok=0VUFdjktpDQRM1http://www.facebook.com/n/?sekafino&mid=795bb85G4aa1e1bdG4b5949bGe&bcode=1.1361821271.AblF9gVwKlDdpHN2&n_m=meharigrw%40yahoo.comhttp://www.facebook.com/n/?sekafino&mid=795bb85G4aa1e1bdG4b5949bGe&bcode=1.1361821271.AblF9gVwKlDdpHN2&n_m=meharigrw%40yahoo.comhttp://www.goodreads.com/author/show/219075.Franklin_D_Roosevelt



I was born in Jeddah Saudi Arabia,

on October 1990. I moved to Eritreawith my family in 1995. I got a

chance to learn more about my

traditions, culture, my language and

had the privilege of attendingelementary and middle school at the

Finland Mission. I attended two years

high school in Kenya and thencompleted the remainder two years in Saudi Arabia. I

then attended college in Malaysia as an undergraduate

where I completed my degree in Chemical Engineering

at University College Sedaya International, UCSIUniversity. Throughout my studies I was able to

maintain exemplary academic results and this would not

have been possible without the everlasting support of

my parents, who are my INSPIRATION. I still plan topursue my graduate program in the future for a PhD, as I

am a great believer of continued learning.

As for now, it is a privilege and a great honour for me to

share this article which I have written for Alpha Eritrean

Engineers Magazine.

INTRODUCTION

Tires are made from natural rubber, synthetic rubber,elastomers, polymers and other additives which highly

contribute in their ability to withstand the rigidity of theenvironment. Tires have high durability and hence aresafe when used in vehicles. The fact that tires cannot be

easily decomposed when disposed makes them the main

threat to the environment due to its continuous increasein demand. However, when scrap tires catch fire, they

release very toxic gases contributing to the greenhouse

effect.

The same distinctiveness that makes tires undesirable

for disposal makes them perfect for recycling and

reusing them for different applications including mats,carpets, moisture barriers, rubber-modified asphalts and

playgrounds. Consequently, to minimize the effect of

waste tire on the environment and use them for application, a greener way was established with the

of polymer blend.

This research endeavor to enhance the property of

waste tire through the technology of polymer blend

combining waste tire dust (WTD) with an elastomer is ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) in presence of bisph

a diglycidyl ether (BADGE) act as a compatibilizer.

blend is also irradiated in order to improve the crlinking between the components. Finally the effect

BADGE composition and irradiation dosage on

mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of

blend were analyzed. These procedures are summar

in figure 1.

BACKGROUND

The history of recycling materials started during

times of Plato in 400 BC. It was not until 19 thand

centuries the need for raw materials required

industrial development caused cheaper option of reuscrap materials rather than buying a new one. In

century, the main motivation of recycling mate

became the fact when natural resources were reducinquantity while emission of carbon dioxide

increasingly leading to the greenhouse effect. A per

example of justifying the objectives of recycling in

century is recycling of scrap tires.

Alexander Parkes discovered polymer blend duQueen Victoria 9th year reign. During this period,

isomers which are cis-1,4-polyisoprene (natural rub

and rigid trans-1,4-polyisoprene (gutta percha) wblended. They were then softened in a mixture of

with SCl2and milled with SCl2in a hot rubber mill. T

product showed cross-linking taking place and

rigidity of the material varied with composition. A150 years, the fundamental behind polymer blend

not changed much. It is based on the selection

components with complementary properties,

generation of the desired, stable morphology by m

of compatibilization.

RECYCLING ENHANCING THE PROPRIETIES OF SCRAP TIRES THROUGH POLYMER BLEND~

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During 19th century, the polymer industry started dealing with rubber and thermosets. Subsequently, synth

polymers were introduced dominated by thermoplastics. The first thermoplastic produced had poor mecha

properties. Thus, it was blended with rubber to implement and enhance the rigidity of the thermoplastic to produ

high impact polystyrene an

In the 1960s, Allan Hay accidentally discovered polyphenylene ether when blending high impact polystyrene resulted in improving the processability of the material at a high temperature. In the 1980s, with the help of autom

industries the cost, paintability, solvent and scratch resistance was improved, in addition to mechanical propertie

processability. The growth in need of recycling polymers developed better technologies of blending over time.

Figure 1:Schematic flow of the process

OBJECTIVES FOR RECYCLING TIRES

Scrap tires are unsuitable for use due to wear and irreparable damage. There is no known method for tire di

without adverse effects. Hence, the recycling of polymers after their intended use continues to be an important su

having various advantages such as:

a. Reduces the amount of rubber produced in futureb. Prevent environmental pollution by reducing the production of greenhouse gases and mitigating global

warming effect

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c. Save energy as producing a raw material consumesconsiderable amount of energy resource

DESCRIPTION OF THE PROCEDURE

The scrap tires used in this research were grinded intodifferent sizes from 40 to 80 mesh. Generally, there are

many methods used to blend polymers such as meltmixing, solvent mixing, in-situ polymerization andmany more. In this research, the grinded tire was

blended with EVA through a melt mixing process using

Haake Rheomix Polydrive R600/610 machine.

EVA is copolymer of ethylene and Vinyl Acetate (VA).

The weight percentage of Vinyl Acetate affects the

rigidity of the polymer and can vary from 5 to 18 wt%.The lower the percentage of VA (5%) the more rigid the

end product will be. A higher the percentage of VA (15-

18%) produces a more flexible film having higherdegree of toughness and better elongation. Therefore, inthis research the EVA blended contained 15 wt% of VA

with a melting flow index of 1.478g/10min and a

density of 0.93 g/cm3.

The compatibilizer used that is BADGE, acts as a

lubricating agent during the blending process. In orderto analyze its effect on the blending process, the amount

of BADGE added varied from 0wt% to 5wt% with an

increment of 1wt% for each blend.

The blended sample was hot and cold pressed into 1mm,

3mm and 6mm sheets which were further cut into

BS6747, ASTM D256, and ASTM D2765 standardsrespectively. These standards are used for tensile,

impact and hardness testing respectively.

Later, the mechanical, thermal and morphological tests

were conducted on the blend to determine the effect of

the BADGE added and irradiation dosage applied.

PROPERTY TESTED

Polymer blend materials, imposed by the requirementsof specific application, must perform under exhausting

mechanical, chemical, thermal, and electrical conditiThe mechanical properties include tensile impact

hardness which play a major role in our everyday life

Mechanical behavior implies any reaction of

material when under mechanical stress result

deformation. Information obtained during mechan

tests of polymers, can determine how strong or stimaterial is, whether it is brittle or ductile, hard or

and if it can hold up well under constant stress.

I sti ll plan to pursue my graduate program in

fu tur e for a PhD, as I am a great beli ever of contin

learning.

Tensile properties: include young modumodulus 100, elongation percentage, and ten

strength. These properties determine howpolymer will react to forces applied du

tension. They are very important to determ

when dealing with materials that need to

stretched during application. They are greatly affected by temperature.

Impact properties:can be measured using icharpy, Gardner, tensile impact and many m

The results obtained from these impact testsbe used for material selection or quality contr

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Polymers are sensitive to stress concentration ata notch. The information obtained from this will

help to prevent designing of materials with polymers

that cannot withstand the required high stress

concentration at the edge or sharp corners.

Hardness properties: is measured using

Durometer test or Rockwell hardness test.Durometer test is used as an alternative forflexibility for the specification of elastomers.

The hardness value is determined by the

penetration of the Durometer indenter foot intothe sample.

Gel content property: provides a means ofcontrolling the process and rating the quality of

finished products. The degree of cross-linking is

resolute by measuring the swell and extractionoccurring in a solvent where the portion of the

polymer is not cross-linked.

Thermal properties or thermal analysis is a technique in

which a property of the sample is monitored against

time or temperature while the temperature of the samin a specified atmosphere is programmed. The ther

analysis techniques are categorized based on

variables they are designed to examine. The

techniques used in this research are:

Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)

defined as a technique in which heat flow sample and reference is measured as a func

of temperature. The sample is subjected controlled temperature program.

information obtained from this test

determines glass transition temperature,

capacity jump at the glass transition, meland crystallization temperatures, heat

reaction, characterization of thermosets

measurement of liquid crystal transitions.

Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA): is used to ob

the onset temperature of initial polymer weight loswell as the extent of oxidative effects or char format

It

Involves measurement of the weight gain or of a polymer as a function of temperature

time, and utilizes an extremely sens

electronic microbalance.

In polymer science, the word morphology meanform an organization on a size scale above the ato

arrangement but smaller than the size and shape ofwhole sample. The morphology of a polymer sampdetermined by a wide range of optical, electron

scanning probe microscopy techniques. In h

resolution and contrast are the major parametermicroscopy studies. Among many techniques, the

used during this research was scanning elec

microscopy (SEM).

Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM): isof the most versatile instruments available

the examination and analysis of microstructural characteristics of polymers. T

major reason for the SEM usefulness is the h

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resolution and large depth of field which is responsiblefor the three dimensional appearance of the specimen

image.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The main parameters affecting the property of the blend

of EVA and WTD, are the weight ratio of polymer and

compatibilizer blended, mixing time, blendingtemperature and particle size. Previous researchers have

studied the effect of weight ratio, temperature and time

to find out the optimum conditions for EVA:WTD(80:20) wt%, 140 oC and 10 mins. respectively.

In this research, how the particle size of WTD had

affected the mixing torque and tensile properties of theblend was examined. Torque can be related to resistance

of flow in which an increase in melting decreased the

viscosity hence reducing in what happens to the torque.

The sizes of WTD chosen for this study were 40 mesh

and 80 mesh. In comparison between the two, the torque

for 40 mesh gave a higher value indicating the blendingprocess was less viscous. This is because the finer the

size of the WTD, the more surfaces area provided for a

better homogeneity and distribution.When comparing the tensile properties, elongation %

and tensile strength favors 80 mesh whereas young

modulus and modulus 100 favoured 40 mesh. Generally,

80 mesh size is preferable, but the low availability of itcaused to proceed with 40 mesh size.

The EVA and WTD blend in presence of BADGE wasgreatly affected in its mechanical, thermal and

morphological properties by the irradiation dosage

applied and the ratio of BADGE added. The mechanicalproperties were seen to improve as the irradiation

dosage was increased from 0 kGy to 200 kGy except for

elongation percentage and impact properties. This is

because irradiation causes cross-linking between theblends hence encouraging brittle behavior. The presence

of a BADGE as a compatibilizer causes lubrication

effect within the blend. As a result, the mechanical

properties are seen to increase with increase of BADcomposition except for elongation percentage, im

and hardness properties.

The thermal and morphological properties of pure E

were improved by blending EVA with WTD.The stability of EVA and WTD blend was redu

when the ratio of BADGE and irradiation doincreased. The morphology of the impact samshowed the smooth cracking and homogeneity of

blend causing the impact property to reduce.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, it was seen that BADGE as a

compatibilizer does not accelerate the irradiation

induced cross-linking between EVA and WTD. Thi

being said, the EVA and WTD blend can be used fo

different R-resistant, ozone resistant applicationsincluding bottles, oil and gas ceiling as the

mechanical, thermal and morphological propertie

are improved.

Reference

1. L.A. Utracki, Compatibilization and RecyclingPolymer Blends. RAPRA technology Ltd, 2000, Ch 39, pp 9-28.

2. C. Sawyer, T. Grubb, and F. Meyers, Poly

Morphology and Polymer Characterization in PolyMicroscopy 3rded. Springer, Ch 1, pp 1-21.

3. J. Scheirs, Sample preparation, Thermal analysisMicroscopy of polymers in Compositional and FaiAnalysis of Polymers. John Wiley and Sons, Ltd, 2Ch 3-5, pp 37-107.

4. Thermal Analysis and Thermal PropertiesCharacterization and Failure Analysis of Plastics. AInternational, 2003, Ch 11, pp 115-142.

5. F. Ciardelli and S. Penczek, Processing for UltimProperties in Modification and Blending of Synth

and Natural Macromolecules. Kluwar AcadePublishers, 2003, Ch 10, pp 201-205.

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6. M.L. Robeson, Fundamentals of polymer blends,Compatibilization methods, Types of polymer blends,

7. and Properties of polymer blends in Polymer Blend. CarlHanser Verlag, 2007, Ch 2-4,6, pp 11- 250, 333-350.

8. J.E. Mark, B. Erman, and F.R. Eirich, Elastomer blends,Thermoplastic elastomers, Tire engineering andRecycling of Rubber in The Science and Technology of

Rubber 3rded. Elsevier Academic Press, 2005, Ch 12-15,pp 529-665.

9. Polymer blend technologies in Review of Science andTechnology in Escwa Member Countries Issue 4. UnitedNations, Ch 3, pp 28-31.

10. J.G. Drobny, Thermoplastic Elastomers Based onRecycled Rubber and Plastics in Handbook ofThermoplastic Elastomers. William Andrew Inc, 2007, Ch14, pp 277-280.

11. V. Mittal, J.K. Kim, K. Pal, Recycling of ElastomericNanocomposites in Recent Advances in ElastomericNanocomposites. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg,2011, Ch 2, pg 179-181.

12. W. Grellmann, S. Seidler, Mechanical Properties ofPolymers, in Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, 2007,Ch 4, pp 73-218.

13. Z.D. Cheng, Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry ofelastomers, Polymer degradation and Temperaturemoduluated Differential Scanning Calorimetry inHandbook of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. ElsevierScience B.V., 2002, Ch 13-14 and 16, pp 519-650 and 713-810.

14. H. Lobo and J.V. Bonilla, Thermogravimetric Analysis of

Polymers in Handbook of Plastics Analysis. MarcelDekker, Inc., 2003, Ch 4, pp 1-18.

15. G. Raju et al., Graft Copolymerization of Methyl Acrlateonto Oil Palm Empty fruit Bunch (OPEFB) Fiber journalof Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, Volume46, pp 949-955, 2007.

16. I. Banik, A.K. Bhowmick, Effect of electron beamirradiation on the properties of crosslinked rubbersjournal of Radiation Physics and Chemistry, Volume 58,pp 293-298, 2000.

17. D. De et al., Reclaiming of ground rubber tire (GRT) by

18. novel reclaiming agent journal of European PolymerJournal, Volume 42, pp 917-927, 2006.

19. R.L. Clough, High-energy radiation and polymers: A

review of commercial processes and emerapplications journal of Nuclear Instruments Methods in Physics Research, Volume 185, pp 8-33, 2

20. KIM ET AL.,THERMAL PROPERTIES OF AGRO-FLOUR-FILLED

BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER BIO-COMPOSITESJOURNAL OFTHERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY,VOLUME 81,PP 29

306,2005.

21. C.K.HSU,THERMAL DECOMPOSITION PROPERTIES OF POLYMFIBERSJOURNAL OF THERMOCHIMICA ACTA,VOLUME 392-3PP 163-167,2002.

22.

J.FROHLICH ET AL.,THE EFFECT OF FILLER-FILLER AND FILLELASTOMER INTERACTION ON RUBBER REINFORCEMENTJOURNAL OF COMPOSITES:PART A,VOLUME 36,PP 449-460

2005.

23.

M.TAMADA ET AL.,CROSSLINKING OF POLYVINYLCARBAZOLWITH ELECTRON BEAM IRRADIATIONJOURNAL OF RADIATIOPHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY,VOLUME 54,PP 409-411,1999.

24. YANG ET AL.,THERMAL PROPERTIES OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC

FILLER-THERMOPLASTIC POLYMER BIO-COMPOSITESJOURNOF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY,VOLUME 82,PP

157-160,2005.

25. Z.MOHAMAD ET AL.,CHARACTERIZATION OF EPOXIDIZED

NATURAL RUBBER/ETHYLENE VINYL ACETATE (ENR-50/E

BLEND:EFFECT OF BLEND RATIOJOURNAL OF APPLIED

POLYMER SCIENCE,VOLUME 99,PP 1504-1515,2006.

26.

Z.A.ANIS ET AL.,PERFORMANCE OF IRRADIATED ANDCROSSLINKED ETHYLENE VINYL ACETATE/WASTE TIRE DUS

BLENDJOURNAL OF ELASTOMERS AND PLASTICS,VOLUME 4PP 239-256,2011.

27.

A.BHATIA ET AL.,COMPATIBILITY OF BIODEGRADABLE POL(LACTIC ACID)(PLA)AND POLY (BUTYLENE SUCCINATE)(PB

BLENDS FOR PACKAGING APPLICATIONJOURNAL OF KOREA-

AUSTRALIA RHEOLOGY,VOLUME 19,PP 125-131,2007.

28. Z.A.ANIS ET AL.,EFFECT OF MIXING CONDITIONS ON THE

TENSILE PROPERTIES OF ETHYLENE VINYL ACETATE/WAST

TIRE DUST (EVA/WTD)BLENDJOURNAL OF POLYMER-PLASTICS TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING,VOLUME 48,PP

1139-1142,2009.

29. B.A.IBRAHIM ET AL.,INFLUENCE OF POLYMER BLENDING O

MECHANICAL AND THERMAL PROPERTIESIN JOURNAL MOD

APPLIED SCIENCE,VOLUME 4,PP 157-161,2010.

~ Engineer Feven Mathews

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ENGINE

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AEEC

An artist gazes upon a reality and creates his ow

impression. A viewer gazes upon the impression an

creates his own reality.~Robert Braul

ritrea purely magnificent

delightful streets of asmera



I have been to many events that

are very delightful and worthy

of my time and effort. But some

are simply the best. They have

special meaning and

undoubtedly leave a pleasantlylong lasting impression. The

party I attended on February 16,

2014 celebrating National

Engineers week and the fourth anniversary of Alpha

Eritrean Engineers Magazine was certainly amongst one

of the very best. Since its inception and in celebrating

National Engineers week, it has always been in the

minds of many like-minded individuals to gather, in the

same room, to share not only delicious food but also

have constructive dialog and discussion of professional

life experiences with respect.

The Alpha Eritrean Engineers in the Bay Areas were

particularly pleased to host this party since it

represented a dream that has taken many years to come

to fruition. The idea began, way back in 2008, while

attending San Francisco State University. A few of us

likeminded professionals gathered regularly, shared and

along the way helped each other discuss our experiences

constructively and regularly. Similar gatherings with

few attendees were held locally in other location as well.

At each get-together the experiences shared were very

enriching, in that we all felt that someday a similar

events with larger attendees should be held at one site.

For many years it remained a dream until finally in 2013

we began to make plans for such gathering. As our plans

came together, we began to see what it would look like

and what was needed for the event to occur.

Additionally, the vision and journey in preparing

Alpha Eritrean Engineers Magazine semiannu

publication, though extremely rewarding, was

without its challenges. However, with the support of

another and some not even within the Alpha Erit

Engineers Community initiates, we have been abl

overcome many challenges. We continue produ

high class complimentary publication of Alpha Erit

Engineers Magazine to the community. Here we

today, six years later witnessing the dream that

blossomed and continues to grow to become a rea

Now that I have shared a little bit of my thoughts

dreams of AEEM, please indulge me in sharing

you a bit of the background about the party that c

together, how enjoyable it was and the events that le

to it.

After graduating in 2008, four to five of engin

started meeting regularly for dinner to catch up on

personal and professional lives. In late 2013, we inv

additional people to join us for dinner. To our del

every invitee came and had a wonderful time. E

individual that attended liked the gathering and ha

amazing time. Right then everyone knew we neede

replicate this gathering at a larger scale. Thus, in o

to celebrate National Engineers Week held on Febru

16th and Alpha Eritrean Engineering Magazines

anniversary, electronic invitations were sent to l

engineers in the Bay Area informing them of a din

party to be held at MLK Restaurant & Sports club

our delight positive response for attendance

provided to us by most invitation recipient and we wable to plan our preparation for the gathering. Food,

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ENGINEERS WEEK&AEEM4THANNIVERSARY



drinks and cake were ordered and some relevant posters

of Alpha Eritrean Engineers Magazine were prepared.

On the day of the event, as promised, attendees showed

up on time, better yet a little early. Being punctual and

showing up on time not only shows dependability but it

also showed how attendees valued their time. Often we

underestimate and undervalue the power of a smile, a

kind word, an honest compliment, or the smallest act of

kindness, all of which have the potential to turn ones

life around. Having said that, I would like to

acknowledge and recognize Isaac, Fitsum, Mekonen,

and Samson & Andai in presenting our celebratory

gathering of AEEC and AEEM and how it came to be.

Our invited guests, who came from far and close,

battling the weekend traffic from San Jose and San

Francisco, were all happy to attend such an amazing

occasion. All attendees enjoyed their time at MLK

Restaurant and Sports Club and being able to share such

special time with us. We also would like to thank the

MLK staff for preparing a variety of delicious Eritrean

traditional dishes. To celebrate our 4th year of AEEM

the owner of MLK provided an amazing Italian cake for

us. The staff couldn't have been friendlier and they went

out of their way to accommodate us, make us feel

comfortable and at home. Again, although we may have

verbally expressed our thank you to the staff for being

flexible with us throughout the entire planning process,

we find it highly appropriate to follow up with a simple

yet powerful word of Thank Youon behalf of Alpha

Eritrean Engineers Magazine.

Finally, as the Gathering progressed, we discussed the

inception of AEEM, and briefly discussed the purp

of this social gathering at MLK (which is a short s

from the McCarter Bart station).

The primary purpose of our gathering was mainly

networking.

Although everyone was enjoying themselves and

evening progressed, no one realized how time wen

so quickly and was getting late so the party

adjourned. Those of us who had a stupendous time

looking forward to a time of great renewals and

further commitment on the part of each of us to

noble idea of networking that we have started. We

determined to strengthen the bonds which we h

established and to continue bring a fuller understan

of the concept of the engineering professi

community as it relates to our relationships with e

other and the community. We are dedicated to sprea

consistent message about the importance of A

Eritrean Engineering Community through

complimentary an online magazine (AEEM)

~ Engineer Yosief Woldemariam

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Alpha Eritrean Engineers at

MLK Restaurant and Sports

Bar



. Sense of humor from engineers prospective

www.microwavesoftware.com

Engineer and his wife

A wife asks her husband, a software engineer...

"Could you please go shopping for me and buy one carton of milk, and if they have

eggs, get 6!" A short time later the husband comes back with 6 cartons of milk. The wife

asks him, "Why the hell did you buy 6 cartons of milk?" He replied, "They had eggs."

~ ~

Woman vs. Bicycle

Two engineering students were walking across campus when one said, "Where did you

get such a great bike?

The second engineer replied, "Well, I was walking along yesterday minding my own

business when a beautiful woman rode up on this bike. She threw the bike to the

ground, took off all her clothes and said, Take what you want."

The second engineer nodded approvingly, "Good choice; the clothes probably wouldn't

have fit."

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AEEC

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AEEM



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Authors

Mussie [email protected] B.S. in Civil Engineering from Universityof Alabama A&M University. Currently, he isemployed at California Department of

Transportation, Caltran.

Feven Mattews [email protected] her BS in Chemical Engineering

from University College Sedaya

International, UCSI, and currently Feven is

working withMalaysian Nuclear Agency.

Yosief Woldemariam

[email protected] earned his B.S. in

Electrical Engineering from San Francisco State

University. Currently, he is employed at Syska

Hennessy Group, consulting firm as designer

engineer.

If you need an updated informatio

discussions or got an Engineering

experiences that you want share

your knowledge or ideas with you

fellow professionals.

You will find us on

www.linkedin.com/groups/Alpha

Eritrean-Engineers-Community

ALPHA ERITREAN ENGINEERS COMMUNITYWhen we get too caught up in the busyness

of the world, we lose connection with one

another and ourselves. Never lose sight that

we are better when connected
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.linkedin.com/company/1284856?goback=%2Enpv_91217335_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_en*4US_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1&trk=prof-exp-company-namemailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.linkedin.com/company/1284856?goback=%2Enpv_91217335_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_en*4US_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1&trk=prof-exp-company-namemailto:[email protected]

Alpha Eritrean Engineers Magazine 2014 August Issue

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