Allergic rhinitis
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Transcript of Allergic rhinitis
RESPIRATORY DISEASE
DEFINITION
Allergic rhinitis is an inflammation to the lining of the nose caused by inappropriate hypersensitivity reaction to an allergen.
Allergic rhinitis is an IgE-mediated immunological reaction.
Seasonal allergic rhinitis(Hay fever or Rose fever):This occurs during times of the year when allergens are in the air.
Perennial( Persistent) allergic
rhinitis: This condition is caused by allergens.
Atopy
Allergens : Seasonal :
Pollen , Fungus
Perenninal :
Dust mite, domestic pets, cockroaches
Occupational :
Flour, Animal , Wood, Latex , Paint
Hormonal
Food induced:Nuts,fish , prawns, legumes ,milk, chesse ,egg, meat, citrus fruits ,wines.
Drug induced: Aspirin, other NSAIDs , anti-hypertensives, oral
contraceptive pills.
Nasal (Nasal irritants) : Traffic fumes , tobacco smoke ,mosquito repellents, perfumes ,scented sticks, domestic sprays, bleaches
Anatomic defect
Immunodeficiency
disease
SYMPTOMSRhinorrheaItchy (nose , mouth , eyes ,throat ,skin or any area)Problems with smellSneezing Tearing eyes Stuffy nose (nasal congestion)Coughing Clogged earsSore throat Dark circles under the eyesPuffness under the eyesFatigue & irritabilityHeadacheMouth breathing
Physical exam( eyes, ears, nose ,oropharynx,lung)
CBC Test
Nasal smear examination for eosinophils: Mucus is examined for the presence of eosinophil cells, which
indicate an allergic reaction.
Skin prick test:A method for medical diagnosis of allergens that attempts to
provoke a small, controllled , allergic response.
Radio – allergo – sorbent test (R.A.S.T):A radioimmunoassay test to detect certain types of
immunoglobulin-bound allergens responsible for tissue hypersensitivity.
Diagnostic nasal endoscopy
C.T. scan
Lifestyle change & avoiding allergens:Avoid cigarette smoke & traffic fumes.Avoid cold drinks , ice cream, very cold air, cold bath.Avoid mosquito repellents, strong perfumes , scented sticks & cosmetics.Have a balanced diet & exercise regularly to improve body immunity.Adequate fluid intake to loosen nasal secretion.Control drugs to prevent attackAvoid sulfite-containing foods.Avoid occupational irritants.Visit doctor regularly & follow doctor’s advice.Allergy shots( immunotherapy)Medication
Leukotriene receptor antagonists:
Montelucast(Montene-sq.)
Anti-cholinergics:Ipratropium bromide
nasal spray(Rynaspray-sq.)H1-antihistamines:
Systemic:Cetirizine(Alatrol-sq.),
Fexofenadine(Fexo-sq.),
Loratidine(Loratin-sq.)
Levocetrizine(Curin-Beximco),
Desloratidine(Sedno-sq.)
Topical:Azelastine spray(Snizex-sq.)
Mast cell stabilizers:Sodium
cromoglycate(Nacromycin-sq.)
Ketotifen(Alarid-sq)
Systemic:Phenylephrine
Pseudoephedrine(Preecof-Incepta)
Topical:Xylometazoline(Antazol-sq.)
Oxymetazoline(Nocon-sq.)
Hypertonic saline
Nasal:Beclomethasone
(Decomit-Beximco)
Budesonide(Aeronoid-Beximco)
Fluticasone(Perinase-Beximco)
Mometasone
Injection:Methylprednisolone
Oral:Prednisolone
Nasal decongestants Corticosteroids
THANK YOU