Air Quality Management Related Programs of ADB in the People’s Republic of China Ashok Bhargava...

Air Quality Management Air Quality Management Related Programs of ADB in Related Programs of ADB in

the People’s Republic of the People’s Republic of ChinaChina

Ashok BhargavaAshok Bhargava

Asian Development BankAsian Development BankPRC Development Partners’ PRC Development Partners’

Coordination Meeting for Clean AirCoordination Meeting for Clean Air 27 September 200627 September 2006

Outline of PresentationOutline of Presentation

• IntroductionIntroduction• Summary of ADB Activities with Summary of ADB Activities with

AQM related components in the PRC AQM related components in the PRC • Summary of ADB Activities with Summary of ADB Activities with

AQM related components in the AQM related components in the projects pipelineprojects pipeline

Introduction (1)Introduction (1)• One of the priorities according to the Country One of the priorities according to the Country

Strategy Program Update (2006-2008) for ADB’s Strategy Program Update (2006-2008) for ADB’s operations in the PRC is promoting environmental operations in the PRC is promoting environmental improvement and clean development improvement and clean development

• ADB’s past activities related to AQM in PRC have ADB’s past activities related to AQM in PRC have focused on cleaner production and energy focused on cleaner production and energy efficiency, controlling transboundary air pollution efficiency, controlling transboundary air pollution – dust and sandstorms and controlling acid rain– dust and sandstorms and controlling acid rain

• These activities were in the form of lending and These activities were in the form of lending and non-lending activities – regional technical non-lending activities – regional technical assistances (RETA), project preparatory technical assistances (RETA), project preparatory technical assistances (PPTA), and advisory technical assistances (PPTA), and advisory technical assistances (ADTA)assistances (ADTA)

Introduction (2)Introduction (2)ADB’s experience on projects with AQM ADB’s experience on projects with AQM components can be summarized based on the components can be summarized based on the focus or components of the projects, i.e.:focus or components of the projects, i.e.:

• General UAQM projectsGeneral UAQM projects• Mobile sources of air pollutionMobile sources of air pollution• Stationary sources of air pollutionStationary sources of air pollution• Transboundary air pollutionTransboundary air pollution• Climate change and greenhouse gas Climate change and greenhouse gas

abatementabatement• Health impacts of air pollutionHealth impacts of air pollution

ActivityActivity PeriodPeriod Goals and achievementsGoals and achievements

Clean Air Initiative for Clean Air Initiative for Asian Cities Asian Cities

RETA 6016 RETA 6016

2001 to 2001 to 20052005

• Strengthened PRC stakeholders Strengthened PRC stakeholders involvement in AQM regional initiativesinvolvement in AQM regional initiatives

• Included a case study on Xi’an on Included a case study on Xi’an on developing sustainable urban transport developing sustainable urban transport indicators as part of the Partnership for indicators as part of the Partnership for Sustainable Urban Transport in Asia Sustainable Urban Transport in Asia

Better Air Quality in Better Air Quality in AsiaAsia

RETA 6144RETA 6144

2003-2003-20072007

• Established the PRC Project Office with Established the PRC Project Office with staffs focusing on building the air staffs focusing on building the air quality management network in the quality management network in the PRC in close cooperation with SEPAPRC in close cooperation with SEPA

• The initial members of the CPO are The initial members of the CPO are Changsa, Chengdu, Chongqing, Changsa, Chengdu, Chongqing, Guangzhou, Guiyang, Hangzhou, Guangzhou, Guiyang, Hangzhou, Harbin, Luoyang, Tianjin, Qingdao, and Harbin, Luoyang, Tianjin, Qingdao, and UrumqiUrumqi

Rolling out Air Quality Rolling out Air Quality Management in Asia Management in Asia RETA 6291RETA 6291

2006 to 2006 to 20072007

• Strengthening of knowledge Strengthening of knowledge management on AQMmanagement on AQM

• Policy development and investment Policy development and investment identificationidentification

Regional ADB activities with a PRC Regional ADB activities with a PRC component on General AQMcomponent on General AQM


Reducing Vehicle Reducing Vehicle Emissions in Asia Emissions in Asia RETA 5937 RETA 5937

2000 to 2000 to 20022002

• Provided regional workshops and Provided regional workshops and policy dialogues where PRC policy dialogues where PRC stakeholders were represented stakeholders were represented

• An action plan to strengthen I/M in An action plan to strengthen I/M in Chongqing was developedChongqing was developed

Xi’an Urban Xi’an Urban Transport Project Transport Project PRC Loan PRC Loan 2024 2024

2003 to 2003 to 20082008

• Formulated an action plan for AQM Formulated an action plan for AQM and vehicle emissions control which and vehicle emissions control which included mobile emission inspection included mobile emission inspection system, urban transport model with system, urban transport model with bus priority corridor scheme, & bus priority corridor scheme, & provision of CNG infrastructureprovision of CNG infrastructure

Gansu Roads Gansu Roads Development Project Development Project PRC Loan 2125PRC Loan 2125

2004 to 2004 to 20102010

• Include policy recommendations and Include policy recommendations and projects on reducing vehicle projects on reducing vehicle emissionsemissions

ADB activities in PRC with a component on ADB activities in PRC with a component on controlling vehicle emissions (1)controlling vehicle emissions (1)


Application of Application of Public-Private Public-Private Partnerships in Partnerships in Urban Rail-Based Urban Rail-Based Transportation Transportation PRC PPTA 4724 PRC PPTA 4724

20062006 • Includes enhancement of mobility Includes enhancement of mobility and reduced traffic congestion and and reduced traffic congestion and pollution in cities through effective pollution in cities through effective implementation of urban rail-based implementation of urban rail-based transportation systemstransportation systems

ADB activities in PRC with a component on ADB activities in PRC with a component on controlling vehicle emissions (2)controlling vehicle emissions (2)


Shanxi Environment Shanxi Environment Improvement Improvement Project PRC Loan Project PRC Loan 1715 1715

1999 1999 to to 20052005

• Finance measures to solve air Finance measures to solve air pollution in Taiyuan, Datong and pollution in Taiyuan, Datong and YangquanYangquan

• TA to develop air pollution permit TA to develop air pollution permit trading system and modify the trading system and modify the existing pollution levy systemexisting pollution levy system

Liaoning Liaoning Environmental Environmental Improvement Improvement Project PRC Loan Project PRC Loan 2112 2112

2004 2004 to to

• To improve efficiency and To improve efficiency and reliability of gas and central reliability of gas and central heating supplyheating supply

• Closure of small coal-fired boilersClosure of small coal-fired boilers

Acid Rain Control and Environmental Improvement Project PRC Loan 1890

2001 to

• Finance investments to improve Finance investments to improve air quality in Guichi, Huangshan, air quality in Guichi, Huangshan, Tongling and WuhuTongling and Wuhu

ADB activities in PRC with a component on ADB activities in PRC with a component on controlling stationary sources of air controlling stationary sources of air

pollution (1)pollution (1)


Gansu Clean Energy Gansu Clean Energy Development Development Project PRC Loan Project PRC Loan 2032 2032

2004 2004 to to 2008 2008

• The project include the increased The project include the increased access to clean energy and access to clean energy and closure of old, coal-fired power closure of old, coal-fired power plantsplants

Coal Mine Methane Coal Mine Methane Development Development Project PRC Loan Project PRC Loan 2146 2146

2005 2005 to to 20092009

• Provide effective and efficient Provide effective and efficient coal mine methane (CMM) and coal mine methane (CMM) and coalbed methane (CBM) coalbed methane (CBM) production, capture, and use by production, capture, and use by applying the latest technologiesapplying the latest technologies

Energy Energy Development Development Strategy for the Strategy for the Inner Mongolia Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Autonomous Region PRC PRC ADTA 4511ADTA 4511

2005 2005 to to 2006 2006

•Provide policy recommendations and measures to mitigate negative impacts of accelerated development of the energy sector on environment




Preparing the Inner Preparing the Inner Mongolia Mongolia Autonomous Region Autonomous Region Environmental Environmental Improvement Project Improvement Project PRC PPTA 4584 PRC PPTA 4584

2005 to 2005 to presentpresent

• Increasing natural gas transmission Increasing natural gas transmission and utilization and augmented and utilization and augmented central heating systems to facilitate central heating systems to facilitate closure of small inefficient coal-closure of small inefficient coal-fired boilersfired boilers

Gansu Baiyin Urban Gansu Baiyin Urban Development Development PRC PPTA 4818 PRC PPTA 4818


• Providing improved living standard Providing improved living standard and air quality due to improved and air quality due to improved district heating servicesdistrict heating services




Acid Rain and Acid Rain and Emission Reduction Emission Reduction in Asia, Phase IIin Asia, Phase IIRETA 5702RETA 5702

1997 to 1997 to 20002000

• TA emphasized the transfer of the TA emphasized the transfer of the RAINS-Asia model in major RAINS-Asia model in major institutions involved in decision-institutions involved in decision-making to control acid rain making to control acid rain causing emissionscausing emissions

Transboundary Transboundary Environmental Environmental Cooperation in Cooperation in Northeast AsiaNortheast AsiaRETA 5865 RETA 5865

1999 to 1999 to 20022002

• TA emphasized particulate control TA emphasized particulate control technology, monitoring system technology, monitoring system and action plans for control of air and action plans for control of air emissions on existing power emissions on existing power plantsplants

Prevention and Prevention and Control of Dust and Control of Dust and Sandstorms in Sandstorms in Northeast Asia Northeast Asia RETA 6068 RETA 6068

2002 to 2002 to 20062006

• Created a regional steering committee (PRC, Mongolia, Japan, and Republic of Korea) and 4 partner international institutions (ADB, UNEP, UNESCAP, and UNCCD) to promote a regional regional cooperation mechanism for cooperation mechanism for prevention and control of dust and prevention and control of dust and sandstormsandstorm

ADB activities in PRC on controlling ADB activities in PRC on controlling transboundary air pollutiontransboundary air pollution


Capacity Building for the Capacity Building for the Implementation of the Implementation of the Kyoto Protocol and the Kyoto Protocol and the Clean Development Clean Development Mechanism RETA 5861Mechanism RETA 5861

1999 to 1999 to 20012001

• Provided trainings and Provided trainings and preparation of a technical preparation of a technical manual for preparing GHG manual for preparing GHG abatement projects for the CDMabatement projects for the CDM

Promotion of Renewable Promotion of Renewable Energy, Energy Efficiency, Energy, Energy Efficiency, and Greenhouse Gas and Greenhouse Gas Abatement Projects Abatement Projects RETA 5972RETA 5972

2001 to 2001 to 20062006

• Provided policy assessments and Provided policy assessments and environmental valuation of environmental valuation of projects, country and pre-projects, country and pre-feasibility studiesfeasibility studies

ADB activities in PRC focusing on Climate ADB activities in PRC focusing on Climate Change and Renewable Energy (1)Change and Renewable Energy (1)


Opportunities for the Opportunities for the Clean Development Clean Development Mechanism in the Energy Mechanism in the Energy Sector PRC ADTA Sector PRC ADTA 38403840

2002 to 2002 to 20052005

• Provided training workshops, Provided training workshops, developed strategic action developed strategic action plans and policy plans and policy recommendations for CDM recommendations for CDM projects, including a handbook projects, including a handbook for small scale CDM-supported for small scale CDM-supported projectsprojects

Energy Efficiency Energy Efficiency Initiative - Transport, Initiative - Transport, Energy Efficiency and Energy Efficiency and Climate Change Climate Change RETA 6261RETA 6261


• Providing assessment of Providing assessment of impacts of on-road impacts of on-road transportation on GHG transportation on GHG emissions and provided emissions and provided necessary abatement measures necessary abatement measures

ADB activities in PRC focusing on Climate ADB activities in PRC focusing on Climate Change and Renewable Energy (2)Change and Renewable Energy (2)

Summary of ADB Activities in Summary of ADB Activities in the Pipeline with AQM-related the Pipeline with AQM-related

Components in PRCComponents in PRC

ADB activities in the Pipeline with ADB activities in the Pipeline with AQM-related components (1)AQM-related components (1)

ActivityActivity Goals and/or objectivesGoals and/or objectives AQM ImpactsAQM Impacts

Clean Coal Clean Coal Technology Technology and Clean and Clean Energy Energy DevelopmenDevelopment PRC t PRC PPTAPPTA

Prepare an investment Prepare an investment project that will introduce project that will introduce and use environment-friendly and use environment-friendly advanced clean coal advanced clean coal technologiestechnologies

• Reduction of Reduction of emissions from emissions from coal-fired power coal-fired power plants and other plants and other coal-using coal-using industriesindustries

Coal Bed Coal Bed Methane Methane Project II Project II PRC PPTAPRC PPTA

To prepare an investment To prepare an investment project that will increase the project that will increase the production, capture, and use production, capture, and use of methane in association of methane in association with underground coal with underground coal mining and as a result mining and as a result improve mine safety, reduce improve mine safety, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, greenhouse gas emissions, and reduce the use of coaland reduce the use of coal

• Reduction in the Reduction in the use of coal would use of coal would lead to less COlead to less CO22 emissionsemissions



Hefei Urban Hefei Urban Environment Environment ImprovemenImprovement PRC PPTA t PRC PPTA

Provide a more efficient city Provide a more efficient city road network and improve road network and improve vehicular traffic flows and vehicular traffic flows and consequently vehicle consequently vehicle emissionsemissions

• Reduction of Reduction of vehicle emissions vehicle emissions

• Climate change Climate change potential from potential from less fuel less fuel consumptionconsumption

Biomass Biomass Renewable Renewable Energy Energy National National Strategy Strategy PRC PRC ADTAADTA

Promotion of affordable, Promotion of affordable, environmentally sound, and environmentally sound, and sustainable BRE through a sustainable BRE through a set of policy and set of policy and implementation implementation recommendations required recommendations required for the rapid promotion of for the rapid promotion of sustainable BRE—covering sustainable BRE—covering institutional, financial, and institutional, financial, and technical aspects at the technical aspects at the national, provincial, and local national, provincial, and local levelslevels

• Climate Change Climate Change mitigation mitigation potential of BRE potential of BRE use use

• Biofuels use can Biofuels use can lead to reduced lead to reduced criteria air criteria air pollutant pollutant emissionsemissions



Transport Transport Information Information System System

PRC ADTAPRC ADTA

Provide assistance to the Provide assistance to the Ministry of Ministry of Communications to Communications to develop a national develop a national Intelligent Transport Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) standard for Systems (ITS) standard for the step-by step the step-by step development of ITS in PRCdevelopment of ITS in PRC

• Efficient flow of Efficient flow of vehicular flow vehicular flow through advanced through advanced traffic traffic management management systems would systems would lead to reduced lead to reduced vehicle emissions vehicle emissions

Mitigation of Mitigation of TransboundarTransboundary Air Pollution y Air Pollution from Coal-fired from Coal-fired Power plants Power plants in North East in North East Asia Asia

Promote regional Promote regional cooperation in reducing cooperation in reducing emissions from coal-fired emissions from coal-fired power plants in Northeast power plants in Northeast AsiaAsia

• Reducing Reducing emissions from emissions from coal-fired power coal-fired power plants will reduce plants will reduce air pollution air pollution pressure from pressure from affected urban affected urban areasareas

Looking AheadLooking Ahead• A Study on A Study on Interprovincial Acid Interprovincial Acid

Rain ControlRain Control– Technical – Technical Assistance is being processed Assistance is being processed in ADBin ADB

• It will be part of the e-Asia and It will be part of the e-Asia and Knowledge Partnership Fund Knowledge Partnership Fund established by ADB and the established by ADB and the Korean GovernmentKorean Government

Thank you!Thank you!

For More Information:For More Information:

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Web site: Web site: www.adb.orgwww.adb.org

Air Quality Management Related Programs of ADB in the People’s Republic of China Ashok Bhargava...

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