AHSGE Social Studies ReviewPart III

Native Americans Reservations – Land set aside for Indians

(Oklahoma). Battle of Little Big Horn – George Armstrong

Custer and ALL of his men were massacred by the Sioux Indians.

Battle at Wounded Knee – Final Indian battle where the Lakota Sioux were defeated.

Dawes Act – Allotted 160 acres of land to Native Americans (did away with Reservations). This was an attempt to assimilate Native Americans into the mainstream society (it failed).

Big Business Cornelius Vanderbilt – Great railroad builder John D. Rockefeller – Standard Oil; created a

monopoly (no competition; complete control) in this industry.

Andrew Carnegie – Made a fortune in the steel business; built libraries (Gospel of Wealth).

They were all considered robber barons (businessmen and bankers who dominated their respective industries and amassed a fortune. $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

Industrialization Bessemer Process – This is a way of mass

producing cheap steel (Alabama). Steel Plow – Cut through sod (tough soil); invented

by John Deere. Windmills – These were used to pump water to the

surface from deep wells. Barbed Wire – Allowed for hundreds of square

miles to be fenced in cheaply and easily; invented by Joseph Glidden.

Industrialization Railroads – Led to the development of the

West (especially when the transcontinental railroad was completed in 1869).

The Grange – This was the first farm organization (it came after railroads).

Telephone – Invented by Alexander Graham Bell.

Alabama Connection Populist Party – Founded in 1892. Main

support came from workers (disappeared in 1897). It was strong in Alabama.

Black Belt – Area of black, fertile soil. Excellent for growing cotton.

Boll Weevil – Insect that destroyed cotton, forcing Alabama farmers to diversify (grow different crops).

Alabama Connection Birmingham – Iron and steel center of

Alabama. Mobile – Shipping center of Alabama.

Unions & Immigration American Federation of Labor (AFL) –

Famous labor union headed by Samuel Gompers.

Chinese Exclusion Act – Barred Chinese immigration for 10 years and prevented Chinese already in the country from becoming citizens.

Urban Politics Boss Tweed – Famous big city boss. He stole

hundreds of millions of dollars from New York City (Leader of the political machine – Tammany Hall). His corruption led him to prison.

Progressivism Progressivism – Social and political

movement to make society better. Muckrakers – Journalists who wrote about

the evils of society. Upton Sinclair – The most famous

muckraker. Ida Tarbell – Wrote about the abuse of the

Standard Oil Company.

Progressivism Booker T. Washington – He founded

Tuskegee Institute (stressed work and education). He favored segregation.

George Washington Carver – Did work at Tuskegee with the peanut and sweet potato.

W.E.B. DuBois – He was the founder of the NAACP in 1909 (Niagara Movement).

Progressivism Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) – The Supreme

Court upheld the Louisiana case saying that separate but equal is ok; legalized segregation.

Alabama Constitution of 1901 – Created literacy tests and poll taxes. Tried to keep African Americans from voting (kept the Democrats in power).

Progressivism Theodore Roosevelt – (Square Deal) He fought for

conservation and monopolies (through the Sherman Anti-Trust Act).

William Howard Taft – Elected in 1908, he later became the Chief Justice for the Supreme Court.

Woodrow Wilson – Elected in 1912 and 1916. He was President during World War I. His program was called New Freedom. Included the Federal Trade Commission and the Federal Reserve System.

Imperialism Imperialism – Taking over other countries

(Colonies). Hawaii – We took over Hawaii in 1898

(Queen Liliuokalani). Cuba – We went to war with Spain over

Cuba. Two main causes: a) explosion of the USS Maine and b) yellow journalism. Hearst and Pulitizer were 2 newspaper publishers.

New American Diplomacy Theodore Roosevelt – Led the charge of

Rough Riders up San Juan Hill. Open Door Policy – Equal trading rights with

China (Secretary of State John Hay). Panama Canal – Built to connect the

Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. William C. Gorgas – Helped eradicate

yellow fever in Panama.

World War I Long term causes: a) nationalism, b) militarism,

c) imperialism, and d) alliance systems The assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand is the

immediate spark that starts the war.

Battlefront: a) trenches, b) no man’s land, c) machine guns, and d) airplanes and tanks – Pilots or Aces fought dogfights.

World War I U.S. Causes for entry into the war: a) the sinking of the Lusitania (128 U.S. dead, May

15, 1915). b) the Zimmerman Note – Germany attempted to

bribe Mexico into entering the war against the U.S. c) German U-boats started sinking U.S. Ships. d) Russia became a Democracy. e) financial

World War I WWI Allies – Great Britain, France, Russia,

and the United States. WWI Central Powers – Germany, Austria-

Hungary, Ottoman Empire. November 11, 1918, WWI ended with an

armistice (agreement to stop fighting). {Eleventh month, eleventh day, eleventh hour}

World War I The Treaty of Versailles ended WWI.

Germany was blamed for the war and punished severely.

The U.S. never signed the Treaty of Versailles nor did we join the League of Nations (an organization created to keep peace).

The U.S. favored isolationism (avoiding involvement in world affairs.