AHSGE Chapter 7 1Expansion and Industrialization

The Railroads• Promontory Point, Utah – town where the Union

____________and Central Pacific railroads met completing the ____________________railroad.

• How important were the railroads for expansion in the U.S.?

Railroads became the chief means of national ________________during the second half of the ______________century.

Conflicts with Native Americans• Reservations – see previous notes• What was the significance of the buffalo to the Native

Americans? _________________were the main source of food for Native Americans. White ________________killed many buffalo for their hides and left the meat to rot taking away the ________________of the Native Americans.

Important Indian Battles and Congressional Action• Battle of the Little Bighorn – Sioux _____________surrounded

U.S. Army General George ___________and killed every soldier under his command.

• Dawes Act (General Allotment Act) – In an attempt to _____________Native Americans into the mainstream of society, Congress dissolved ______________and gave each Native American gamily 160 acres to farm. Any excess land had to be sold to the government at low prices plunging the Native Americans deeper into_______________.

Wounded Knee Wovoka – Sioux ____________who developed a religious ritual called the Ghost Dance (Sioux believed this dance would bring back the ____________and return the Native American tribes to their land.) This ______________white settlers.

• Sitting Bull – Sioux leader whom the U.S. Army believed was using the ____________Dance to start a Native American_______________.

• Wounded Knee – After trying to ___________Sitting Bull a fight broke out and he was __________by the U.S. Army. They then pursued the Sioux men, women and _____________to their camp at Wounded Knee Creek. The Sioux were ________________by the U.S. army (around 350 killed). This marked the ____________of U.S. Army battles with Native Americans.

2

CHUNK #1 The Bessemer Process

Turn to page 92. Read The Bessemer Process, and answer the following questions

Setting When? – Characters Who? -Plot What is it? –Outcome What could now be done? –

Important Development used in Continental Expansion

• The Bessemer Process – process by which ___________could be made faster and more____________. Bessemer, Alabama (important __________center) is named after man who invented process.

• Revolver – type of ____________which had a cylinder containing several _______________ allowing for more rapid firing. Became a standard for personal ________________in the West.

• Steel Plow – Invented by John__________. The plow was strong enough to cut thorough the though ___________sod of the Midwest and the____________.

• Windmill – Farmers in the Plains used the wind’s power to ____________water (which was 100 feet underground) to the_____________.

• Barbed Wire – Wire with barbed __________that gave farmers a ___________and efficient way to _____________in their land.

• Railroad – Provided the easiest way to move people and products to the major___________. Towns developed along the ____________which lead to the _____________of the west.

Farming in the 1870s and 1880s • Grange –______________formed by local farmers to protect their

interests from ________________cutting into their farming ____________(profits).

• Populists Party – formed to address the _____________of farmers and other______________.

Alabama Agriculture and Industry 3

• Boll Weevil – insect that _____________the cotton crops of Alabama. Forced farmers to ________________their crops.

• Birmingham, Alabama – known for ______________making.• Mobile, Alabama – known for its important

_______________center for industry. • Many investors came to Alabama and started large

______________industries due to the states’ ready supply of_______________.

Important Industrial Inventions• Industrial Revolution – During the 1880s the U.S. used its

_____________resources and spirit of ______________ to begin the process of____________________.

• Transatlantic Cable – first _______________cable beneath the Atlantic Ocean. It allowed the U.S. to hear of _________________in Europe immediately through telegraph messages.

• Alexander Graham Bell – first _______________transmission.

Move to the Cities • Many people left their ____________and moved to the city for

higher ______________as the industrialization continued in the U.S. • Waves of _____________from Europe also came in search

of______________. • A population _______________created many opportunities and

caused many __________________in the cities. • Henry Ford – In 1913, the first moving automobile

______________line was introduced improving the way items were ____________in America.

CHUNK #2 Robber Barons

Turn to page 96. Read Famous Robber Barons and Their Monopolies, and answer the following questions.

John D. Rockefeller - Owned .- Monopoly in the oil industry because he

was the only supplier of oil from .

4Andrew Carnegie - Owned a that controlled the _________ and owned the railroads

and steam ships. - Monopoly in the production of steel and ___

competition. Cornelius Vanderbilt - Owned the ______ _____ railroad.

Negative Aspects of Urbanization• Monopoly – only one _______________for a particular industry.• Robber Barons – the name for some 19th century

_______________because they became wealthy by _________________and ruthlessness.

• John D. Rockefeller – owned the _______________Oil Company.• Andrew Carnegie – owned a steel company that

_________________the iron and _____________mines and owned railroads and steam ships.

• Gospel of Wealth – belief by Andrew ____________that the wealthy had a responsibility to use it for the betterment of the____________.

• Cornelius Vanderbilt – owned the Central_________________. • Social Darwinism – Only the strongest _______________will

survive.

Labor Unions • Labor Unions – organizations of workers who put ____________on

industries to improve ________________conditions. • Strike – the ____________to work until certain conditions are met. • American Federation of Labor (AFL) – worked to organize

______________in entire ______________(car manufacturing).Immigrants

• Racism – ______________• Nativism – favoring one’s _____________or region.• 1882 – Chinese Exclusion Act – prohibited _____________from

immigrating to the U.S.• 1921 – The Emergency Quota Act – Law limiting the

_______________of legal immigrants to 3% of the total ________________of each nationality from ____________and Eastern Europe.

5• 1924 – National Origins Act of 1924 – Changed quota of

________________from Southern and Eastern Europe to 2% and ________________all immigration from Asia.

The Progressive Movement• Progressivism – developed in response to the growing

________________in big business. It championed the causes of whoever was being _________________by society.

• Muckrakers – journalists who wrote ______________about the _______________of big business on workers and consumers.

• The Jungle by Upton Sinclair – exposed the _________________working conditions and dangerous _____________quality in __________processing plants in Chicago.

CHUNK #3 Important Amendments to the Constitution

Gist – Turn to page 98. Read Important Amendments to the Constitution, and described the four amendments in the space provided that gives the “gist” or summary of the selection.

16th Amendment - ______________________________________

17th Amendment - ______________________________________

18th Amendment - _________ _______________________

19th Amendment - _____________________________________

• The History of the Standard Oil Company by Ida Tarbell – exposed the ruthless ______________of the Standard Oil Company it its quest to gain a _________________in the oil company.

• Horace Mann – pushed for the public ______________of men and women in the early 19th_________________.

6Important Amendments to the Constitution

• The Progressive Movement gained a lot of ____________in the early 1900s and lead to the _________________of new amendments.

• 16th – Congress now had the power to collect _______________on business and_______________.

• 17th – The election of ______________by states instead of the state legislatures.

• 18th – Prohibited the making, selling or ______________of alcoholic beverages.

• 19th – Gave women the right to_____________.

President Theodore Roosevelt• Theodore Roosevelt was a ________________president who

initiated several reforms while in office. • National Parks System – protected huge amounts of

______________from development. • Sherman Antitrust Act – Act passed by Congress that declared

the _________________of trusts in order to monopolize _______________was illegal

• Northern Securities Trust – a group of smaller ______________companies formed to set prices and _______________smaller competitors. Prosecuted by Roosevelt for violating the ________________Antitrust Act.

• Square Deal – a verbal contract with the American people to maintain ______________for individuals and for businesses.

• Food and Drug Act – passed after Roosevelt read The Jungle. ________________the health of U.S. consumers

Election of 1912• Woodrow Wilson – established a reform program called New

________________. His goal was to ensure that there was ________________in the marketplace.

• Federal Trade Commission (FTC) – A ____________________that had the power to investigate companies for ______________business practices.

• Clayton Antitrust Act - Act passed by Congress that banned tying_________________, which required _________________who bought from one company to stop selling a competitor’s __________________.

7• This act made sure that _______________could not use antitrust

laws to ______________ up labor unions.

Race Relations After Reconstruction• Ku Klux Klan – increased their _______________of blacks.

Lynchings were _______________and schools were burned. Because of this many blacks left the South and moved to the ____________in what is known as the Black Exodus.

• Booker T. Washington – founded the ______________Institute in Alabama. He believed in the _________________of races.

• Tuskegee Institute – school which provided training in the industrial and ____________fields. Became an important center for _______________education in the South

• George Washington Carver – student at Tuskegee Institute. He became famous for his _______________experimentation with peanuts, soybeans and cottons. His contributions enabled _______________in the South to grow different kinds of _____________for profit besides cotton.

• W.E.B. Dubois – First black PH.D. ______________from Harvard University. He ________________with Booker T. Washington’s philosophy. He believed blacks should pursue white collar jobs not settle low _______________jobs.

• Niagara Movements – organized by W.E.B. Dubois. Meeting of black _____________that outlined an agenda for black progress in the United States.

• NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) – organization of black and white intellectuals who adopted the goals of the ____________movement as their own. Powerful organization that helped _____________the minds of many people about race_______________.

• Plessy v Ferguson – Supreme Court decision that stated ______________(separation of races) was legal as long as _______________and services were equal. (Separate but equal).