Agricultural Status Quo - Durban · rural agricultural land potential assessment and agribusiness...

RURAL AGRICULTURAL LAND POTENTIAL ASSESSMENT AND AGRIBUSINESS

POLICY FOR ETHEKWINI

ETHEKWINI

AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO

PREPARED FOR:

RURAL ABM OFFICE

ETHEKWINI MUNICIPALITY

PREPARED BY:

INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES

CONTACT: MS BRIGID LETTY

PO BOX 100396

SCOTTSVILLE

3209

TEL: 033 3460 796

FAX: 033 3460 895

July 2004

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY AREA .......................................................................................1

1.1 ETHEKWINI MUNICIPALITY RELATIVE TO KWAZULU-NATAL ..........................................1

1.2 THE PROJECT IN CONTEXT .........................................................................................2

1.2.1 INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURING ............................................................................2

1.2.2 STRATEGIC PLANNING.........................................................................................2

1.2.3 FURTHER RELATED PLANNING INITIATIVES ..........................................................3

1.3 CURRENT LAND USE ASSESSMENT ..............................................................................5

1.4 SETTLEMENT PATTERNS.............................................................................................5

1.5 TRADITIONAL SETTLEMENT AREAS .............................................................................5

1.6 MUNICIPAL WARDS....................................................................................................6

2 NATURAL RESOURCE CHARACTERISTICS..........................................................................11

2.1 CLIMATE DATA ........................................................................................................11

2.1.1 TEMPERATURE..................................................................................................11

2.1.2 RAINFALL .........................................................................................................11

2.2 SLOPE.....................................................................................................................11

2.3 BIORESOURCE UNITS...............................................................................................16

3 WATER RESOURCES .......................................................................................................53

4 EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE ...........................................................................................53

4.1 ROADS AND RAILWAYS ............................................................................................53

4.2 ELECTRICITY...........................................................................................................54

5 EXISTING AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES .............................................................................59

5.1 AGRICULTURAL PROJECTS........................................................................................59

5.1.1 KZN DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS ...................60

5.1.2 ETHEKWINI MUNICIPALITY ................................................................................61

5.1.3 KZN DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL WELFARE AND POPULATION DEVELOPMENT ...........61

5.1.4 KZN DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH ...........................................................................61

5.1.5 HEIFER INTERNATIONAL – SOUTH AFRICA ..........................................................61

5.1.6 THE VALLEY TRUST ...........................................................................................62

5.1.7 GREATER DURBAN COMMUNITY FOUNDATION (GDCF) .........................................62

5.2 AGRICULTURE WITHIN THE TRADITIONAL AREAS ......................................................64

5.2.1 CANE AND WOODLOTS ......................................................................................64

5.2.2 AQUACULTURE..................................................................................................65

5.2.3 SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE WITHIN THE TRADITIONAL AREAS...........................65

5.3 AGRICULTURE OUTSIDE THE TRADITIONAL AREAS.....................................................68

5.3.1 CANE................................................................................................................68

5.3.2 TIMBER ............................................................................................................68

5.3.3 BROILERS.........................................................................................................68

5.3.4 LAYERS ............................................................................................................68

5.3.5 DAIRY ..............................................................................................................68

5.3.6 BEEF ................................................................................................................69

5.3.7 PIGS ................................................................................................................69

5.3.8 SHEEP/GOATS...................................................................................................69

5.3.9 AQUACULTURE..................................................................................................69

5.3.10 VEGETABLES.....................................................................................................69

5.3.11 FRUIT...............................................................................................................70

5.3.12 CUT FLOWERS ..................................................................................................70

6 IDENTIFICATION OF AGRICULTURAL MARKETS.................................................................73

6.1 MILK.......................................................................................................................73

6.2 EGGS ......................................................................................................................73

6.3 BROILERS ...............................................................................................................73

6.4 LIVESTOCK..............................................................................................................74

6.4.1 FORMAL MARKETS.............................................................................................74

6.4.2 INFORMAL MARKETS .........................................................................................74

6.5 VEGETABLES ...........................................................................................................74

MUNICIPAL BULK FRESH PRODUCE MARKETS (MBFPMS)....................................................75

6.5.1 MUNICIPAL FARMERS’ MARKETS.........................................................................75

6.5.2 FARMERS’ MARKETS ..........................................................................................75

6.5.3 WHOLESALERS..................................................................................................75

6.5.4 RETAILERS .......................................................................................................75

6.5.5 DISTRIBUTION PLATFORMS ...............................................................................75

6.5.6 PROCESSING FACILITIES ...................................................................................76

6.5.7 VENDORS .........................................................................................................76

6.5.8 INFORMAL MARKETS .........................................................................................76

6.6 CANE ......................................................................................................................76

6.7 TIMBER...................................................................................................................76

6.8 CUT FLOWERS .........................................................................................................76

7 INPUT SUPPLIERS AND SERVICE PROVIDERS....................................................................77

7.1 TRAINING INSTITUTIONS.........................................................................................78

7.2 EXTENSION SUPPORT ..............................................................................................81

7.2.1 KZN DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS ...................81

7.3 FINANCIAL SUPPORT................................................................................................81

8 PROPOSED DEVELOPMENTS WITH IMPLICATIONS FOR AGRICULTURE IN ETHEKWINI..........84

8.1 DUBE TRADE PORT ..................................................................................................84

9 AGRICULTURAL STAKEHOLDERS......................................................................................85

10 ASSESSMENT OF AGRICULTURAL POTENTIAL ................................................................87

10.1 LAND POTENTIAL .................................................................................................87

10.2 ADDITIONAL FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED............................................................87

10.3 DECISION-MAKING PROCESSES .............................................................................88

10.3.1 EVALUATION OF A SITE .....................................................................................88

10.3.2 IDENTIFICATION OF A SUITABLE SITE ................................................................88

11 CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................92

APPENDIX 1 LIST OF AGRICULTURAL-RELATED PROJECTS

APPENDIX 2 LIST OF CONTACTS

ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO REPORT

PREPARED BY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES1

1 OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY AREA

1.1 ETHEKWINI MUNICIPALITY RELATIVE TO KWAZULU-NATAL

eThekwini Municipality is located within KwaZulu-Natal, with Durban (known to the local Zulu

people as eThekwini) as the main hub. The area on which this document and associated activities

focuses on is that portion of the Municipality that lies outside of the urban edge (Fig 1).

Figure 1: Location map for eThekwini Municipality.



1.2 THE PROJECT IN CONTEXT1

The “Agricultural Land Potential Assessment and Agri-business Policy for eThekwini” project should

be considered within the context of current institutional restructuring and planning initiatives.

1.2.1 INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURING

Following the local government demarcation process concluded in 2000 and the Local Government

Elections held in the same year, the boundaries of eThekwini were substantially extended to the

north, west and south. The implication thereof was the inclusion of substantial rural areas, both

traditional settlement areas and commercial farming areas into the eThekwini Municipality

(Regional Councils previously managed developments in these areas).

The need for a dedicated team to manage development processes within the rural areas was

identified soon after the establishment of the eThekwini Unicity. The European Union (EU) co-

funded Area Based Management Programme provided the ideal opportunity for investigating

approaches to managing the rural areas. In line with the requirements of the programme, the

Area Based Management Unit was operationalised in 2003 and a 5-year business plan, in terms of

the EU requirements, was finalised.

1.2.2 STRATEGIC PLANNING

The eThekwini Municipality identified the need for the integrated planning and management of the

area soon after the local government elections. The departments responsible for planning and

housing initiated the process of developing a Rural Development Framework, the planning process

being managed by the newly established Rural Area Based Management Team (at that stage only

a manager was in place). The Rural Development Framework process considered the integrated

and strategic development of the rural areas, focussing on a number of sectors including spatial

development and planning, social services, infrastructure, economic development, agriculture and

the environment.

The status quo analysis for the eThekwini Rural Development Framework process (RDF 2003)

identified a number of key issues relating to the agricultural sector in the Unicity. The key issues

identified generally include (1) constraints to the development of agriculture in rural eThekwini and

(2) opportunities relating to the development of the sector. The constraints include:

1 Tindall Kruger (Iyer Rothaug Collaborative CC)



• The lack of a single champion for agricultural development

• The lack of a clear plan guiding agricultural development

• The scattered nature of high potential agricultural land

• The juxtaposition between “environmentally sensitive areas” and high potential agricultural

land.

The opportunities include:

• The availability of high potential agricultural land

• The potential future linkages with key infrastructure installations such as the Dube

Tradeport

• The various market opportunities existing in the Unicity.

The Economic and Poverty Alleviation Strategy Plan of the Rural Development Framework suggests

that “… in order to facilitate agricultural development … eThekwini Municipality needs to put basic

processes in place and undertake baseline planning in support of agricultural development within

its area of jurisdiction”.

The seven key actions identified include:

• Action 1: Establish and operationalise the necessary institutional structures to support

agricultural development.

• Action 2: Undertake baseline studies to inform an agricultural development strategy e.g.

(1) landuse potential assessment and (2) municipal agricultural development plan.

• Action 3: Define the role and function of the eThekwini Municipality in agricultural

development.

• Action 4: Develop policies and guidelines specific to eThekwini to guide the decision-

making process with regards the nature and extent of support to be provided by the

Municipality.

• Action 5: Develop criteria for monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness and impact of

the support provided.

• Action 6: Design and implement appropriate procedures for the processing and

implementation of projects.

• Action 7: Identify and implement lead projects.

The “Rural Agricultural Land Potential Assessment and Agribusiness Policy for eThekwini” project

will start to inform each of the above actions as identified in the Rural Development Framework.

1.2.3 FURTHER RELATED PLANNING INITIATIVES

This agriculture potential assessment and policy development process is undertaken in parallel

with the development of a range of nodal and local area development plans. The priority areas for

undertaking this planning were identified in terms of the Spatial Development Framework. The



agricultural potential assessment will inform the more detailed level planning undertaken in the

rural areas and vice versa.

Figure 2: RDF Spatial Development Framework (Linda Massinga - Iyer Rothaug

Project team).



1.3 CURRENT LAND USE ASSESSMENT

According to the current land use map of the eThekwini Municipal area produced by the CSIR

(Figure 3), current land use in the area outside the urban edge includes:

• Natural vegetation

- Forest

- Grasslands

- Thicket and bushland

• Residential areas

• Cultivated areas

- Commercial dryland

- Subsistence dryland

- Commercial cane

- Woodlots (not shown on this map).

1.4 SETTLEMENT PATTERNS

eThekwini Municipality can also be broken down according to existing settlement patterns (Figure

4). The following types of settlement can be identified:

• The urban core

• Urban periphery

• Peri-urban

• Rural.

This is a fairly simplistic interpretation of settlement patterns and the population density map

(Figure 5), generated from 1996 Census data, gives a clearer picture, with the more heavily

populated areas being urban or peri-urban by nature.

1.5 TRADITIONAL SETTLEMENT AREAS

Large portions of rural eThekwini fall within the Ingonyama Trust Land and are known as

traditional settlement areas. There is no private tenure within in these areas, and much resource

utilisation takes place on a communal basis. The traditional areas are shown in Figure 6. Each

traditional area is under the authority of a local inkosi.



1.6 MUNICIPAL WARDS

The eThekwini Municipality is divided into a large number of Municipal Wards. The majority are

located within the urban core and urban periphery, but approximately 22 wards cover the area

outside the urban edge. These are not all rural by nature, as they include places such as Hillcrest.

Figure 7 shows the ward boundaries of rural eThekwini. An elected councillor represents each of

the wards.

Figure 3: Current Land use patterns within rural eThekwini (CSIR).



Figure 4: Settlement patterns within eThekwini Municipality (Brian O’ Leary).



Figure 5: Population density within eThekwini Municipality (Corporate Policy Unit,

eThekwini Municipality).



Figure 6: Traditional areas within eThekwini Municipality (Corporate GIS,

eThekwini Municipality).



Figure 7: Ward boundaries within rural eThekwini (Corporate GIS, eThekwini

Municipality).



2 NATURAL RESOURCE CHARACTERISTICS

2.1 CLIMATE DATA

Temperature and rainfall are two of the most important factors determining the potential for

agricultural production.

2.1.1 TEMPERATURE

Mean annual temperatures for eThekwini Municipality are presented spatially in Figure 8. A range

from 16 – 20oC is reflected, with temperatures being highest along the coast and dropping as one

moves westward. This decrease in temperature is largely related to elevation, such that as

elevation increases, temperature decreases. The cool temperature shown to the east of

Hammarsdale coincides with the Key-Ridge area. Most of the Municipal area is frost-free, although

a number of areas do experience occasional frosts. These would be areas located in the vicinity of

Cato Ridge.

2.1.2 RAINFALL

Mean annual rainfall figures for eThekwini range from <550mm to >1200mm per annum (Fig. 9).

Annual rainfall drops as one moves westward, with drier areas being located inland.

2.2 SLOPE

Slope is another factor that affects agricultural potential significantly. Figure 10, a digital elevation

model for eThekwini, shows height above sea level (altitude), and gives a clear picture of where

steep slopes are likely to be encountered.

Figure 11 is a slope map that has been generated from the digital elevation data. Slopes have

been divided into three categories (<12%, 12-40%, >40%) that have implications for agricultural

production. The Department of Agriculture recommends that annual cultivation only take place on

land where the slope is less than 12% (a 12% slope means that there is a 12m rise in altitude

over a distance of 100m), while areas with slopes of 12 to 40% should only be used for timber and

stoloniferous pastures. It is recommended that areas with slopes greater than 40% not be

cultivated at all.



Figure 8: Mean annual temperatures (o C) for rural eThekwini.



Figure 9: Mean annual rainfall (mm) for rural eThekwini.



Figure 10: Digital elevation model of rural eThekwini (Geographic Information

Management Systems - GIMS).



Figure 11: Slopes encountered within rural eThekwini (Generated from GIMS data).



2.3 BIORESOURCE UNITS

The Natural Resources Section of the KwaZulu-Natal Department of Agriculture and Environmental

Affairs has developed a classification system for KZN.

The Province has been divided into a number of Bioresource units (BRUs) that are defined as

ecological units within which, factors such as soil type, climate, altitude, terrain form and

vegetation display sufficient homogeneity that appropriate land use practices and production

techniques can be defined for the whole unit. Each of the BRUs has a name, and has been given

a code. Another classification system to be considered is the Bioresource groups (BRGs), which

are defined as specific vegetation types characterised by an interplay of climate, altitude and soil

factors, and consist of one or more BRUs.

The Bioresource programme also refers to ecotopes, which are soil classifications based on

drainage, clay content, depth, slope and rockiness. Certain ecotopes are classified as arable on

the basis of certain soil characteristics that include drainage, depth and rockiness. The actual

location of the expected ecotopes must be identified in the field.

Other information pertaining to the output from the Bioresource Programme that might require

clarification is:

• Potential soil erosion hazard rating, which is measured on a scale of <2 to >6, with <2

being extremely high risk and >6 being limited risk. Thus the higher the score, the lower

the soil erosion hazard. It is an average value for the whole BRU and large variations are

therefore likely to occur.

• Carrying capacity, which is a measure of the area of land (measured in hectares) required

to support one animal unit (defined as a 450 kg steer).

eThekwini is made up of 26 Bioresource units, which are presented below in Figure 12, and

summarised in Table 1. Information pertaining to each of the BRUs has been summarised below.

More complete information, as well as models that predict yields for a variety of crops, pastures

and trees species, can be obtained from the Regional or District Offices of KZNDAEA, or directly

from the Natural Resources Section, based at Cedara Research Station (033 3559 100).



Table 1: Summary of Bioresource Units falling within the eThekwini Municipality

Code Name of BRU Code Name of BRU Code Name of BRU

Sb5 Tala Valley VWa4 Mambundweni Ya11 Matabetule

STb3 Ashburton VWb4 Spring Valley Ya12 South Coast

Ta5 Nagle Dam VWb5 Valley of a Thousand Hills Ya13 Durban

Tb11 Doornrug Wa5 KwaNdaya Ya14 North Coast

TUa4 Ntshongweni Wa6 EMakuluzeni Yb11 Mbumbula

TUb11 Killarney Isles Wa7 Shembe Yb13 Ozwatini

Ua10 Inanda Dam Wa8 Marianhill Yb14 Inanda

Ub17 Sithumba Wb15 KwaNongidi Yb15 Gillitts

Vb15 Cato Ridge Wb16 Drummond

Some data pertaining to the BRUs located within eThekwini is summarised below. They give an

indication of the type of information that can be extracted from the BRU printouts and used in

agricultural planning.

From Tables 2 and 3 it is clear that there is much variation across eThekwini in terms of arability

and erosion hazard potential. This is due to the associated variation in slope, soil types and

rainfall.

A project planned for a specific location within eThekwini would require a thorough investigation of

the climate, soil and vegetation occurring there. The information from the Bioresource Programme

can be used as a first approximation of the conditions that are likely to be encountered.

Table 2: Percentage of Bioresource unit made up of arable soils

Code % Arable soils Code % Arable soils Code % Arable soils

Sb5 15.8 VWa4 45.9 Ya11 No ecotope data

STb3 35.0 VWb4 2.6 Ya12 10.6

Ta5 Questionable data VWb5 22.5 Ya13 12.9

Tb11 12.7 Wa5 5.2 Ya14 19.7

TUa4 0 Wa6 39.8 Yb11 48.5

TUb11 18.3 Wa7 17.0 Yb13 43.7

Ua10 22.1 Wa8 15.2 Yb14 77.0

Ub17 12.8 Wb15 33.6 Yb15 62.2

Vb15 30.0 Wb16 31.1



Table 3: Soil erosion hazard rating for each of the Bioresource units (where <2

indicates extremely high risk and >6 indicates limited risk

Code Soil erosion

hazard rating

Code Soil erosion

hazard rating

Code Soil erosion

hazard rating

Sb5 3.7 VWa4 4.3 Ya11 2.8

STb3 4.7 VWb4 2.8 Ya12 3.9

Ta5 5.0 VWb5 4.5 Ya13 3.7

Tb11 4.2 Wa5 3.6 Ya14 3.9

TUa4 2.9 Wa6 4.1 Yb11 4.9

TUb11 4.2 Wa7 3.7 Yb13 4.4

Ua10 4.4 Wa8 3.6 Yb14 5.2

Ub17 4.2 Wb15 3.9 Yb15 5.4

Vb15 3.9 Wb16 4.4



Figure 12: The Bioresource units that make up rural eThekwini (KZNDAEA).



Information obtained from the Bioresource Programme has been summarised below for each of

the BRUs encountered within eThekwini. The Bioresource units are listed in alphabetical order.

Sb5 TALA VALLEY

TERRAIN

Terrain type: Rolling

Altitude range: 425 - 914 m

Slope: Moderate/gentle

Extent of cultivation: Moderate

Potential soil erosion hazard rating: 3.7 (Very High Risk).

VEGETATION

Bioresource Group: Coast Hinterland Thornveld

Vegetation pattern: Bushland, Bushland thicket.

ARABILITY

54.31% of the total area consists of non-arable ecotopes with slopes<12%.

14.19% of the total area consists of arable ecotopes with slopes <12%, non-rocky and suitable for

annual cropping.

SUMMARY OF SOILS

15.8% of the BRU is arable. 30.8% of the arable land is high potential. Sandy soil makes up

40.2% of the area. Shallow soils occupy 62.0% of the BRU. Soils of moderate to poor drainage

occupy 63.3%.

CLIMATE

Annual Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Mean rainfall

(mm)

646 90 74 79 35 15 5 7 17 33 57 77 80

Mean temp

(oC)

18.3 21.9 22.0 21.2 19.0 16.4 13.8 13.8 15.3 17.2 18.4 19.5 21.3

Climate capability rating: C6 (climatic limitations to production are severe)

Frost hazard rating: Occasional

GENERAL AGRICULTURAL SUITABILITY

Extensive farming systems.



The land has a moderate potential. There are moderately regular and/or severe to moderate

limitations due to soil, slope, temperature or rainfall. Appropriate contour protection must be

implemented.

VELD PRODUCTION

Average grazing capacity, which will vary according to condition of the veld is 3.0 ha/AU.

CROP PRODUCTION POTENTIAL

The following agronomic crops can be considered within this BRU, but the list is only a first

approximation due to variability in micro-climate, slope, rockiness and soils.

Cabbage, Carrot, Coastcross 2, Cowpeas, Lucerne (irrigated), Maize (irrigated), Potatoes, Smuts

Finger Grass, Sorghum (dryland or irrigated), Soyabeans (irrigated), Sugar cane (irrigated),

Sunflower, Tomatoes.

STb3 ASHBURTON

TERRAIN

Terrain type: Broken


Slope: Steep

Extent of cultivation: Limited

Potential soil erosion hazard rating: 4.7 (High Risk).

VEGETATION

Bioresource Group: Valley bushveld


ARABILITY



annual cropping.

SUMMARY OF SOILS

35.0% of the BRU is arable. 54.3% of the arable land is high potential. Sandy soils make up

2.3% of the area. Shallow soils occupy 45.2% of the BRU. Duplex soils are 5.4% of the BRU.

Soils of moderate to poor drainage occupy 50.2%.



CLIMATE


Mean rainfall

(mm)

691 100 92 89 41 25 14 13 25 38 73 88 93

Mean temp

(oC)

18.8 22.4 22.5 21.7 19.4 16.8 14.2 14.2 15.8 17.6 18.8 20.0 21.7


Frost hazard rating: Rare.


Semi-intensive farming systems.

The land has restricted potential. There are regular and/or moderate to severe limitations due to

soil, slope, temperature or rainfall. Appropriate contour protection must be implemented.

VELD PRODUCTION





Cabbage, Carrot, Coastcross 2, Cowpeas, Lucerne (irrigated), Maize (dryland or irrigated),

Potatoes, Smuts Finger Grass, Sorghum (dryland or irrigated), Soyabeans (irrigated), Sugar cane

(irrigated), Sunflower, Tomatoes.

Ta5 NAGLE DAM

TERRAIN

Terrain type: Valley/broken


Slope: Steep



VEGETATION

Bioresource Group: Valley Bushveld




ARABILITY


annual cropping.


SUMMARY OF SOILS

53.1% of the BRU is arable. 65.3% of the arable land is high potential. Sandy soils makes up

3.0% of the area. Shallow soils occupy 28.8% of the BRU, duplex soils occupy 7.8% and soils of

moderate to poor drainage occupy 29.2% of the BRU.

CLIMATE


Mean rainfall

(mm)

694 108 94 91 52 23 11 13 25 41 70 87 79

Mean temp

(oC)

19.7 23.3 23.4 22.7 20.3 17.7 15.1 15.0 16.6 18.5 19.7 20.9 22.7


Frost hazard rating: None



The land has very restricted potential. There are regular and/or severe limitations due to soil,

slope, temperature or rainfall. It is non-arable.

VELD PRODUCTION


Tb11 DOORNRUG

TERRAIN



Slope: Steep





VEGETATION



ARABILITY


27.24% of the total area consists of arable ecotopes with slopes of 12-40%, non-rocky and

suitable for perennial pastures, cane and timber only.

SUMMARY OF SOILS


3.7% of the area. Shallow soils occupy 59.3% of the BRU. Duplex soils are 1.7% of the area.

Soils of moderate to poor drainage occupy 66.2%.

CLIMATE


Mean rainfall

(mm)

691 100 92 89 41 25 14 13 25 38 73 88 93

Mean temp

(oC)

18.3 21.8 21.9 21.2 19.0 16.6 14.1 14.0 15.5 17.2 18.3 19.4 21.1


Frost hazard rating: Rare.



The land has very restricted potential. There are regular and/or severe limitations due to soil,

slope, temperature or rainfall. It is non-arable.

VELD PRODUCTION


TUa4 Ntshongweni

TERRAIN

Terrain type: Valley


Slope: Steep





VEGETATION


Vegetation pattern: Bushland thicket.

ARABILITY

27.98% of the total area consists of ecotopes with slopes>40%, non-rocky, but not recommended

for cultivation.

27.34% of the total area consists of ecotopes with slopes >40%, rocky and not recommended for

cultivation.

SUMMARY OF SOILS

Sandy soils make up 83.7% of the area. Shallow soils occupy 67.1% of the BRU. Soils of

moderate to poor drainage occupy 74.8%.

CLIMATE


Mean rainfall

(mm)

731 103 90 94 48 33 14 17 28 49 80 89 86

Mean temp

(oC)

19.2 22.7 22.8 22.1 19.9 17.4 15.0 14.9 16.2 18.0 19.1 20.3 22.0

Climate capability rating: C5 (climatic limitations to production are moderate to severe)

Frost hazard rating: None.



The land has very low potential. There are very severe limitations due to soil, slope, temperature

or rainfall. It is non-arable.

VELD PRODUCTION




TUb11 KILLARNEY ISLES

TERRAIN

Terrain type: Rolling/broken

Altitude range: 551- 724 m

Slope: Steep



VEGETATION

Bioresource Group: Coastal Hinterland Thornveld

Vegetation pattern: Bushland thicket, Bushed Grassland.

ARABILITY

36.03% of the total are consists of ecotopes with slopes of 12-40%, non-rocky, but suitable only

for perennial pastures, sugar cane and timber.

Only 12.42% of the total area consists of arable ecotopes with slopes <12%, suitable for annual

cropping.

SUMMARY OF SOILS


12.0% of the BRU. Shallow soils occupy 69.4%, while soils of moderate to poor drainage occupy

54.1% of the BRU.

CLIMATE


Mean rainfall

(mm)

713 96 89 104 43 26 15 16 24 37 74 90 99

Mean temp

(oC)

18.4 22.0 22.2 21.3 19.0 16.4 13.9 13.8 15.4 17.3 18.5 19.7 21.4


Frost hazard rating: Occasional.



The land has restricted potential. There are regular and/or moderate to severe limitations due to

soil, slope, temperature or rainfall.



VELD PRODUCTION





Bananas (irrigated), Cabbage, Carrot, Coastcross 2, Cowpeas, Dry beans, Groundnuts (dryland or

irrigated), Lucerne (irrigated), Maize (dryland or irrigated), Potatoes, Smuts Finger Grass, Sorghum

(dryland or irrigated), Soyabeans (dryland or irrigated), Sugar cane (irrigated), Sunflower,

Tomatoes.

Ua10 INANDA DAM

TERRAIN



Slope: Steep



VEGETATION



ARABILITY

Only 9.78% of the total area consists of arable ecotopes with slope<12%, non rocky and suitable

for annual cropping.

27.14% of the total area consists of ecotopes with slopes>40%, non-rocky, but not recommended

for cultivation.

23.26% consists of ecotopes with slopes 12-40%, non-rocky but only suitable for perennial

pastures, cane and timber.

SUMMARY OF SOILS

22.1% of the BRU is arable, 32.5% of the arable land is high potential. Sandy soils make up 4.2

of the area. Shallow soils occupy 51.2% of the BRU, while soils of poor to moderate drainage

occupy 46.7%.



CLIMATE


Mean rainfall

(mm)

731 114 99 81 49 31 13 14 31 58 72 88 81

Mean temp

(oC)

20.1 23.5 23.7 23.0 20.8 18.4 15.9 15.8 17.1 18.8 19.9 21.1 22.8





The land has a low potential. There are severe limitations due to soil, slope, temperature or

rainfall. It is non arable.

VELD PRODUCTION


Ub17 SITHUMBA

TERRAIN



Slope: Steep



VEGETATION


Vegetation pattern: Bushed grassland, Bushland/Bushland thicket.

ARABILITY

Only 0.81% of the total area consists of arable ecotopes with slopes <12%, non-rocky and

suitable for annual cropping.

30.19% of the total area consists of ecotopes with slopes >40%, non-rocky, but not

recommended for cultivation.





SUMMARY OF SOILS

12.8% of the total area is arable. 4.8% of the arable land is high potential. Sandy soils make up

2.8% of the area, shallow soils occupy 59.1%, while soils of moderate to poor drainage occupy

54.8%.

CLIMATE


Mean rainfall

(mm)

737 103 97 87 48 32 13 14 28 47 75 98 95

Mean temp

(oC)

19.1 22.4 22.6 21.9 19.8 17.6 15.2 15.1 16.3 17.9 18.9 20.0. 21.7





The land has a low potential. There are severe limitations due to soil, slope, temperature or

rainfall. It is non-arable.

VELD PRODUCTION


Vb15 CATO RIDGE

TERRAIN

Terrain type: Mainly rolling, partly broken


Slope: Generally steep (>12%), some moderate (5-12%)

Extent of cultivation: Widespread


VEGETATION

Bioresource Group: Dry Coast Hinterland Ngongoni Veld

Vegetation pattern: Grassland, Bushed grassland.

ARABILITY

37.49% of the BRU consists of non-arable ecotopes with slopes less than or equal to 12%.



26.10% of the BRU consists of ecotopes that have slopes of 12-40%, are non-rocky and suitable

for perennial pastures, sugar cane and timber only.

19.84% of the BRU is made up of arable ecotopes that have slopes less than or equal to 12%, are

non-rocky and suitable for annual cropping.

9.93% of the BRU is considered high potential.

SUMMARY OF SOILS

30% of the BRU is arable. 33.1% of the arable land is high potential. Sandy soils make up 26.5%

of the BRU, shallow soils 49.6% and moderate to poor drainage soils, 62.8%.

CLIMATE


Mean rainfall

(mm)

767 115 102 94 53 35 14 14 26 41 71 97 105

Mean temp

(oC)

18.0 21.5 21.6 20.9 18.7 16.2 13.7 13.7 15.1 16.9 18.0 19.1 20.9

Climate capability rating: C4 (climatic limitations to production are moderate)

Frost hazard rating: Occasional



The land has a good potential. There are infrequent and/or minor limitations due to soil, slope,

temperature or rainfall. Appropriate contour protection must be implemented.

VELD PRODUCTION





Bananas (irrigated), Cabbage, Carrot, Coastcross 2, Cowpeas, Dry beans, Groundnuts (dryland or

irrigated), Lucerne (irrigated), Maize (dryland or irrigated), Oats (dryland or irrigated), Potatoes,

Ryegrass (annual), Smuts Finger Grass, Sorghum (dryland or irrigated), Soyabeans (dryland or

irrigated), Sugar cane (dryland or irrigated), Sunflower, Tomatoes.



VWa4 MAMBUNWINI

TERRAIN



Slope: Steep



VEGETATION

Bioresource Group: Dry Coastal Forest, Thorn and Palm Veld

Vegetation pattern: Bushland, Bushland Thicket, Bushed Grassland.

ARABILITY





SUMMARY OF SOILS


5.6% of the area. Shallow soils occupy 43.8% of the BRU. Duplex soils make up 1.0% of the

BRU, while soils of moderate to poor drainage occupy 47.2%.

CLIMATE


Mean rainfall

(mm)

813 126 110 91 55 34 14 15 35 65 80 98 90

Mean temp

(oC)

19.9 23.2 23.4 22.7 20.6 18.3 15.9 15.8 17.0 18.6 19.7 20.8 22.6

Climate capability rating: C3 (climatic limitations to production are slight to moderate)




The land has a very restricted potential. There are regular and/or severe limitations due to soil,

slope, temperature or rainfall. It is non arable.



VELD PRODUCTION


VWb4 SPRING VALLEY

TERRAIN


Altitude range: 331 – 787 m

Slope: Moderate/steep



VEGETATION


Vegetation pattern: Grassland.

ARABILITY



41.27% of the BRU consists of non-arable ecotopes with slopes <12.



SUMMARY OF SOILS

2.6% of the BRU is arable. 9.4% of the arable land is high potential. Sandy soil makes up 83.2%

of the area. Shallow soils occupy 42.4% of the BRU while soils of moderate to poor drainage

occupy 82.8%.

CLIMATE


Mean rainfall

(mm)

788 99 98 99 50 40 30 24 24 37 73 103 111

Mean temp

(oC)

18.4 21.8 21.9 21.2 19.1 16.8 14.4 14.3 15.5 17.2 18.2 19.4 21.1

Climate capability rating: C4 (climatic limitations to production are moderate)






The land has a good potential. There are infrequent and/or moderate limitations due to soil,

slope, temperature or rainfall. Appropriate contour protection must be implemented.

VELD PRODUCTION





Bananas (irrigated), Cabbage, Carrot, Coastcross 2, Cowpeas, Dry beans, Groundnuts (dryland and

irrigated), Lucerne (irrigated), Maize (dryland or irrigated), Potatoes, Smuts Finger Grass, Sorghum

(dryland or irrigated), Soyabeans (dryland or irrigated), Star grass (irrigated), Sugar cane


VWb5 VALLEY OF A THOUSAND HILLS

TERRAIN



Slope: Steep



VEGETATION


Vegetation pattern: Bushland, Bush clumped grassland, Bushland thicket/forest.

ARABILITY





35.96% consists of ecotopes with slopes >40%, non-rocky but not recommended for cultivation.



SUMMARY OF SOILS

22.5% of the BRU is arable.9.6% of the arable land is high potential. Sandy soils make up 3.4%

of the area. Shallow soils occupy 50% of the BRU, while soils of moderate to poor drainage

occupy 48.1%.

CLIMATE


Mean rainfall

(mm)

836 141 125 91 56 32 10 12 30 55 82 100 102

Mean temp

(oC)

18.9 22.2 22.4 21.7 19.6 17.3 14.9 14.8 16.2 17.8 18.8 19.9 21.6

Climate capability rating: C2 (climatic limitations to production are slight)





limitations due to soil, slope, temperature or rainfall. Appropriate contour protection must be

implemented.

VELD PRODUCTION





Bananas (irrigated), Cabbage, Carrot, Cowpeas, Dry beans, Lucerne (irrigated), Maize (dryland or

irrigated), Potatoes, Sorghum (dryland or irrigated), Soyabeans (dryland or irrigated), Star grass

(irrigated), Sugar cane (irrigated), Tomatoes.

Wa5 KWA NDAYA

TERRAIN



Slope: Moderate





VEGETATION

Bioresource Group: Moist Coastal Forest, Thorn and Palm Veld

Vegetation pattern: Bushed Grassland, Bushland/Forest.

ARABILITY





27.03% consists of ecotopes with slopes 12-40%, rocky and only suitable for certain timber

species and stoloniferous pastures.

21.50% consists of ecotopes with slopes >40%, rocky and not recommended for cultivation.

SUMMARY OF SOILS

5.2% of the BRU is arable. None of the BRU is considered high potential. Sandy soil makes up

38.3% of the area. Shallow soils occupy 83.0% of the BRU while soils of moderate to poor

drainage occupy 73.9%.

CLIMATE


Mean rainfall

(mm)

836 120 99 89 52 45 30 27 34 52 86 101 101

Mean temp

(oC)

19.7 22.9 23.2 22.5 20.5 18.3 16.1 15.9 16.8 18.3 19.3 20.5 22.2







VELD PRODUCTION









(dryland or irrigated), Sugar cane (irrigated), Sunflower, Tomatoes.

Wa6 EMAKULUZENI

TERRAIN



Slope: Steep



VEGETATION


Vegetation pattern: Bushed Grassland, Bush Clumped Grassland/Bushland.

ARABILITY






SUMMARY OF SOILS


14.1% of the area. Shallow soils occupy 35.6% of the BRU, duplex soils cover 2.5% of the BRU

while soils of moderate to poor drainage occupy 48.7%.



CLIMATE


Mean rainfall

(mm)

826 117 108 104 48 37 16 14 29 54 86 106 107

Mean temp

(oC)

19.5 22.9 23.0 22.3 20.2 17.9 15.5 15.4 16.6 18.2 19.2 20.5 22.2





The land has restricted potential. There are regular and/or moderate limitations due to soil, slope,

temperature or rainfall.

VELD PRODUCTION







(dryland or irrigated), Sugar cane (irrigated), Sunflower, Tomatoes.

Wa7 SHEMBE

TERRAIN






VEGETATION


Vegetation pattern: Bushland, Bushland Thicket.



ARABILITY



30.74% consists of non-arable ecotopes with slopes <12%.



SUMMARY OF SOILS


12.1% of the area. Shallow soils occupy 54.7% of the BRU, 4.2% of the area has duplex soils,

while soils of moderate to poor drainage occupy 78.7%.

CLIMATE


Mean rainfall

(mm)

841 131 114 94 56 35 15 16 36 67 83 101 93

Mean temp

(oC)

20.0 23.3 23.5 22.8 20.8 18.7 16.4 16.2 17.1 18.6 19.6 20.8 22.6

Climate capability rating: C1 (climatic limitations to production are none to slight)





limitations due to soil, slope, temperature or rainfall.

VELD PRODUCTION





Bananas (irrigated), Cabbage, Carrot, Dry beans, Maize (dryland or irrigated), Potatoes, Soyabeans

(dryland or irrigated), Star grass (dryland or irrigated), Sugar cane (irrigated), Tomatoes.



Wa8 MARIANHILL

TERRAIN

Terrain type: Mainly broken


Slope: Generally steep (>12%)



VEGETATION


Vegetation pattern: Bushed grassland.

ARABILITY

25.66% of the total area has slopes of 12-40%, is non-rocky and suitable for perennial pastures,

sugar cane and timber only.

21.90% of the total area is non-arable with slopes less than or equal to 12%.

21.15% of total area has slopes >40% and while non-rocky is not recommended for any form of

cultivation.

Only 6.71% of the total area consists of arable ecotopes that have slopes less than or equal to

12%, are non-rocky and suitable for annual cropping.

Only 1.32% is considered high potential.

SUMMARY OF SOILS

15.2% of the BRU is arable, while 8.7% of this is considered high potential. Sandy soils make up

42.1%of the BRU, shallow soils 54.3% and soils of moderate to poor drainage 69.3%.

CLIMATE


Mean rainfall

(mm)

842 131 114 94 57 35 15 16 36 67 83 101 93

Mean temp

(oC)

19.8 23.2 23.4 22.7 20.5 18.2 15.8 15.6 16.8 18.5 19.6 20.8 22.5







The land has a moderate potential but there are moderately regular and/or sever to moderate


VELD PRODUCTION






irrigated), Potatoes, Sorghum (dryland or irrigated), Soyabeans (dryland or irrigated), Star grasss

(dryland or irrigated), Sugar cane (irrigated), Tomatoes.

Wb15 KWA NONGIDI

TERRAIN



Slope: Steep



VEGETATION

Bioresource Group: Moist Coast Hinterland Ngongoni Veld

Vegetation pattern: Grassland, Bushed Grassland.

ARABILITY







SUMMARY OF SOILS




CLIMATE


Mean rainfall

(mm)

834 120 105 111 51 35 24 21 29 53 82 104 99

Mean temp

(oC)

18.9 22.3 22.4 21.8 19.7 17.4 15.0 14.9 16.0 17.6 18.7 19.9 21.6







VELD PRODUCTION







(dryland or irrigated), Sugar cane (irrigated), Tomatoes.

Wb16 DRUMMOND

TERRAIN



Slope: Steep





VEGETATION


Vegetation pattern: Bushed Grassland.

ARABILITY






SUMMARY OF SOILS




CLIMATE


Mean rainfall

(mm)

823 104 102 11 54 39 22 21 30 57 81 102 101

Mean temp

(oC)

18.6 21.8 22.0 21.3 19.3 17.2 14.9 14.7 15.8 17.3 18.3 19.4 21.1




Semi intensive farming systems.



VELD PRODUCTION








irrigated), Potatoes, Sorghum (dryland or irrigated), Soyabeans (dryland or irrigated), Sugar cane


Ya11 MATABETULE

TERRAIN






VEGETATION


Vegetation pattern: Bush Clump Grassland.

NO ECOTOPE DATA IS AVAILABLE

CLIMATE


Mean rainfall

(mm)

900 140 122 100 60 38 16 17 38 72 89 108 100

Mean temp

(oC)

20.4 23.8 24.0 23.3 21.2 18.9 16.4 16.3 17.5 19.1 20.2 21.4 23.1



Ya12 SOUTH COAST

TERRAIN

Terrain type: Mainly rolling


Slope: Generally steep (>12%)





VEGETATION


Vegetation pattern: Bushed grassland, Bushland thicket.

ARABILITY

34.17% of the BRU is made up of non-arable ecotopes with slopes less than or equal to 12%.

30.86% of the BRU consists of ecotopes that have slopes of 12-40%, are non-rocky and only

suitable for perennial pastures, sugar cane and timber.

18.44% of the BRU consists of ecotopes with 12-40% slopes, are rocky, and are only suitable for

certain timber species and stoloniferous pastures.

SUMMARY OF SOILS

10.6% of the BRU is arable, while 16.4% of this is high potential. Sandy soils make up 24.1% of

the BRU, shallow soils 58.0%, and soils of moderate to poor drainage, 67.6%.

CLIMATE


Mean rainfall

(mm)

996 113 134 101 57 66 18 33 57 60 121 120 116

Mean temp

(oC)

19.7 22.9 23.1 22.5 20.6 18.5 16.5 16.1 16.8 18.2 19.2 20.4 22.1





The land has a high potential. There are infrequent and/or minor limitations due to soil, slope,


VELD PRODUCTION







Bananas (irrigated), Cabbage, Carrot, Cotton (dryland or irrigated), Dry beans, Eucalyptus (Gum),

Pinus elliotti, Pinus taeda, Potatoes, Soyabeans (dryland or irrigated), Star grass (dryland or

irrigated), Sugar cane (dryland or irrigated), Tomatoes.

Ya13 DURBAN

TERRAIN



Slope: Steep/moderate



VEGETATION


Vegetation pattern: Bushed grassland/Forest.

ARABILITY







SUMMARY OF SOILS




CLIMATE


Mean rainfall

(mm)

939 114 113 116 71 52 29 26 40 66 99 107 106

Mean temp

(oC)

20.2 23.5 23.7 23.0 21.0 18.8 16.6 16.3 17.2 18.7 19.8 21.0 22.8









VELD PRODUCTION





Bananas (irrigated), Cabbage, Carrot, Dry beans, Eucalyptus, Pinus elliotti, Potatoes, Soyabeans

(dryland or irrigated), Star grass (dryland or irrigated), Sugar cane (dryland or irrigated),

Tomatoes.

Ya14 NORTH COAST

TERRAIN






VEGETATION


Vegetation pattern: Bushed grassland, Bushland thicket.

ARABILITY

50.53% of the total area is classified as being non-arable with a slope less than or equal to 12%.

26.65% of the total area has slopes of 12-40%, is non-rocky and is suitable for certain timber

species and stoloniferous pastures.

Only 9.57% of the total area is classified as arable ecotopes with a slope less than or equal to

12%, suitable for annual cropping.



Only 5.94% of the total area is classified as high potential.

SUMMARY OF SOILS

19.7% of the area is arable, with 30.1% of this being high potential. Sandy soils make up 20.2%

of the area. Shallow soils occupy 45.6% of the BRU. Soils of moderate to poor drainage occupy

66.9%.

CLIMATE


Mean rainfall

(mm)

973 126 127 114 70 55 33 26 42 68 91 111 110

Mean temp

(oC)

20.5 23.8 24 23.2 21.2 19 16.7 16.5 17.5 19.1 20.1 21.4 23.1





The land has a high potential but there are minor limitations due to soil, temperature or rainfall.

Appropriate contour protection must be implemented.

VELD PRODUCTION





Bananas (irrigated), Cabbage, Carrot, Cotton (dryland or irrigated), Dry beans, Eucalyptus (Gum),

Pinus elliotti, Pinus taeda, Potatoes, Soyabeans (dryland or irrigated), Star grass (dryland or

irrigated), Sugar cane (dryland or irrigated), Tomatoes.

Yb11 MBUMBULA

TERRAIN








VEGETATION


Vegetation pattern: Grassland, Bush Clump Grassland/Forest.

ARABILITY


annual cropping.




SUMMARY OF SOILS




CLIMATE


Mean rainfall

(mm)

956 138 121 127 59 40 27 24 33 61 94 119 113

Mean temp

(oC)

18.6 21.9 22.1 21.4 19.4 17.2 14.9 14.7 15.7 17.3 18.4 19.5 21.2







VELD PRODUCTION







Bananas (irrigated), Cabbage, Carrot, Dry beans, Eucalyptus, Lucerne (irrigated), Maize (dryland

or irrigated), Pinus elliotti, Pinus taeda, Potatoes, Sorghum (dryland or irrigated), Soyabeans

(dryland or irrigated), Sugar cane (dryland or irrigated), Tomatoes.

Wattle.

Yb13 OZWATINI

TERRAIN



Slope: Steep



VEGETATION


Vegetation pattern: Grassland, Bushed Grassland, Forest

ARABILITY





SUMMARY OF SOILS






CLIMATE


Mean rainfall

(mm)

940 133 123 118 55 42 18 16 33 62 98 121 121

Mean temp

(oC)

18.6 21.7 21.8 21.2 19.2 17.2 14.9 14.8 15.9 17.4 18.2 19.3 21.0




Semi intensive farming systems.



VELD PRODUCTION






or irrigated), Pinus elliotti, Potatoes, Sorghum (dryland or irrigated), Soyabeans (dryland or

irrigated), Sugar cane (dryland or irrigated), Tomatoes, Wattle.

Yb14 INANDA

TERRAIN





Potential soil erosion hazard rating: 5.2 (Moderate Risk).

VEGETATION


Vegetation pattern: Bushed Grassland, Forest.



ARABILITY


annual cropping.



SUMMARY OF SOILS




CLIMATE


Mean rainfall

mm)

969 151 131 108 65 41 17 18 41 77 96 117 107

Mean temp

(oC)

19.4 22.1 224 21.9 20.2 18.6 16.6 16.4 16.8 17.9 18.7 19.7 21.4




Intensive farming systems.



VELD PRODUCTION





Bananas (irrigated), Cabbage, Carrot, Dry beans, Eucalyptus, Pinus elliotti, Potatoes, Soyabeans

(dryland or irrigated), Star grass (dryland or irrigated), Sugar cane (dryland or irrigated),

Tomatoes.



Yb15 GILLITS

TERRAIN





Potential soil erosion hazard rating: 5.4 (Moderate Risk).

VEGETATION


Vegetation pattern: Bushed Grassland.

ARABILITY






SUMMARY OF SOILS




CLIMATE


Mean rainfall

(mm)

920 116 114 123 61 44 24 24 34 64 90 113 113

Mean temp

(oC)

18.7 21.9 22. 21.4 19.4 17.4 15.1 15.0 15.9 17.4 18.4 19.5 21.2




Intensive farming systems.





VELD PRODUCTION






or irrigated), Pinus elliotti, Potatoes, Sorghum (dryland or irrigated), Soyabeans (dryland or

irrigated), Sugar cane (dryland or irrigated), Tomatoes, Wattle.

3 WATER RESOURCES

When referring to water resources located within eThekwini, both natural and man-made sources

are considered. Water resources include:

• Rivers

• Dams

• Boreholes

• Weirs

• Municipal Mains water supply.

The rivers, dams, and weirs, as well as the various catchments, are presented in Figure 13, while

reticulated water supply (piped water) and boreholes are shown in Figure 14. It should be noted

that the reticulated water supply, as well as many of the weirs and boreholes are principally for

domestic use, rather than serving agricultural production.

4 EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE

4.1 ROADS AND RAILWAYS

The network of roads and railways that service the eThekwini Municipality are shown in Figure 15.

The availability of this infrastructure has serious implications in terms of both production and



marketing of produce. Inputs must be taken in, while agricultural produce must be transported to

markets if it is not being sold locally.

The National road linking Durban and Johannesburg (N3), as well as the N2, which runs north -

south along the coast, are the largest roads within eThekwini. The network of tarred roads is

generally limited to the more developed areas. A number of traditional settlement areas are

situated on provincial roads (e.g Umbumbulu).

The rail network links Durban with the hinterland, and this line passes through Cato Ridge. A

second line runs in a north-south direction along the coast.

4.2 ELECTRICITY

The extent of electrification throughout eThekwini is shown in Figure 16. Most of the municipal

area is now electrified. This has implications for agriculture in terms of pumps that can be used

for irrigation, refrigeration facilities for produce, etc. In many rural areas, electricity is only used

for lighting and for running electrical appliances such as televisions and radios. Many households

thus still rely on collecting firewood for cooking.



Figure 13: Catchments, rivers, dams and weirs located within rural eThekwini

(Umgeni Water).



Figure 14: Municipal Mains water supply and borehole coverage within rural

eThekwini (Corporate GIS, eThekwini Municipality).

ETH

EKW

INI

AG

RIC

ULTU

RAL S

TATU

S Q

UO

PREPARED

BY:

INSTIT

UTE O

F N

ATU

RAL R

ESO

URCES

57

Fig

ure

15

:E

xis

tin

g r

oa

ds a

nd

ra

il n

etw

ork

s w

ith

in r

ura

l e

Th

ek

win

i –

in

co

mp

lete

(D

ep

art

me

nt

of

Tra

nsp

ort

).

ETHEKWINI AGRICULTURAL STATUS QUO

PREPARED BY: INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES58

Figure 16: Electricity coverage (percentage of households electrified) within

eThekwini Municipality (2001 Census data).



5 EXISTING AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES

The existence of the following agricultural activities within eThekwini Municipality has been

investigated:

• Livestock enterprises

- Dairy

- Beef

- Pigs

- Small stock (sheep/goats)

- Poultry

- Aquaculture

• Cropping enterprises

• Vegetable enterprises

- Hydroponics

- Market gardens

- Organic production

• Fruit production enterprises

• Cut flower enterprises

• Timber

• Sugar cane.

Agricultural activities have been divided into three categories to facilitate discussion.

• Agricultural projects

• Agriculture within the traditional areas

• Agriculture outside the traditional areas.

It should be understood that within the traditional areas, both subsistence and small-scale

commercial operations occur.

5.1 AGRICULTURAL PROJECTS

There are a range of agricultural projects supported by government departments and non-

governmental organisations. Most of these projects are located within the traditional areas and

aim to improve household food security, create job opportunities and/or generate cash income.

Many agricultural projects involve community gardens and broiler projects, while other project

activities include vegetable production in tunnels, home-gardens and piggeries.



The agricultural-related projects identified during the study are presented spatially in Figure 17. It

should be noted that while this report focuses on the area outside the urban edge, a number of

projects supported by both the KZNDAEA and the Greater Durban Community Foundation fall

within the urban and peri-urban area. A list of the projects identified during the study is contained

within Appendix 1. This list includes name and type of project, service provider and contact

person.

Existing agricultural projects have been initiated and supported by the following organisations and

government departments:

• eThekwini Municipality

- Parks and Recreation

- Economic Development Unit

- Rural ABM Office

- Corporate Services Unit

• KZN Department of Agriculture and Environmental Affairs (KZNDAEA)

• Department of Social Development

• Department of Health

• World Vision

• Heifer International – South Africa

• The Valley Trust

• The Greater Durban Community Foundation / Toyota.

5.1.1 KZN DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS

The Department has funded, and supports, a large number of agricultural projects within

eThekwini. A number of these are still under implementation, meaning that fencing and irrigation

still have to be provided. Projects that have been handed over to the beneficiaries are operational

and said to be closed. These projects still obtain extension support from the local Agricultural

Development Technician (ADT).

There are 81 KZNDAEA projects (17 not shown on the map due to absence of co-ordinates)

located within eThekwini. In addition, 27 projects (6 not shown due to absence of co-ordinates)

within eThekwini, also serviced by KZNDAEA, have been identified since December 2003 to be

included in the Poverty Alleviation Programme. The KZNDAEA project activities include vegetable

production, broiler production, irrigation schemes, nurseries, deciduous fruit production, sewing

and piggeries. The focus areas served by the projects are income generation, food security and

youth in agriculture.



5.1.2 ETHEKWINI MUNICIPALITY

Various departments within the eThekwini Municipality have initiated agricultural projects. The

mandate for urban agriculture falls under Parks, Leisure and Cemeteries Department (PLC). Most

urban agriculture projects are located within the urban edge and therefore are not directly

applicable to this study. A number of projects were also identified by PLC to be funded by the

Rural ABM Office. Some grass cutting and bush cutting council projects are located within the

Rural ABM area. The Economic Development Unit has two agricultural projects. The one is an

indigenous medicinal (muthi) plant project at Umbumbulu, the other is an organic farming project

at Inanda (Tea Estate). The Corporate Services Unit, falling under the GIPO cluster, initiated the

Magabheni Waste Water Project.

5.1.3 KZN DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL WELFARE AND POPULATION DEVELOPMENT

The KwaZulu-Natal Department of Social Welfare and Population Development has a substantial

number of agricultural type projects (poultry and vegetable production/gardens) located

throughout the eThekwini Municipal area. Development workers based at the district offices

provide support to these projects. Details of 29 projects identified during the study are

summarised in Appendix 1.

5.1.4 KZN DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH

The Community Based Nutrition Programme is one activity of the Integrated Nutrition Programme

of the Department of Health. The projects implemented under this programme were known as

Food Production Projects. Initially broiler and garden projects were funded within communities.

This is no longer occurring, and all projects are now linked to existing health facilities, such as

clinics. There are approximately 35 clinic garden projects located within eThekwini Municipality.

The aim of the gardens is to target people who are already benefiting from the Protein Energy

Malnutrition (PEM) programme. Where the clinics have insufficient space for establishment of a

vegetable garden, alternative arrangements are made with local landowners. The location of the

projects has not been determined during his study, but their existence is noted.

5.1.5 HEIFER INTERNATIONAL – SOUTH AFRICA

Heifer International is a non-governmental organisation working in rural communities. The Head

office (and KwaZulu-Natal Office) for Heifer International - South Africa is located in Hillcrest.



Heifer International currently has six projects within the eThekwini Municipality, located at

KwaNyuswa, Inanda, Ndwedwe, KwaXimba and Shongweni.

5.1.6 THE VALLEY TRUST

The Valley Trust (TVT) works with emerging small-scale farmers, the focus of their work being

household food security and the promotion of a sustainable approach to land use, which includes

organic production methods. Their programmes promote good nutrition as well as conservation of

agro-biodiversity. The traditional authorities that TVT works with include Qadi, Ngcolosi and

KwaNyuswa, all falling within a region known as Kwa-Dedangendlala. TVT is also involved with

school nutrition programmes in KwaXimba and Umbumbulu.

5.1.7 GREATER DURBAN COMMUNITY FOUNDATION (GDCF)

GDCF is located in Durban and is involved with six garden projects in the Folweni area, funded by

Toyota. GDCF would like to play a role of coordinating agricultural activities, especially where a

number of service providers are operating within the same community.



Figure 17: Agricultural projects run by various service providers within eThekwini

Municipality.



5.2 AGRICULTURE WITHIN THE TRADITIONAL AREAS

Most of the agricultural activities within the traditional areas are of a subsistence nature.

Commercial activities do occur, the most important one within eThekwini Municipality being small-

scale cane production. The location of small cane growers as well as woodlots is shown in Fig. 19.

Results of a rapid scan analysis of agriculture in the traditional areas conducted with the assistance

of a number of Agricultural Development Technicians (ADT) working within eThekwini, together

with discussions with other stakeholders, revealed the following:

5.2.1 CANE AND WOODLOTS

Cane production within the traditional areas is classified as small-scale commercial because it is an

income-generating activity, but is undertaken on a limited scale.

Tongaat-Huletts and Illovo Sugar both have small grower schemes in place. The cane from small

growers that market to Tongaat-Huletts goes to the Maidstone Mill. There are approximately 8000

growers in the Ndwedwe, Inanda, Maidstone, Greylands, Emona and Isinembe areas. They have

fields ranging from 0.5 to 60-70 hectares in size. Of the small growers, 75% have areas of cane

between 0.5 and 1.5 hectares in size.

All small grower cane that goes to Illovo Sugar is received at the Sezela Mill. Some small grower

cane does go to the Eston Mill, but this is normally diverted to the Sezela Mill. Much of the small

grower cane that is received at Sezela Mill originates from areas outside of eThekwini Municipality.

In terms of eThekwini itself, approximately 40 small growers are located in the Umnini area while

approximately 160 are located in the Umbumbulu area. The fields of cane owned by these small

growers are approximately 1.5 hectares in size.

As can be seen from the map, woodlots are mainly located in the vicinity of Umbumbulu. There

are also some woodlots in the Mkhize traditional area, which lies in the north of the Municipal

Area. Most of the woodlots were established through the SAPPI small grower scheme. In the

past, Lima Rural Development Foundation was the implementing agent for this programme.

Woodlots range in size from 0.1 to 1 hectare in size, with larger woodlots measuring 2 hectares.



5.2.2 AQUACULTURE

Aquaculture is often identified as a niche agricultural sector with the potential to create jobs and

alleviate rural poverty. Within eThekwini, various projects linked to specifically the Nagle, Inanda

and Umnini Dams have previously been identified and investigated. These investigations focused

primarily on eels (Umnini), catfish and tilapia.

A 2002 investigation into the potential of the aquaculture industry in KwaZulu-Natal established

that considerable potential does exist within this industry. However, it was suggested that before

successfully exploiting this potential in rural areas a number of issues should receive attention,

including:

• Cultivating the appropriate technical management skills to support individuals and

communities in such endeavors.

• Identifying and confirming access to local and overseas markets.

• Encouraging South Africans to be involved in the aquaculture industry, to realize the

benefits of fish as an alternative source of protein.

5.2.3 SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE WITHIN THE TRADITIONAL AREAS

• Almost all the farmers grow maize. Lands normally range from 0.1 to 0.5 hectares in size,

with large lands measuring 1 - 3 hectares.

• Dry beans are grown by most farmers. Average-sized lands range in size from 0.1 to 0.3

hectares, with large lands measuring 0.8 hectares.

• In most of the tribal areas, a few households have bananas. They normally only have

between 2 and 10 plants per homestead.

• Very few households have mango trees.

• Few households have papaya, and those that do generally have less than five plants.

• Citrus is also not common.

• Almost all households plant amadumbe. Their lands range from 0.1 to 0.5 hectares in size.

Large lands may measure 1 hectare.

• In some areas, groundnuts are a commonly grown crop.

• In some traditional areas cattle are common, while in other areas only a few households

own any. In all areas, the number of cattle per household is limited, ranging from 2 to 8,

with large herds of 12 to 20 being the exception.

• Goats are owned by households in all traditional areas although in some areas more

households own goats than in others. The number owned by a household varies from 1 to

3, with flocks of 10 or 15 being the exception.



• Few households own pigs, and their numbers are generally restricted to 2 per homestead.

• No households are known to keep laying hens (except Heifer International projects).

• Many households keep indigenous chickens, and a few keep broilers (commonly batches of

100 – 300).

• Most produce is consumed by the household or sold locally. Some farmers make use of the

municipal farmers’ markets at Tongaat and Verulam to market maize and dry beans.

Some problems that farmers experience are:

• Financing of projects

• Scarcity of land

• Lack of land preparation implements

• The need for fencing to keep livestock out of fields

• Lack of water for irrigation

• High cost of using Municipal water for agriculture.



Figure 19: The location of woodlots and small-scale cane growers within rural

eThekwini (SAPPI and SASA).



5.3 AGRICULTURE OUTSIDE THE TRADITIONAL AREAS

5.3.1 CANE

Large-scale cane production occurs in the northern reaches of the Municipality, beyond Mount

Edgecombe. The towns included in the northern cane belt would be Verulam, Tongaat and

Maidstone. Large-scale cane operations are also happening in the western regions of the

Municipality, from Hillcrest to Cato Ridge. Some large-scale cane operations are also found in the

southern part of the Municipality, in the vicinity of Umkomaas (Figure 20).

5.3.2 TIMBER

There are no large-scale timber operations in the area, although some timber is located in the

south, towards Umkomaas.

5.3.3 BROILERS

One of the largest agricultural industries within the eThekwini Municipality is the production of

broilers (Figure 20). The largest operation is that of Rainbow Chickens. Most of the farms are

located around Cato Ridge, and include broiler breeders, hatcheries and rearing farms. Other

smaller private concerns are also located in this area. A number of broiler farms are located in the

north, near Canelands. The location of the poultry enterprises was obtained from KwaZulu-Natal

Poultry Institute.

5.3.4 LAYERS

Egg production operations are fewer than the broiler operations, but a number do occur within the

eThekwini Municipality (Figure 20).

5.3.5 DAIRY

The number of dairies in the western region (around Cato Ridge) has declined. A number of small

dairies do exist, located in Pinetown (at the Mariannhill Monastery), Hillcrest, Alverston and Cato

Ridge (Figure 20). There are no dairies in the northern or southern parts of the municipality.



5.3.6 BEEF

There is very little commercial beef production occurring within the eThekwini Municipality. Two

operations with herds larger than 200 animals are located in the Camperdown area. Most cattle-

related activities involve speculation (buying and selling to the informal market). Speculators are

fairly widespread, and include those located at:

• Hillcrest, on the way to Inanda Dam

• Peacevale (Left hand side of the N3)

• At Pinetown (just past the Mariannhill Monastery, on the way to Shallcross)

• Verulam and Tongaat.

5.3.7 PIGS

A number of piggeries are located within eThekwini. The locations of commercial piggeries

serviced by Epol and Meadow Feed are shown in Figure 20.

5.3.8 SHEEP/GOATS

Activities based on sheep and goats are almost exclusively of a speculating nature. Sheep and

goats are purchased from farmers in the Northern Cape, Eastern Cape and Namibia and brought

down to KwaZulu-Natal. They are generally sold informally to wholesalers and retailed directly to

consumers. The animals are principally purchased for slaughter purposes. Most of the goats are

slaughtered for traditional/cultural reasons.

5.3.9 AQUACULTURE

The ornamental fish industry is quite strong in the coastal areas of KwaZulu-Natal and a number of

small-scale producers are located within eThekwini Municipality.

5.3.10 VEGETABLES

• Market gardens

Some market gardens are located around Verulam, La Mercy and Isipingo (Figure 20).

These gardens produce a range of vegetables demanded by the retail outlets as well as

various authentic Indian vegetables and herbs. Other market gardens are located in the

Peacevale, Hillcrest and Assegay area.



• A number of larger scale commercial producers are located at Cato Ridge, but eThekwini is

not one of the major vegetable producing areas of KwaZulu-Natal. Some hydroponics

operations do exist at Hillcrest, Shongweni, Crestholme, Waterfall and Hammarsdale (Pers

comm. Mr Hagan, Gromor).

• Organic vegetable production is taking place within eThekwini. In Umbumbulu, outside of

eThekwini, a number of black smallholder farmers are part of a project being run by the

Food Security Programme of University of KwaZulu-Natal. The project is funded by Ford

Foundation and investigates the potential for smallholder farmers to obtain organic

certification and profitably market farm and non-farm products. The Organic Agricultural

Association of South Africa (OAASA) and AFRISCO (Africa’s Farms Certified Organic) are

two important organisations supporting organic producers.

• Mushroom production is another vegetable enterprise that is located within eThekwini. At

least one commercial grower is located in Assagay (Chef Mushrooms).

5.3.11 FRUIT

There is almost no commercial fruit production occurring within the eThekwini Municipality, with

the exception of a banana producer located in the northern parts. A strawberry operation is

located at Cato Ridge.

5.3.12 CUT FLOWERS

There is very little happening in eThekwini in terms of cut flower production. A rose producer at

Killarney Isles (near Cato Ridge), a small protea grower at Shakas Rock (north of Ballito) and a

number of anthyrium growers at Ballito are known to exist. The location of these growers is

shown in Figure 20, but it should be noted that they all fall outside eThekwini Municipality.

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6 IDENTIFICATION OF AGRICULTURAL MARKETS

A range of formal and informal markets exists for agricultural products. Most commercial ventures

rely on formal markets to dispose of their products due to the volume of goods that must be

moved. Some of the available markets and processing facilities that might purchase produce within

eThekwini municipality are shown in Figure 21.

6.1 MILK

Commercial dairies normally supply quota to one of the large companies such as Clover Industries

Ltd (previously NCD) or Nestle. A number of dairies pasteurise and package their own milk, which

they then market directly to wholesalers and retailers. Some dairies also supply to processing

facilities, such as those that make cheese and yoghurt (e.g. Creighton Dairies).

Neither Clover Industries nor Nestle is currently purchasing any milk from the eThekwini Municipal

Area. Nestle indicated that they would be prepared to offer technical assistance to (and purchase

milk from) emerging dairies.

Milk produced by small-scale dairies is often sold through more informal channels. It is often sold

to local community members.

6.2 EGGS

Eggs produced by commercial layer operations are normally sold to wholesalers and retailers. Such

operations often sell their cracked or lower grade eggs through informal channels. Small-scale

operations are able to dispose of their eggs within the local community.

6.3 BROILERS

A number of private poultry abattoirs exist within eThekwini Municipality (Figure 21). These

generally only slaughter birds grown on the farm (an effort to reduce the risk of disease), and

would then supply these to wholesalers and retail outlets. Kia Ora abattoir does offer a

slaughtering service.

A large market exists for live birds. Again, the size of the operation determines the marketing

approach. Larger operations may have contracts with wholesalers whom they supply. Smaller



operations, such as the agricultural projects supported by KZNDAEA, rely largely on selling birds

locally to other community members, or taking them to pension pay points.

6.4 LIVESTOCK

A number of outlets exist for marketing cattle, sheep and goats. In the past, Stock Owners ran

regular sales at a number of locations. Their role has been taken over by a number of private

livestock auctioneers.

6.4.1 FORMAL MARKETS

• Abattoirs - One of the most formal markets that exist is the Crafcor Abattoir at Cato Ridge

(Figure 21). The Baynesfield Abattoir is an alternative market for pigs.

• Feedlots - Feedlots that purchase young stock to finish off (condition), provide another

potential market opportunity for cattle. There are no feedlots located within eThekwini

Municipality itself. The closest feedlots that could be made use of by beef producers are

Triple A and Triple C feedlots, both located near Greytown. Most feedlots purchase stock

directly from farmers.

6.4.2 INFORMAL MARKETS

There is a very large informal market for cattle, sheep and goats. Livestock can be sold directly

off farm to the end consumer, or certain speculators will also purchase livestock. Speculators are

those operators that buy and resell livestock on a short-term basis. Some may purchase directly

from farmers, while others may use of formal stock sales to obtain livestock.

Livestock owners in the traditional areas rely largely on informal marketing channels, selling

animals to members of the local communities. Speculators have now provided another channel for

small-scale farmers to dispose of animals.

6.5 VEGETABLES

A number of different markets exist for vegetables (See Figure 21 for formal markets):



MUNICIPAL BULK FRESH PRODUCE MARKETS (MBFPMS)

MBFPMs are located at Mkondeni in Pietermaritzburg and Clairwood in Durban. The markets are

managed by the Municipalities but all purchasing and selling of vegetables is done by Market

Agents.

6.5.1 MUNICIPAL FARMERS’ MARKETS

These markets are located at Verulam, Tongaat and Clairwood. The Municipality levies a

surcharge on all produce sold at these markets. Farmers are able to market directly to

wholesalers, retailers and consumers.

6.5.2 FARMERS’ MARKETS

A number of other farmers’ markets, not managed by the Municipality, also exist. The Assegay

Farmers’ market is an important market for producers in the Hillcrest and Peacevale areas. These

are opportunities for growers to supply direct to consumers.

6.5.3 WHOLESALERS

A number of wholesale outlets exist that will purchase directly from producers. These businesses

then sell the produce on to retail outlets and/or vendors.

6.5.4 RETAILERS

A number of retail outlets will purchase directly from farmers. Some buy on contract, while others

will buy from any producer if the price and quality is right. Some Supermarkets, such as Pick n

Pay and Spar, will buy directly from farmers. Fruit and Veg City is another retail outlet that buys

directly from farmers.

6.5.5 DISTRIBUTION PLATFORMS

Distribution platforms, such as Springbok Foods that supplies hotels, hostels, etc with vegetables,

are another potential market. Large supermarket chains (e.g. Pick n Pay) also have distribution

centres from which they supply the different stores.



6.5.6 PROCESSING FACILITIES

Romac at Ballito is an example of a farm and processing facility that supplies processed and

packaged vegetables to a large retail store. Processing facilities such as this will also be potential

markets for vegetables produced within eThekwini.

6.5.7 VENDORS

These are retailers that buy in bulk from wholesalers and then resell directly to consumers. The

people that sell green mielies off light delivery vehicles on the side of the road are an example of

vendors. Some speculators will buy produce directly from farms, while others will buy produce at

the municipal markets.

6.5.8 INFORMAL MARKETS

These would include street traders and hawkers, although most of the produce sold by this sector

is purchased from wholesalers and from the municipal markets, rather than directly from farmers.

6.6 CANE

The cane industry in eThekwini is controlled by two companies, namely Illovo Sugar and Tongaat

Huletts. Both small-scale and large-scale growers supply the sugar mills owned by these

companies (Figure 21).

6.7 TIMBER

All small-scale timber is taken to the SAPPI Saiccor plant (Figure 21).

6.8 CUT FLOWERS

Local, national and international markets exist for cut flowers. The South African market is

reasonably sized, and Ballito based producers are selling to Durban, Cape Town and

Johannesburg. Cut flowers are also being exported currently (mainly proteas and greenery).

Vegmo Flora is a cut flower wholesaler based in Durban.



7 INPUT SUPPLIERS AND SERVICE PROVIDERS

A database of some of the input suppliers and support services located in and around eThekwini

Municipality has been compiled (Table 4). It is not exhaustive, but gives an indication of the range

of services available. It should be noted that a number of towns lying outside eThekwini, Umzinto,

Eston in particular, appear to be important sources of inputs for farmers located within eThekwini,

while a number of important service providers are also located in Pietermaritzburg. Locations of

service providers and the services offered are shown in Figure 22.

The following range of service providers have been found to exist:

• Input suppliers

- Livestock feed

- Veterinary supplies

- Fertilizer (organic or chemical)

- Agricultural chemicals (herbicides/pesticides, etc)

- Planting material (Seed and seedlings)

• Suppliers of machinery and implements (Some business’ services include repairs)

• Providers of irrigation technology and equipment/infrastructure

• Marketing consultants (assisting with the export of agricultural produce)

• Agricultural consultants, their services include:

- Drawing up business plans

- Land-use planning

- Specialist advice

• Veterinary services

- Private veterinarians are located in all towns, however many specialise in small animals

and would not offer a service to farmers. Many private veterinarians will also not

travel into traditional settlement areas due to the perceived threat of highjacks and

other criminal activities

- State veterinary services comprise a network of state veterinarians and animal health

technicians (See Section 7.2 Extension Services)

• Transportation agents/freight (especially important for the cane industry)

• Training institutions (See Section 7.1)

• Extension support (See Section 7.2)

• Financial support (See Section 7.3).



7.1 TRAINING INSTITUTIONS

• Training institutions - a number of institutions located within, or in close proximity to

eThekwini Municipality (Details in Table 5), offer agricultural training, these include:

- KZNDAEA runs short courses on a variety of agricultural topics at Cedara.

- Mangosuthu Technicon offers National Diplomas in Agriculture.

- The Valley Trust, based in Bothas Hill offers short courses on sustainable agriculture.

- Rainman Landcare Foundation (Bothas Hill) offers training in sustainable land-use and

organic agriculture.

- Cedara Agricultural College – certificates and diplomas in agriculture

- Owen Sithole Agricultural College – certificates an diplomas in agriculture

- University of KwaZulu-Natal – certificates, diplomas and degrees in agriculture and

related subjects.

- KwaZulu-Natal Poultry Institute – based in Pietermaritzburg offers a variety of courses

on poultry management.

- Newlands Mashu Permaculture Learning Centre.

- Silverglen Medicinal Plants nursery – provides practical training with regard to growing

medicinal plants (They run a 3 day basic horticultural training course in Zulu and

English)

Table 4: List of some service providers that support the agricultural industry

within eThekwini MunicipalityPLACE NAME NAME CATEGORY SUB-CATEGORY DETAIL PHONE NO.

Assagay Assagay Animal Feed Inputs Feed 031 768 1165

Ballito Harvest Care cc Support 032 9462768

Bluff XS Feed and Grain Inputs Feed 031 466 4962

Cato Ridge National Plant Food (Gromor) Inputs Fertilizers Organic 031 782 3105

Durban Grovida Inputs General 031 561 5859

Durban Stewarts & Lloyds (Rainbird) Irrigation 031 7003737

Durban Rautenbach Aerial Spraying Crop spraying 031 5638658

Durban Kaufmann Agric Consultants Support 031 561 6094

Durban NDE Stainless Steel Dairy Equipment 031 7005444

Durban A Store Africa Irrigation 031 577 1392

Durban North Farmers’ Agri-care Inputs Chemicals 031 5635383

Durban North Global Agroservices Support 031 563 2925

Eston Eston Co-op Inputs General 031 781 1891

Glen Ashley Durban Agricultural Services cc Inputs Chemical 031 572 3670

Hillcrest Westerlee Land Preparations Support 031 266 8763

Hillcrest Premier Fruits Marketing Consultant 031 767 3875

Isipingo Grovida Horticultural Products Inputs General 031 561 5859

Kloof Neutrog Africa Inputs Fertilizers Organic 031 764 2958

Maidstone Voermol feeds Inputs Feed 032 439 5599

Maidstone Tongatt Purekip Inputs Fertilizers 032 944 1991

Maydon Wharf Farmers' Fertilizer Services Inputs Fertilizers 031 206 2650

Maydon Wharf Profert Inputs Fertilizer 031 205 6553



Mt Edgecombe Coastal Farmers Co-op Inputs General 032 539 5688

Ndwedwe Hamba Ndoda Cane Cartage Support Transport 032 532 1504

Park Rennie Sunshine Seedlings Inputs Seedlings 039 976 0533

Pietermaritzburg Irritech Agencies cc Irrigation 033 342 3177

Pietermaritzburg Irrigation and Drainage Services Irrigation 033 345 4423

Pietermaritzburg AIM Marketing consultant 033 396 3857

Pinetown Servistar Inputs Fertilizer Seedlings 031 701 1461

Richmond Watersmeet Seedlings Inputs Seedlings 033 212 3174

Scottburgh Kynoch Inputs Fertilizers 039 973 0602

Sezela Unitrans Sugar (Pty) Ltd Support Transport 039 9753174

Springfield Turf-Ag Products Irrigation 031 579 2280

Stanger Stanger Agric Services Support 032 552 1044

Umhlali Farmserve Inputs General 032 9470075

Umhlali Peter’s Tractors and Implements 032 947 0585

Umlaas Road National Chicks Inputs Day old chicks 031 785 1158

Umzinto Agri Centre Inputs General 039 974 2179

Umzinto Coastal Farmers’ Co-op Inputs General 039 974 1137

Verulam Verulam Farm Services Support 032 533 1202

Verulam Daystar Chicks Inputs Day old chicks 032 947 1128

Verulam DOW Agrosciences Inputs Chemicals 032 439 1111

Winkelspruit Illovo Nursery Inputs Seedlings 031 916 2491

Table 5: Contact details for training institutions

Name of institution Location Telephone Number

Cedara - Non-formal Training & College Cedara 033 3559 100

Mangosuthu Technicon Durban 031 907 7111

Rainman Landcare Foundation Peacevale 031 783 4412

The Valley Trust Bothas Hill 031 777 1955

Owen Sithole College Empangeni 035 795 1345

University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg Campus 033 260 5111

KZN Poultry Institute Pietermaritzburg 033 3460 009

Newlands Mashu Permaculture Centre Durban 031 577 2844

Silverglen Medicinal Plants Nursery Durban 031 404 5628

Institute of Natural Resources Pietermaritzburg 033 3460 796

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7.2 EXTENSION SUPPORT

The primary provider of extension support is the Extension Service of KZNDAEA. Another branch of

KZNDAEA that provides extension support to farmers is the Directorate of Veterinary Services,

which addresses animal health issues.

Other institutions that offer related support include:

• Non governmental organisations (Heifer International, The Valley Trust)

• Private companies (Mondi, Sappi, Tongaat Huletts, Illovo Sugar)

• Associations (e.g. South African Sugar Association).

7.2.1 KZN DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS

The Extension Service of the KZNDAEA is currently divided into two regions. eThekwini

Municipality falls within South Region, a Sub-Regional Office of which is located in Durban. South

Region is in turn divided into a number of districts, each of which is managed by a District

Manager. Each district has a number of Agricultural Development Technicians (ADTs) that are

responsible for providing extension support to farmers located within a specific area. The ADTs

are supported by Subject Matter Specialists (Agricultural Scientists) based either within the district

or at the Regional Office. The eThekwini Municipal area falls under the care of: Durban Metro

North (operating from Durban) and Durban Metro South (operating from Umbumbulu).

Veterinary Services is another arm of the Department. Offices are located at Tongaat and in

Durban. State Veterinarians and Animal Health Technicians (AHTs) provide a service to livestock

owners. They provide advice about animal health issues, and also offer a vaccination service for

certain diseases that have implications for human health, Contagious Abortion (CA), Tuberculosis

(TB) and Rabies are three such diseases. Veterinary Services are also involved in disease

surveillance (including Contagious Abortion, Bovine Tuberculosis and Foot and Mouth Disease).

7.3 FINANCIAL SUPPORT

A number of institutions offer financial support to agriculture:

• The Industrial Development Corporation (IDC) has a number of schemes in place

that would be applicable to persons wishing to access finance for agricultural projects.

- Agro-industries Development Finance Scheme: The scheme is aimed at the

development and expansion of the agricultural, food, beverage and marine sectors.



Basic qualification criteria include an economically viable business plan and a minimum

finance requirement of R1 million. The scheme provides medium term finance in the

form of loans, suspended sales, equity and quasi-equity for the establishment of

permanent infrastructure in the agriculture or aquaculture sectors. Interest rates are

competitive and based on the prime bank overdraft rate (DTI 2001).

- Empowerment Finance Scheme: The scheme is aimed at providing assistance to

emerging industrialists/entrepreneurs to acquire a stake in formal businesses. Access

criteria includes that the business should be an ongoing concern, the entrepreneur

must fulfil a meaningful role in the management of the business, the deal size must be

between R5 million and R100 million and the entrepreneur must make a minimum cash

contribution of 10% of the purchase price.

- Finance for the Expansion of the Manufacturing Sector: The scheme is aimed at the

development and expansion of a manufacturing sector by providing finance for the

creation of new or additional capacity. In order to qualify for this scheme an

economically viable business plan (requiring finance of more than R1 million) and a

financial contribution of at least 33% by the promoters is required. The scheme offers

medium term finance in the form of loans, suspensive sales, equity and quasi-equity.

• Ithala development Finance Corporation has an Agri-Business division that will deal

with financing of agricultural projects. Agri-Business is defined by Ithala as “the

production, transportation, processing (value adding) and marketing of agronomic corps,

livestock and natural fibres”. The objective of the Division is to contribute to the

development of rural areas through “financing and investment in entrepreneurial

development and productive enterprises in the agri-business sector”. Key focus areas of

the Division include entrepreneurial development, empowerment, business development

and employment creation.

Ithala offers a range of business loans (see Ithala Web-Site at www.ithala.co.za for more

details) that would be applicable to this sector.

- For Equipment and Movable Assets: This includes finance for the purchase of plant,

machinery and other farming equipment, as well as livestock and tradable business

rights. Market related interest rates are provided and the loan term is dependent on

the productive lifespan of the asset financed up to a maximum term of 10 years.

- For Working Capital Finance: This includes bridging finance to cover production,

processing and marketing costs. The loan term is dependent on the period within



which the income generated from the activity financed accrues, up to a maximum of

two years.

- For Share Acquisition Finance: “A financial package designed to enable historically

disadvantaged individuals to obtain shares in established private companies with a

proven track record”. Loans up to R5 million will be considered.

Importantly, Ithala is an approved design agent for the LRAD programme. Through grant

funding available through the LRAD programme additional loan funding can be leveraged

for the establishment of emerging farmers.

• The Land Bank makes loan finance available for all farming and related agri-business

activities. The Land Bank will provide loan funding for agricultural projects through its

various loan-funding mechanisms. As is the case for Ithala, the Land Bank also acts as a

design agent for the LRAD programme.

The Land Bank identifies a number of loan funding focus areas (www.landbank.co.za),

including:

- Finance for Farmers: Financial products that cover all aspects of the farming cycle.

- Finance for Companies and Co-operatives: A variety of options for making loan

funding available to Co-operatives, Companies and Statutory Bodies.

- Finance for Development Projects: “a range of products tailored to meet diverse needs

across the (farming) sector – from new entrants to established commercial farmers

and from agri-business to micro-enterprise clients, in order to promote black economic

empowerment within the primary agriculture and agri-business sectors”.

Specific products of the Land Bank includes Long-term Mortgage Loans, Special Mortgage

Loans, Instalment Sale Finance, Establishment Loans, Medium-term Loans, Short-term

Loans/Product Credit, Social Discount Product, Deposits, Issuing Guarantees, Working

Capital and Micro Finance.

• The Departments of Land Affairs and Agriculture and Environmental Affairs

The Land Redistribution for Agricultural Development (LRAD) Programme presents a

potential opportunity for setting up emerging farmers. Through LRAD a potential

emerging farmer can apply for a grant of R20 000. A basic requirement to qualify for a

grant will be that the applicant makes an own contribution of R5 000 either in the form of

cash or by his/her own labour contribution to the venture. Applicants can qualify for up to



a total of R100 000 grant funding, but the own contribution increases on a sliding scale (to

qualify for R100 000 the own contribution of the farmer will be R400 000).

The LRAD policy document indicates that a number of types of projects can be catered for

in terms of the scheme, viz.

- Food safety-net projects

- Equity schemes

- Production for markets

- Agriculture in communal areas.

KZNDAEA also has other policies in place that can finance agricultural activities (e.g.

Comprehensive Agricultural Support Programme).

8 PROPOSED DEVELOPMENTS WITH IMPLICATIONS

FOR AGRICULTURE IN ETHEKWINI

8.1 DUBE TRADE PORT2

The Dube Trade Port (DTP) is one of the Industrial Development Zones (IDZ) that have been

identified by South African Authorities as locations where firms will be granted special investment

and trade incentives in order to attract industries and expand exports. The DTP is located at La

Mercy in Durban and incorporates the new King Shaka Airport, an industrial development zone, a

cyber port and cyber village (logistics hub) as well as promoting ventures focused on value-adding

activities including export of perishables and e-commerce activities. The DTP will also incorporate

existing roads and rail networks.

DTP is a multi-modal logistics gateway that will offer logistics support geared towards perishable

goods being exported to foreign markets. Price Waterhouse Coopers have been appointed as the

financial advisors to the development, while Ithala Development Corporation has been appointed

as the project manager.

2 Adapted from: Where are the opportunities for the Dube Tradeport? An assessment of the potential

demand from some time-sensitive and time-critical sectors. Myrium Velia & Imraan Valodia. February 2003.

http://www.nu.ac.za/csds/publications/rr56.pdf



Positive implications for agriculture include:

• New direct airfreight support through King Shaka International Airport, instead of goods

produced in KwaZulu-Natal being transported to Johannesburg for export.

• Access to goods being imported via sea (due to location of DTP relative to Durban and

Richards Bay ports) will allow for establishment of bonded zone packaging freight villages.

• The DTP will be linked to three freight villages (at Jozini, Mooi River and Umtata) set up for

high value agricultural goods.

• A pilot organic vegetable project to be located on the grounds will lend support to the

export of organic produce via DTP.

Negative implications of the DTP development:

• The DTP development will see 2000 hectares of land that is currently being leased for

sugar cane production, being excised from production. This is high potential agricultural

land that is being lost to agriculture (Pers comm. Alan Grey 2004).

9 AGRICULTURAL STAKEHOLDERS

The following institutions have been identified during the study as potential stakeholders, although

some do not provide direct support to agriculture within eThekwini:

• eThekwini Municipality

- Planning Department (Rural ABM Office)

- Parks and Recreation

- Economic Development Unit

- Environmental Branch

- Silverglen Medicinal Plant Nursery

• Greater Durban Community Foundation

• National Departments

- Department of Agriculture

- Department of Trade and Industry

- Department of Water Affairs and Forestry

- Department of Land Affairs

• Provincial Government Departments

- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Affairs

- Department of Economic Development

- Department of Social Welfare and Population Development

- Department of Health



- Department of Public Works

• Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife

• Umgeni Water

• Agrelek/Eskom

• Major corporations

- Mondi

- Sappi

- Tongaat Huletts

- Illovo Sugar

• Associations:

- Wattle Growers’ Association

- South African Sugar Association

• NGOs/private initiatives – these would include:

- The Valley Trust

- Heifer International South Africa

- Institute of Natural Resources

- Rainman Landcare Foundation

- Lima Rural Development Foundation

- Newlands Mashu Permaculture Learning Centre

- World Vision

- Farmer Support Group.



10 ASSESSMENT OF AGRICULTURAL POTENTIAL

10.1 LAND POTENTIAL

A number of biophysical characteristics must be considered when assessing agricultural potential

of a site, they include:

• Soil characteristics (a soil investigation of a potential site is essential for determining the

type of soil and the soil depth)

• Climate (temperature and rainfall)

• Slope

• Water resources.

The Natural Resources Section of KZNDAEA produced a map from the BRU data (Figure 23), giving

a rough approximation of land potential within eThekwini Municipality. It rates the potential of

each BRU, taking into account the dominant ecotopes (slope, soil depth, soil characteristics),

climate data (temperature and rainfall). While it offers some indication of land potential, each

potential site still has to be investigated, as a high potential site could be located within an area

generally regarded as having low potential.

10.2 ADDITIONAL FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED

Besides the physical characteristic of the land, a number of other factors have to be considered

when assessing agricultural potential. They include the following:

• Environmental considerations

- D’MOSS (Figure 24)

- Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife Conservation areas (Figure 25)

• Location in relation to the market

• Access to support services

• Existing infrastructure (electricity, roads, dams, piped water, etc)

• Certain enterprise specific criteria

- Disposal of effluent

- Minimum area requirements.



10.3 DECISION-MAKING PROCESSES

There are two routes by which an assessment of agricultural potential is likely to take place:

• A business plan is received and it is necessary to determine whether the site on which the

enterprise is to be established is suitable; or

• Someone wishes to establish a certain enterprise/project and wants to identify the most

suitable location.

10.3.1 EVALUATION OF A SITE

A decision-making process has to be followed, whereby a site is assessed in terms of whether it

meets the necessary criteria.

What are the enterprise specific criteria for the proposed activity?

• List criteria and determine whether they are met.

- Climate

- Soil

- Water

- Slope

- Accessibility/Infrastructure

- Markets (Availability and access to)

• Determine whether the development will conflict with D’MOSS or any conservation

initiatives.

• If the site falls within a restricted zone, but all other criteria are met, undertake

negotiations with relevant bodies.

10.3.2 IDENTIFICATION OF A SUITABLE SITE

When a site is being sought for a particular enterprise, the following process could be followed:

• Is it a cropping enterprise for which the Bioresource Programme has information? If yes,

then use the models to identify areas that are likely to be suitable.

• Go through a decision-making process – what criteria are most important, where would

they be best met?

• Following identification of the general location, a site specific investigation would still need

to be conducted.



Figure 23: Land potential within rural eThekwini (KZNDAEA).



Figure 24: Durban Metropolitan Open Space System (DMOSS)



Figure 25: Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife C Plan.



11 CONCLUSION

The information collected during the preparation of this status quo report will inform the

development of the rural agricultural policy as well as the Agricultural Development Framework

Plans for the two Agricultural Regions.

Agricultural Development must take advantage of opportunities that eThekwini’s location and

climatic advantage offer, while overcoming constraints that have been identified during the

preparation of this report. From the report, it is clear that a large number of stakeholders are

involved in agricultural-related activities within eThekwini. The role of local government is to

coordinate activities and create an environment that is conducive to agricultural development.

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Yes

1999/D

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Yes

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Pro

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Yes

2000/D

BN

/39/7

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Pro

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Yes

2000/D

BN

/39/9

Nci

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Pro

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Mpum

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Yes

2000/D

BN

/6/1

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Yes

2000/D

BN

/6/5

Sankonts

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Yes

2000/D

BN

/6/9

Siy

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Bro

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Inco

me G

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Kw

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dengezi

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Yes

1999/D

BN

/24/2

Bhobhonono

Irrigation

Inco

me G

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Xim

ba

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Yes

2002/D

BN

/6/7

Siy

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Yes

1999/U

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Inco

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Yes

1999/U

MB/3

9/1

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Vegeta

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Pro

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Food S

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Yes

1999/U

MB/3

9/1

7M

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Vegeta

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Pro

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Food S

ecu

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KZN

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Yes

1999/U

MB/3

9/2

0Ekuth

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Vegeta

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Pro

duct

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Food S

ecu

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KZN

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Yes

1999/U

MB/3

9/2

2Siz

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Vegeta

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Pro

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Food S

ecu

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KZN

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Yes

1999/U

MB/3

9/2

3N

tinyane

Vegeta

ble

Pro

duct

ion

Food S

ecu

rity

KZN

DAEA

Yes

1999/U

MB/3

9/2

5Sophum

ele

laVegeta

ble

Pro

duct

ion

Food S

ecu

rity

KZN

DAEA

Yes

ETH

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TATU

S Q

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PREPARED

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96

1999/U

MB/3

9/2

6M

asi

siza

ne

Vegeta

ble

Pro

duct

ion

Youth

in A

gricu

lture

KZN

DAEA

Yes

1999/U

MB/3

9/4

Intu

thuko y

am

ath

uli

Vegeta

ble

Pro

duct

ion

Food S

ecu

rity

KZN

DAEA

Yes

1999/U

MB/3

9/5

Adam

s/ A

math

osa

Vegeta

ble

Pro

duct

ion

Food S

ecu

rity

KZN

DAEA

Yes

1999/U

MB/3

9/6

Nkanyis

weni

Vegeta

ble

Pro

duct

ion

Food S

ecu

rity

KZN

DAEA

Yes

1999/U

MB/3

9/7

Mkhaze

ni

Vegeta

ble

Pro

duct

ion

Food S

ecu

rity

KZN

DAEA

Yes

1999/U

MB/3

9/9

Masa

khane

Vegeta

ble

Pro

duct

ion

Food S

ecu

rity

KZN

DAEA

Yes

1999/U

MB/6

/1U

bam

bis

wano

Bro

ilers

Inco

me G

enera

ting

KZN

DAEA

Yes

2000/U

MB/3

1/2

South

Gate

Sew

ing

Inco

me G

enera

ting

KZN

DAEA

Yes

2000/U

MB/3

9/1

0Them

beni

Vegeta

ble

Pro

duct

ion

Food S

ecu

rity

KZN

DAEA

Yes

2000/U

MB/3

9/6

Nom

pum

ele

loVegeta

ble

Pro

duct

ion

Food S

ecu

rity

KZN

DAEA

Yes

2000/U

MB/3

9/8

Sim

unye

Vegeta

ble

Pro

duct

ion

Food S

ecu

rity

KZN

DAEA

Yes

2000/U

MB/3

9/9

Siy

eth

em

ba

Vegeta

ble

Pro

duct

ion

Food S

ecu

rity

KZN

DAEA

Yes

2000/U

MB/5

/2Bheja

ne

Pig

geries

Inco

me G

enera

ting

KZN

DAEA

Yes

1999/U

MB/5

/2Zam

ani

Pig

geries

Inco

me G

enera

ting

Sobonakhona

KZN

DAEA

Yes

2000/U

MB/6

/3Zakheni

Bro

ilers

Inco

me G

enera

ting

UN

KN

OW

NKZN

DAEA

Yes

2002/U

MB/2

8/3

Sukum

aN

urs

ery

Inco

me G

enera

ting

Sobonakhona

KZN

DAEA

Yes

2002/U

MB/3

9/6

Thib

indla

laVegeta

ble

Pro

duct

ion

Food S

ecu

rity

Sobonakhona

KZN

DAEA

Yes

2002/U

MB/6

/5N

kukhw

ini

Bro

ilers

Inco

me G

enera

ting

Zw

elib

om

vu

KZN

DAEA

Yes

2002/u

mb/6

/9Thath

igxath

iBro

ilers

Inco

me G

enera

ting

Sobonakhona

KZN

DAEA

Yes

ETH

EKW

INI

AG

RIC

ULTU

RAL S

TATU

S Q

UO

PREPARED

BY:

INSTIT

UTE O

F N

ATU

RAL R

ESO

URCES

97

KZ

N D

EP

AR

TM

EN

T O

F A

GR

IC

ULT

UR

E A

ND

EN

VIR

ON

ME

NT

AL A

FFA

IR

S P

RO

JE

CT

S W

IT

HO

UT

GP

S C

OO

RD

IN

AT

ES

DIS

TR

IC

TC

ON

TA

CT

PH

ON

E N

O.

AG

RIC

PR

OJE

CT

SN

AM

E O

F P

RO

JE

CT

LO

CA

TIO

NG

PS

'D

Mpum

ala

nga

Vegeta

ble

Pro

duct

ion

Nhlo

swenhle

Mpum

ala

nga

No

Veru

lam

Irrigation

Siy

apham

bili

Veru

lam

No

Ntu

zum

aIr

rigation

Sezo

kuhle

Ntu

zum

aN

o

Unknow

nIr

rigation

Siy

ath

uth

uka

Unknow

nN

o

Phoenix

Vegeta

ble

Pro

duct

ion

Zip

hili

sePhoenix

No

Um

bum

bulu

Nurs

ery

Um

nin

iU

mbum

bulu

No

Um

bum

bulu

Nurs

ery

Um

vuza

ne

Um

bum

bulu

No

Um

bum

bulu

Vegeta

ble

Pro

duct

ion

Madundube

Um

bum

bulu

No

Um

bum

bulu

Vegeta

ble

Pro

duct

ion

Zenze

leU

mbum

bulu

No

Um

bum

bulu

Vegeta

ble

Pro

duct

ion

Xosh

indla

laU

mbum

bulu

No

Um

bum

bulu

Vegeta

ble

Pro

duct

ion

Siy

ath

uth

uka

Um

bum

bulu

No

Um

bum

bulu

Vegeta

ble

Pro

duct

ion

Vulio

ndle

laU

mbum

bulu

No

Um

bum

bulu

Vegeta

ble

Pro

duct

ion

Ngole

laU

mbum

bulu

No

Um

bum

bulu

Nurs

ery

Siy

apham

bili

Um

bum

bulu

No

Um

bum

bulu

Vegeta

ble

Pro

duct

ion

Masa

khane

Um

bum

bulu

No

Unknow

nIr

rigation

Isule

thu /

Im

pofa

na

Unknow

nN

o

Nhla

zuka

Nurs

ery

Madots

heni nurs

ery

Nhla

zuka

No

Zw

elib

om

vu

Nurs

ery

Vukuze

nze

leZw

elib

om

vu

No

ETH

EKW

INI

AG

RIC

ULTU

RAL S

TATU

S Q

UO

PREPARED

BY:

INSTIT

UTE O

F N

ATU

RAL R

ESO

URCES

98

OT

HE

R P

RO

JE

CT

S L

OC

AT

ED

WIT

HIN

ET

HE

KW

IN

I M

UN

IC

IP

ALIT

Y

OR

GA

NIS

AT

IO

ND

IS

TR

IC

TC

ON

TA

CT

PH

ON

E N

O.

AG

RIC

PR

OJE

CT

SN

AM

E O

F P

RO

JE

CT

LO

CA

TIO

NG

PS

'D

DE

PA

RT

ME

NT

OF S

OC

IA

L W

ELFA

RE

AN

D P

OP

ULA

TIO

N D

EV

ELO

PM

EN

T (

DS

WP

D)

Dept.

of

Soci

al W

elfare

Maphum

ulo

Falls

outs

ide e

Thekw

ini

N/A

No

Dept.

of

Soci

al W

elfare

Um

lazi

GS Z

ungu

083 5

24 3

870

Poultry

Thuth

uka C

o-o

pN

gonyam

eni

No

Dept.

of

Soci

al W

elfare

Um

bum

bulu

PT M

uth

wa

031 9

15 0

155

Poultry

Them

banani

Mdum

ezu

lu S

chool

No

Dept.

of

Soci

al W

elfare

Um

bum

bulu

PT M

uth

wa

031 9

15 0

155

Poultry

Eza

kaheni

Thule

ni Are

aN

o

Dept.

of

Soci

al W

elfare

Um

bum

bulu

PT M

uth

wa

031 9

15 0

155

Poultry

Zam

ani

Nhla

zuka

No

Dept.

of

Soci

al W

elfare

Um

bum

bulu

PT M

uth

wa

031 9

15 0

155

Poultry

Zib

am

bele

ni

Nungw

ane A

rea

No

Dept.

of

Soci

al W

elfare

Um

bum

bulu

PT M

uth

wa

031 9

15 0

155

Nurs

ery

Am

andlo

bum

ano

Kw

am

akhuth

aN

o

Dept.

of

Soci

al W

elfare

Um

bum

bulu

PT M

uth

wa

031 9

15 0

155

Gard

enin

gIm

both

imuni

Imboth

ini

No

Dept.

of

Soci

al W

elfare

Kw

a-M

ash

uN

Maduna

031 5

03 1

811

Com

munity G

ard

en

Senze

ni

Kw

a-M

ash

uN

o

Dept.

of

Soci

al W

elfare

Mpum

ala

ngA

B P

am

la073 2

32 1

148

No

ne

No

Dept.

of

Soci

al W

elfare

Ndw

edw

eZ M

bangi

072 2

46 1

890

Poultry

Sih

langene

Nodw

engu

No

Dept.

of

Soci

al W

elfare

Ndw

edw

eZ M

bangi

072 2

46 1

890

Gard

enin

g a

nd P

oultry

Kw

a-C

hili

Fla

gsh

ipKw

a-C

hili

No

Dept.

of

Soci

al W

elfare

Ndw

edw

eZ M

bangi

072 2

46 1

890

Gard

enin

g a

nd P

oultry

Mangangeni Fla

gsh

ipM

angangeni

No

Dept.

of

Soci

al W

elfare

Ndw

edw

eZ M

bangi

072 2

46 1

890

Gard

enin

gEnkulu

lekw

eni Clu

bM

qeku A

rea

No

Dept.

of

Soci

al W

elfare

Ndw

edw

eZ M

bangi

072 2

46 1

890

Gard

enin

gSip

ham

andla

Clu

bO

phis

weni

No

Dept.

of

Soci

al W

elfare

Ndw

edw

eZ M

bangi

072 2

46 1

890

Poultry

Ziz

am

ele

Wom

en's

Clu

bEm

thebeni

No

Dept.

of

Soci

al W

elfare

Ndw

edw

eZ M

bangi

072 2

46 1

890

Gard

enin

gThuth

ukani Clu

bU

mzi

nyath

iN

o

Dept.

of

Soci

al W

elfare

Ndw

edw

eZ M

bangi

072 2

46 1

890

Gard

enin

gM

asi

bam

bis

ane C

lub

Mona

No

Dept.

of

Soci

al W

elfare

Ndw

edw

eZ M

bangi

072 2

46 1

890

Gard

enin

gM

asa

khane C

lub

Em

thebeni

No

Dept.

of

Soci

al W

elfare

Ndw

edw

eZ M

bangi

072 2

46 1

890

Gard

enin

gThandanani Pro

ject

Esi

dum

bin

iN

o

Dept.

of

Soci

al W

elfare

Pin

eto

wn

N M

afu

leka

072 4

58 4

589

Poultry

Bhekis

isa P

oultry

Farm

ing

Kw

aN

gco

losi

No

Dept.

of

Soci

al W

elfare

Pin

eto

wn

N M

afu

leka

072 4

58 4

589

Gard

enin

gThandanani Pro

ject

Zw

elib

om

vu

No

Dept.

of

Soci

al W

elfare

Pin

eto

wn

N M

afu

leka

072 4

58 4

589

Gard

enin

gEm

pilw

eni Vegeta

ble

sCle

rmont

No

ETH

EKW

INI

AG

RIC

ULTU

RAL S

TATU

S Q

UO

PREPARED

BY:

INSTIT

UTE O

F N

ATU

RAL R

ESO

URCES

99

Dept.

of

Soci

al W

elfare

Sta

nger

Falls

outs

ide e

Thekw

ini

N/A

No

Dept.

of

Soci

al W

elfare

Durb

an

BC N

kabin

de

083 4

00 1

266

No

ne

No

Dept.

of

Soci

al W

elfare

Inanda

N K

ubheka

083 5

09 3

933

Gard

enin

gZip

hem

bele

ni

Best

er

No

Dept.

of

Soci

al W

elfare

Inanda

N K

ubheka

083 5

09 3

933

Gard

enin

gN

qobin

dla

laEta

fule

ni

No

Dept.

of

Soci

al W

elfare

Phoenix

S M

yandu

072 5

00 6

112

Tunnel fa

rmin

gPhoenix

Povert

y R

educt

ion A

ssoci

ation

No

Dept.

of

Soci

al W

elfare

Chats

wort

hS S

ubra

money

N

on

e

N

o

OR

GA

NIS

AT

IO

ND

IS

TR

IC

TC

ON

TA

CT

PH

ON

E N

O.

AG

RIC

PR

OJE

CT

SN

AM

E O

F P

RO

JE

CT

LO

CA

TIO

NG

PS

'D

ET

HE

KW

IN

I M

UN

IC

IP

ALIT

Y

Eco

nom

ic D

evelo

pm

ent

Unit

Um

bum

bulu

S N

kosi

083 2

89 6

977

Indig

enous

Medic

ine

Indig

enous

Medic

ine

Um

bum

bulu

No

Eco

nom

ic D

evelo

pm

ent

Unit

Inanda

L B

aars

083 2

88 8

789

Org

anic

Farm

ing

Org

anic

Farm

ing

Inanda

No

Urb

an S

trate

gy

Magabheni

K B

reets

ke

083 4

54 9

812

Gard

enin

gM

agabheni

No

Park

s and R

ecr

eation/R

ura

l ABM

Off

ice

Um

bum

bulu

A N

aid

oo

083 4

54 9

812

Gard

enin

gN

kanysw

eni

Um

bum

bulu

Yes

Park

s and R

ecr

eation/R

ura

l ABM

Off

ice

ePolw

eni

A N

aid

oo

083 4

54 9

812

Gard

enin

gVukani

ePolw

eni

Yes

Park

s and R

ecr

eation/R

ura

l ABM

Off

ice

Nts

hongw

eni

A N

aid

oo

083 4

54 9

812

Gard

enin

gM

agaba

Nts

hongw

eni

Yes

Park

s and R

ecr

eation/R

ura

l ABM

Off

ice

Zw

elim

bovu

A N

aid

oo

083 4

54 9

812

Gard

enin

gBuhle

bem

velo

Zw

elim

bovu

Yes

Park

s and R

ecr

eation/R

ura

l ABM

Off

ice

Molw

eni

A N

aid

oo

083 4

54 9

812

Gard

enin

gH

legim

pilo

Molw

eni

Yes

Park

s and R

ecr

eation/R

ura

l ABM

Off

ice

Nco

nco

siA N

aid

oo

083 4

54 9

812

Gard

enin

gM

asi

vusa

ne

Nco

nco

siN

o

Park

s and R

ecr

eation/R

ura

l ABM

Off

ice

Redcl

iff

A N

aid

oo

083 4

54 9

812

Gard

enin

gThuth

ukani

Redcl

iff

Yes

Park

s and R

ecr

eation/R

ura

l ABM

Off

ice

Dass

enhoek

A N

aid

oo

083 4

54 9

812

Gard

enin

gM

anse

nse

ni

Dass

enhoek

Yes

Park

s and R

ecr

eation/R

ura

l ABM

Off

ice

Osi

ndis

weni

A N

aid

oo

083 4

54 9

812

Gard

enin

gZam

okhule

Osi

ndis

weni

Yes

Park

s and R

ecr

eation/R

ura

l ABM

Off

ice

Nqabeni

A N

aid

oo

083 4

54 9

812

Gard

enin

gSin

am

uva

Nqabeni

Yes

Park

s and R

ecr

eation/R

ura

l ABM

Off

ice

Mkhzw

ane/M

qeco

A N

aid

oo

083 4

54 9

812

Gard

enin

gLin

deni

Mkhzw

ane/M

qeco

Yes

ETH

EKW

INI

AG

RIC

ULTU

RAL S

TATU

S Q

UO

PREPARED

BY:

INSTIT

UTE O

F N

ATU

RAL R

ESO

URCES

100

ET

HE

KW

IN

I C

OM

MU

NIT

Y

FO

UN

DA

TIO

N

eThekw

ini Com

munity F

oundation

Sabonakhona

Vegeta

ble

Pro

duct

ion

No

eThekw

ini Com

munity F

oundation

Sabonakhona

Vegeta

ble

Pro

duct

ion

No

eThekw

ini Com

munity F

oundation

Sabonakhona

Vegeta

ble

Pro

duct

ion

No

eThekw

ini Com

munity F

oundation

Sabonakhona

Vegeta

ble

Pro

duct

ion

No

eThekw

ini Com

munity F

oundation

Sabonakhona

Vegeta

ble

Pro

duct

ion

No

eThekw

ini Com

munity F

oundation

Sabonakhona

Vegeta

ble

Pro

duct

ion

No

HE

IFE

R I

NT

ER

NA

TIO

NA

L S

OU

TH

AFR

IC

A

Heifer

Inte

rnational Pro

ject

sD

airy/layers

/gard

ens

Heifer

Inte

rnational Pro

ject

sN

o

Heifer

Inte

rnational Pro

ject

sCatt

le/g

oats

/layers

Heifer

Inte

rnational Pro

ject

sN

o

Heifer

Inte

rnational Pro

ject

sLayers

/gard

ens

Heifer

Inte

rnational Pro

ject

sN

o

Heifer

Inte

rnational Pro

ject

sLayers

/gard

ens

Heifer

Inte

rnational Pro

ject

sN

o



Appendix 2

LIST OF CONTACTS

AFRISCO ECOCERT

012 349 1070

www.afrisco.net

Allerton Veterinary Laboratory

033 – 3471931

Chef Mushrooms

Assegay

Dave Aitken

031 765 7143

Clover Industries Limited

Mr R Suhr (Field Officer)

082 4933 846

Department of Social Welfare, Durban

Programme Unit

031 3368700

Department of Health, Durban

Nutrition Section

Thobi Zondi (Community Nutritionist)

031 - 3277845

Durban Fresh produce Market

Municipal Manager: Mr Tolseram

031 – 3115118

Greater Durban Community Foundation

Gary Cullen

031 304 6031

[email protected]

Gromor / National Plant Food

Hagen, Rolf

Cato Ridge

031 7823105

Hartzell, James

Organic Agriculture Association of SA

KZN representative

031 768 1187

www.oaasa.co.za

Heifer International - South Africa

Gavin MacGregor

Hillcrest

031 – 777 1374

Industrial Development Corporation

KwaZulu Natal Office

Durban

031 – 337 4455

Illovo Sugar - Sezela Mill

Small cane growers

Terry Harding

039 975 8000

083 259 4835

Ithala Development Finance Corp.

Main Branch in Durban 031 - 9078911

Umlazi Branch 031 - 9071155

KwaMashu, Durban



Landbank

Pietermaritzburg

033 – 342 8961

Mkondeni Fresh Produce Market

Marlene Meyer

033 – 3863300

Natural Resources Section

KZNDAEA

Cedara Agricultural Research Station

033 3559 100

Nestle SA (Pty) Ltd

Gary Smith

082 805 2707

033 7011226

Pick and Pay Distribution Centre

031 700 6000

Poole, Simon

Market Agent (Fresh produce)

033 386 1261

Premier Fruits (Exporter)

Steve Beghin

031 7673875

Romac

Ballito

032 9470515

SAPPI Saiccor

Umkomaas

039 973 8911

Scheepes, Anton

Agricultural Marketing - Pietermaritzburg

033 396 3857

State Veterinarian: Durban

031 3683376

State Veterinarian: Pietermaritzburg

Chief Technician: Kevin le Roux

033 – 347 6248

State Veterinarian: Tongaat

Dr Mavusa

032 9446492

Thandroyen, Logie

Isivande Market Agency

Durban

031 4654610

The Valley Trust

Richard Haigh

Bothas Hill

031 – 777 1955

Tongaat Huletts - Maidstone Mill

Vee Govender

032 4395511

Triple A Feedlots

Jeff Cornelius (Livestock buyer)

Greytown

033 5691322

Triple C Feedlots

Greytown

034 – 218 1177

Agricultural Status Quo - Durban · rural agricultural land potential assessment and agribusiness...

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Transcript of Agricultural Status Quo - Durban · rural agricultural land potential assessment and agribusiness...