AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT PASTURE ESTABLISHMENT.
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Transcript of AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT PASTURE ESTABLISHMENT.
AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT
PASTURE PASTURE ESTABLISHMENTESTABLISHMENT
AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT
Preliminary InformationPreliminary Information
Soil typeSoil type Soil fertilitySoil fertility Previous vegetationPrevious vegetation Rainfall patternRainfall pattern Area to be plantedArea to be planted
AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT
Land ClearingLand Clearing
From forestsFrom forests Revenue from loggingRevenue from logging Leave trees for shadeLeave trees for shade Normally carried out by contractorNormally carried out by contractor Leave steep slopes and ravines Leave steep slopes and ravines
AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT
From abandoned landFrom abandoned land More easily clearedMore easily cleared Problem of weedsProblem of weeds Soil of lower fertilitySoil of lower fertility Needs higher rates of fertilizer and Needs higher rates of fertilizer and
limingliming
AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT
LAND CLEARING
AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT
BURNING – not recommended
AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT
Soil preparationSoil preparation
Clay and loamy soilsClay and loamy soils Use disc plough to turn soil overUse disc plough to turn soil over Disc harrows to break up soil clodsDisc harrows to break up soil clods Final round with rotovator to make Final round with rotovator to make
soil fine for seed sowingsoil fine for seed sowing Soil need not be fine with vegetative Soil need not be fine with vegetative
propagationpropagation
AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT
Sandy soilsSandy soils Can use chisel plough to break up Can use chisel plough to break up
soils and remove weedssoils and remove weeds
AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT
DISC PLOUGH – to overturn soil and bury existing vegetation
AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT
DISC PLOUGH – cutting and overturning soil
AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT
Large clods of soil left during disc ploughing
AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT
AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT
LimingLiming
Use lime if pH <4.5Use lime if pH <4.5 Apply about 2 tonnes/haApply about 2 tonnes/ha
AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT
Liming after disc ploughing
AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT
Liming manually
AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT
AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT
AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT
HarrowsHarrows
Disc harrows used after ploughing Disc harrows used after ploughing and limingand liming
AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT
DISC HARROWS
AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT
Disc harrows breaking up clods into smaller particles
AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT
RotovatorRotovator
AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT
Basal fertilizersBasal fertilizers
Fertilisers applied during plantingFertilisers applied during planting Pure grass pastures:Pure grass pastures:
– 60 kg N, 40 kg P and 50 kg K/ha60 kg N, 40 kg P and 50 kg K/ha Legume grass:Legume grass:
– Apply only P and KApply only P and K
AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT
Planting grass/legume seeds using seed drill
AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT
Compartments on seed drill for seeds and fertilizers
seedsfertilizers
AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT
Disc to cut soil
funnel
AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT
Seed drillSeed drill
AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT
Seed drill with operatorSeed drill with operator
AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT
NO-TILL DRILL FOR SOIL CONSERVATION
AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT
Seeding RatesSeeding Rates
Grasses 5- 10 kg/haGrasses 5- 10 kg/ha Legumes 2-6 kg/haLegumes 2-6 kg/ha Seed depth – small seeds 5-10 mmSeed depth – small seeds 5-10 mm Large seeds (legumes) – 15-20 mmLarge seeds (legumes) – 15-20 mm
AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT
Grasses that can be planted with Grasses that can be planted with seedsseeds
Signal grass (Signal grass (Brachiaria decumbensBrachiaria decumbens)) Guinea grass (Guinea grass (Panicum maximumPanicum maximum)) Setaria sphacelataSetaria sphacelata var sericea var sericea
AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT
Vegetative PlantingVegetative Planting
AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT
Vegetative materialsVegetative materials
Divided root stocksDivided root stocks CuttingsCuttings Whole stemsWhole stems
e.g. MARDI Digit, Setaria splendida, e.g. MARDI Digit, Setaria splendida, NapierNapier
AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT
VEGETATIVE PLANTING – Napier grass
Stems stripped off leaves
Planting material – mature stems
AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT
Bare stems laid in furrow, base to tip
AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT
Planting cuttings of napier - slanted
New tillers
AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT
VEGETATIVE PLANTING Guinea grass
Planting material – rooted clumps
3 tillers per planting hole
AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT
Guinea grass clumps in rows
AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT
VEGETATIVE PLANTING - MARDI Digit
AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT
VEGETATIVE PLANTING – stoloniferous grasses
AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT
Good establishment – after 2 weeks
AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT
Weed problems
AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT
Good legume-grass pasture
AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENTAGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT
HAPPY STUDENTS AFTER SUCCESSFUL PLANTING!