a:e Change PUBLICATIONS CATALOGUE 2019 · 24. Skills needs, availability and competitiveness: A...

Kenya Institute for Public Policy Research and Analysis

Bishops Garden Towers, Bishops Road

P.O. Box 56445-200, Nairobi, Kenya

Tel: +254 20 2719933/4, 2714714/5, 2721654, 2721110

[email protected]

An Assessment of Agricultural

Sector Policies and Climate Change

in Kenya:

Nexus between Climate Change

Related Policies, Research and

Practice

Authors

Working Paper Series

THE KENYA INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC POLICY

RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS (KIPPRA)

ANDUNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR

AFRICA (UNECA)

WP/20/2017ISBN 9966 058 61 4

African Climate Policy Center

UN Economic Commission for Africa

Menelik II Ave.

P.O. Box 3001, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Tel: +251 11 544 5000

[email protected]

Recent

Economic

Performance

Page 4

Ban on plastic

bags takes effect

in

Kenya

Page 8

Strategies for

promoting National

values & principles

of governance

Page 9

Parliamentary

contention on the

two-thirds gender

rule

1

Policy Monitor

Supporting Sustainable Development through Research and Capacity Building

ISSUE 9 NO. 1JULY-SEPTEMBER 2017

KENYA INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC POLICY

RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

(KIPPRA)

Special Report

The Status of National Values

and Principles of Governance,

2015

KIPPRA Special Paper No. 16

2016

Ban on Plastic Bags

Finally Takes Effect in Kenya

KIPPRA is ISO 9001:2008 certified

To create a globally competitive and prosperous nation with a high quality of life by 2030

PUBLICATIONS CATALOGUE2019

Thinking Policy Together

Nicodemus murimi

VisionAn international centre of excellence in public policy

research and analysis

MissionTo provide quality public policy advice to the

Government of Kenya and other stakeholders by conducting objective research and through capacity building in order to contribute to the achievement of

national development goals

KIPPRA in Brief

The Kenya Institute for Public Policy Research and Analysis (KIPPRA) is an autonomous institute whose primary mission is to develop capacities for policy formulation, implementation and evaluation within National and County governments; undertake relevant and timely policy research and analysis; serve as a point of policy engagement

and communication on public policy; and develop and maintain a reservoir of knowledge on public policy in contributing to the achievement of national development goals.

For more information visit www.kippra.or.ke

KIPPRA Publications Series• KenyaEconomicReport• DiscussionPapers• WorkingPapers• PolicyPapers• PolicyBriefs• ClientReports• SpecialPapers• OccasionalPapers• ConferenceProceedings• KIPPRAPolicyMonitor

Kenya Economic Report

The Kenya Economic Report (KER) is the flagship publication of the Institute. The report, which is produced annually and presented to Parliament by the Minister in charge of economic planning and development, analyses Kenya’s

economic performance for the last year, prospects for the next three years, and benchmarks the performance against comparator and selected countries. It is produced in consultation with the Ministry of Devolution and Planning, The National Treasury, and Central Bank of Kenya.

1. KER 2009: Building a globally competitive economy

2. KER 2010: Enhancing sectoral contribution towards reducing poverty, unemployment and inequality in Kenya

3. KER 2011: Transformative institutions for delivering Kenya Vision 2030

4. KER 2012: Imperatives for reducing the cost of living in Kenya

5. KER 2013: Creating an enabling environment for stimulating investment for competitive and sustainable counties

6. KER 2014: Navigating global challenges while exploiting opportunities for sustainable growth

7. KER 2015: Empowering youth through decent and productive employment

8. KER 2016: Fiscal decentralization in support of devolution

9. KER 2017: Sustaining Kenya’s economic development by deepening and expanding economic integration in the region

10. KER 2018: Boosting investments for delivery of Kenya Vision 2030

11. KER 2019: Resource mobilization for sustainable development of Kenya

Discussion Papers (DP)

Discussion Papers (DPs) disseminate results and reflections from ongoing research activities of the Institute’s programmes. The papers are internally refereed and disseminated to inform and invoke debate on policy issues.

1. Growth of the Nairobi Stock Exchange primary market (Ngugi R W and Njiru R, 2005) – DP No. 47

2. Institutional factors and foreign direct investment flows: Implications for Kenya (Ngugi R W and Nyang’oro O, 2005) – DP No. 48

3. Review of policy options for poverty reduction in Kenya (Nafula N N, Onsomu E N, Mwabu G and Muiruri S, 2005) ) – DP No. 49

4. Child health seeking behaviour in Kenya (Kosimbei G, 2005) – DP No. 50

5. Towards technology models for MSEs in Kenya: Common principles and best practices (Moyi E and Njiraini P, 2005) – DP No. 51

6. Implicit taxation of the agricultural sector in Kenya (Ronge E, Wanjala B, Njeru J and Ojwang’i D, 2005) – DP No. 52

7. Misallocation of workspaces for MSEs in Kenya: Some lessons and models (Moyi E and Njiraini P, 2005) – DP No. 53

8. Heavy commercial vehicles industry in Kenya: Regulation or deregulation? (Wanjala B, Njeru J, Mwangi A, Odongo N and Muhoro M, 2005) – DP No. 54

9. Financing of secondary education in Kenya: Costs and options (Onsomu E N, Muthaka D, Ngware M, Kosimbei G, 2006) – DP No. 55

Discussion Papers (DP)10. Impact of gender and socioeconomic factors on learning achievements in

primary education in Kenya: Empirical evidence (Onsomu E N, Kosimbei G and Ngware M W, 2006) – DP No. 56

11. Mainstreaming social budgeting into the budgetary process in Kenya (Ngware M W, Manda D K, Muthaka D I, Ouma S and Njeru J, 2006) – DP No. 57

12. Monetary policy reaction function for Kenya (Ouma S, Khainga D, Wasala W, Oduor J, Kamau A and Wagacha M, 2006) – DP No. 58

13. An evaluation of the KIPPRA Treasury Macroeconomic Model and Kenya’s economy using historical simulations (Were M, 2006) – DP No. 59

14. Developing a marketing framework for MSEs in Kenya (Moyi E, Otieno G, Mumo I and Ronge E, 2006) – DP No. 60

15. Determinants of seed maize pricing in Kenya (Waiyaki N, 2006) – DP No. 61

16. Public sector procurement in Kenya: The need for a coherent policy framework (Owegi F and Aligula E, 2006) – DP No. 62

17. Determinants and strategies for expanding access to secondary education in Kenya (Onsomu, E N, Muthaka D I, Ngware M W and Manda D K, 2006) – DP No. 63

18. Participatory prioritization of issues in smallholder agricultural commercialization in Kenya (Omiti J et al., 2006) – DP No. 64

19. Supporting MSEs to access public procurement market in Kenya (Njiraini P and Moyi E, 2006) – DP No. 65

20. Special products under WTO negotiations: The case for Kenya (Waiyaki N, Miencha F and Nyangito H, 2007) – DP No. 66

21. Impact of minimum wages on formal employment in Kenya (Manda D K, Kosimbei, G K and Wanjala, B, 2007) – DP No. 67

22. Policy and institutional interventions to revitalize Kenya’s pyrethrum industry (Omiti J et al., 2007) – DP No. 68

23. Effectiveness of triggers and remedy for special safeguard mechanism: A case for Kenya’s agricultural sector (Miencha F A, Waiyaki N and Nyangito H O, 2007) – DP No. 69

24. Skills needs, availability and competitiveness: A case for Kenya (Onsomu E, Ngware M and Manda D K, 2007) – DP No. 70

25. Does adoption of improved maize varieties reduce poverty (Mwabu G, Mwangi W and Nyangito H, 2008) – DP No. 71

26. A 2003 Social Accounting Matrix for Kenya: A methodological note (Kiringai J, Wanjala B, Waiyaki N, Mutunga C, Njenga G, Mutua J and Nafula N, 2007) – DP No. 72

27. Microstructure elements of the bonds market in Kenya (Ngugi R W and Agoti J, 2007) – DP No. 73

28. Strategies for securing energy supply in Kenya (Mwakubo S, Mutua J, Ikiara M and Aligula E, 2007) – DP No. 74


29. Free secondary education in Kenya: Costs, financing sources and implications (Ngware M W, Onsomu E, Kiriga B and Muthaka D, 2007) – DP No. 75

30. Private sector investment in primary and secondary education in Kenya: Issues, challenges and recommendations (Nafula N N, Onsomu E N, Manda D K and Kimalu P K, 2007) – DP No. 76

31. Governance in public expenditure management in Kenya: Key issues and challenges (Khainga D, Kiriga B, Ouma S and Njeru J, 2007) – DP No. 77

32. Employment outcomes and export orientation of firms in Kenya’s manufacturing sector (Were M, 2007) – DP No. 78

33. Sources of economic growth in Kenya: A redux (Wanjala B and Kiringai J, 2007) – DP No. 79

34. Implications of the proposed WTO tariff reduction modalities: Case of Kenya’s agricultural tariff structure (Miencha F, 2007) – DP No. 80

35. Impact of primary school education inputs on outputs in Kenya: Empirical evidence (Ngware M W, Onsomu E N and Manda D K, 2007) – DP No. 81

36. Estimating the size of the underground economy in Kenya (Ouma S, Njeru J, Khainga D, Kiriga B and Kamau A, 2007) – DP No. 82

37. Scaling up domestic support for sustainable development of agriculture in Kenya (Onyango C H and Omiti J M, 2008) – DP No. 83

38. Technical efficiency of Kenya’s sugar factories: An agenda for enhancing competitiveness (Gicheru S, Waiyaki N and Omiti J, 2008) – DP No. 84


Discussion Papers (DP)39. Determinants of Kenya’s beef export supply (Otieno D J, 2008) – DP No. 85

40. Short term private capital flows and real exchange rate in Kenya (Odongo M T, 2008) – DP No. 86

41. Growth and distribution of factors of incomes in Kenya: A Social Accounting Matrix perspective (Mwendwa M, 2008) – DP No. 87

42. Factors affecting growth of micro and small enterprises in Kenya (Gitonga A, 2008) – DP No. 88

43. Determinants of inter-firm networks in Kenya (Ng’ang’a J, 2008) – DP No. 89

44. Environmental sustainability and policy implications of urban building and construction in Kenya (Adero N, 2008) – DP No. 90

45. Determinants of Kenya’s fiscal performance (Sirengo J, 2008) – DP No. 91

46. Assessing Kenya’s oil vulnerability: Key indicators and policy options (Roba G M, 2008) – DP No. 92

47. Determinants of current account balance in Kenya: The inter-temporal approach (Kariuki G M, 2008) – DP No. 93

48. Estimating inbound tourism demand for Kenya: The gravity approach (Kiarie S, 2008) – DP No. 94

49. Transient and chronic poverty in Kenya: Correlates and trends (Nafula N, Onsomu E, Manda D and Mwabu G, 2008) – DP No. 95

50. A cross country analysis of cut flower and foliage exports: The case of Kenya (Muthoka N, 2008) – DP No. 96



PO Box 56445, Nairobi, Kenya

tel: +254 20 2719933/4, 2714714/5, 2721654, 2721110

fax: +254 20 2719951

email: [email protected]

website: http://www.kippra.org

Social Cohesion Index for

Kenya: A

Methodological Note

Eldah Onsomu, Nancy Nafula, Boaz Munga

and Sellah King’oro

Discussion Paper Series

The KENYA INSTITUTE for PUBLIC

POLICY RESEARCH and ANALYSIS



DP/188/2017

ISBN 9966 058 70 6

Discussion Papers (DP)51. Factors influencing hotel room supply and demand in Kenya: A simultaneous

equations model (Ndubi E, 2009) – DP No. 97

52. Enhancing competitiveness of Kenya’s cotton and textile sector (Onyango C, Miencha F, Waiyaki N, Misati R, Omiti J and Kiringai J, 2009) – DP No. 98

53. Financial sector development and economic growth for African countries (Mwaura M, Ngugi R and Githinji N, 2009) – DP No. 99

54. Wheat import demand and welfare effects of import controls in Kenya (Musyoka M P, 2009) – DP No. 100

55. Performance of the Port of Mombasa: An empirical analysis (Njeru G N, 2009) – DP No. 101

56. Enhancing household fuel choice and substitution in Kenya (Osiolo H, 2009) – DP No. 102

57. Youth unemployment in Kenya: Nature and covariates (Wamalwa F M, 2009) – DP No. 103

58. Determinants of primary schooling choice in Kenya (Nyokabi J, 2009) – DP No. 104

59. Improving technical and vocational training in Kenya: Lessons from selected countries (Onsomu E, Wambugu A and Wamalwa F, 2009) – DP No. 105

60. Implications of the global financial crisis on the Kenyan economy (Macroeconomics Division, 2009) - DP No. 106




tel: +254 20 2719933/4, 2714714/5, 2721654, 2721110

fax: +254 20 2719951email: [email protected]


Evolution and Decomposition of Income

Inequality in Kenya

Boaz Munga






DP/187/2015

ISBN 9966 058 60 7


61. Are prior restrictions on factor shares appropriate in economic growth accounting estimations (Oduor J, 2010) - DP No. 107

62. Equilibrium real exchange rates and real misalignments in Kenya: A fundamental equilibrium approach (Oduor J and Khainga D, 2010) - DP No. 108

63. Evaluating the impact of micro-franchising the distribution of anti-malarial drugs in Kenya on malaria mortality and morbidity (Oduor J, Kamau A and Mathenge E, 2010) - DP No. 109

64. General equilibrium real exchange rates in a three-good open economy setting (Oduor, J, 2010) - DP No. 110

65. Economic policy and total factor productivity in Kenya (Oduor J and Khainga D, 2010) - DP No. 111

66. Effects of land titling on poverty in Kenya (Kieyah J and Nyaga R, 2010) – DP No. 112

67. Some effects of regional trade arrangements on Kenya’s export flows (Githuku S, 2010) – DP No. 113

68. Determinants of regional disparity in Kenya (Ng’ang’a J and Njenga G, 2010) – DP No. 114

69. The economics of land control boards in Kenya (Kieyah J and Gitonga A, 2010) – DP No. 115

70. To conserve or convert the Yala wetland (Ikiara M, Mwakubo S and Nyang’oro O, 2010) – DP No. 116




tel: +254 20 2719933/4, 2714714/5, 2721654, 2721110

fax: +254 20 2719951



Supply Response of Kenya’s

Primary Exports to Price and

Non-Price Factors: The Case

of Coffee and Tea

Priscilla Wanjiku Mugo






YOUNG PROFESSIONALS (YPs) TRAINING

PROGRAMME

DP/183/2015

ISBN 9966 058 55 3

Discussion Papers (DP)71. Liberalization of services and its implications on agricultural trade in Eastern

Africa region (Onyango C, 2010) – DP No. 117

72. Role of education and training in reducing poverty and unemployment in Kenya (Onsomu E N and Munga B O, 2010) – DP No. 118

73. Ndung’u report on land grabbing in Kenya: Legal and economic analysis (Kieyah J and Mbae-Njoroge C, 2010) – DP No. 119

74. Production risk and farm technology adoption in rain-fed maize production in semi-arid lands of Kenya (Ogada M, 2010) – DP No. 120

75. A panel data analysis of the determinants of tourism destination (Sagwe J, 2010) – DP No. 121

76. Efficiency of the financial market intermediation process in Kenya: A comparative analysis (Oduor J, Karingi S and Mwaura S, 2010) – DP No. 122

77. Contractionary monetary policy effects on aggregate income when exchange rates overshoot in Kenya (Oduor J, Karingi S, Njuguna A E and Kuuya P, 2010) – DP No. 123

78. Poverty, growth and income inequality in Kenya: A SAM perspective (Gakuru R and Mathenge N, 2011) – DP 124

79. International trade liberalization and economic growth: The role of regulatory policies (Biwott P, 2011) – DP 125

80. Is there a real estate market boom or bubble in urban Kenya: A case study of residential real estate in Nairobi Metropolitan Region (Mbae/Njoroge C, 2011) – DP 126




tel: +254 20 2719933/4, 2714714/5, 2721654, 2721110



Enhancing Road InfrastructureDevelopment through

Public Private Partnership

in Kenya: A Comparative AnalysisAlex Oguso






YOUNG PROFESSIONALS (YPs) TRAINING PROGRAMME

DP/184/2015

ISBN 9966 058 56 0

Discussion Papers (DP)81. The effect of infrastructure on foreign direct investment in Kenya (Nyaosi E,

2011) – DP 127

82. Evaluating the impact of road traffic congestion mitigation measures in Nairobi Metropolitan Region (Gachanja J, 2012) – DP 128

83. The relationship between electricity consumption and output in Kenyan manufacturing sector (Karumba M, 2012) – DP 129

84. Job search in developing countries: Empirical evidence from Kenya (Wambugu A, Onsomu E and Munga B, 2012) – DP 130

85. Evaluating trade and revenue effects of the EAC customs union in Kenya (Onyango C, 2012) – DP 131

86. Is the East African Community inducing growth? (Muluvi A, 2012) – DP 132

87. The water poverty index: A situational analysis of selected counties in Kenya (Githiora Y, 2012) – DP 133

88. An analysis of China-Kenya bilateral relations on infrastructure development (Mulinge E, 2012) – DP 134

89. Household demand for housing in urban Kenya: The case of Nairobi and Mombasa counties (Musyoka P, 2012) – DP 135

90. Enhancing formal access to water in Kenya: The non-revenue water management approach (Olwa B, 2012) – DP 136

91. Violent victimization in Kenya: Its nature and covariates (Ndung’u T, 2012) – DP 137




tel: +254 20 2719933/4, 2714714/5, 2721654, 2721110

fax: +254 20 2719951



The Effects of Climate

Variability on Livestock

Revenues in Kenya

Philemon Lagat







PROGRAMME

DP/182/2015

ISBN 9966 058 54 6

Discussion Papers (DP)92. A review of various options for alleviating human-wildlife conflicts in Kenya

(Muthui L, 2012) – DP 138

93. Effects of minimum wage on gendered employment in Kenya (Bengal E, 2012) – DP 139

94. The effects of land tenure on land use in Kenya: Evidence from Bondo, Busia and Siaya districts (Kang’ethe D, 2012) – DP 140

95. Patenting in Kenya: Status and challenges (Kiveu M, 2012) – DP 141

96. Effects of financial literacy on financial access in Kenya (Shibia A, 2012) – DP 142

97. Institutional and policy framework necessary for harnessing diaspora remittances in Kenya (Githuku S, 2013) – DP 143

98. Determinants of private car ownership in Kenyan households (Randu E, 2013) – DP 144

99. Determinants of public irrigation schemes performance in Kenya (Ng’enoh E, 2013) – DP 145

100. Cost efficiency and scale economies of Kenya’s water service providers (Kalunde H, 2013) – DP 146

101. Effect of health insurance on child and maternal health outcomes in Kenya (Kiplagat I, 2013) – DP 147

102. Sustainability of current account deficits in Kenya (Gichuki J, 2013) – DP 148




tel: +254 20 2719933/4, 2714714/5, 2721654, 2721110



Supply Response of Kenya’s

Primary Exports to Price and

Non-Price Factors: The Case

of Coffee and Tea

Priscilla Wanjiku Mugo






YOUNG PROFESSIONALS (YPs) TRAINING PROGRAMME

DP/183/2015

ISBN 9966 058 55 3

Discussion Papers (DP)103. Diplomacy and exports: The case of Kenya (Gichuru J, 2013) – DP 149

104. Determinants of manufacturing firm’s location in Kenyan counties (Marang’a W, 2013) – DP 150

105. Dietary diversity and child malnutrition in Kenya (Mbogori T, 2013) – DP 151

106. Determinants of informal financial use in Kenya (Bett J, 2013) – DP 152

107. The effect of regional integration on net inward FDI flow in East African countries (Manasseh O, 2013) – DP 153

108. Analysis of price transmission for selected staple food commodities in Kenya (Laibuni N and Omiti J, 2013) – DP 154

109. Demand for health care in Kenya: The effect of health insurance (Gakii J, 2013) – DP 155

110. Effects of household food expenditure on child nutritional status in Kenya (Ochieng’ C, 2013) – DP 156

111. Child labour and its determinants in Kenya (Maina B, 2013) – DP 157

112. The role of cash transfers in poverty reduction: Evidence from Kenya (Nafula N and Onsomu E, 2013) – DP 158

113. Poverty growth and inequality decomposition: A household survey analysis (Nafula N, Ndirangu L and Onsomu E, 2013) – DP 159

114. Identity and social cohesion in Kenya: Linkages and correlates (Munga B, Mwabu, G and Kiplagat I, 2014) – DP 160




tel: +254 20 2719933/4, 2714714/5, 2721654, 2721110

fax: +254 20 2719951



Kenya and the East Africa

Monetary Union

Kirwa Lelei Ng’eny







PROGRAMME

DP/180/2015

ISBN 9966 058 52 2

Discussion Papers (DP)115. A review of institutional and regulatory environment in the wholesale and retail

trade in Kenya (Muluvi A and Githuku S, 2014) – DP 161

116. Import structure and economic growth in Kenya (Muluvi A, Kamau P and Gitau C, 2014) – DP 162

117. Health professionals in Kenya: Estimating minimum county requirements (Ngara-Muraya R and Muthaka D, 2014) – DP 163

118. Alcohol consumption and health care expenditure (Kanina J, 2014) – DP 164

119. Predictors of availability of maternal health medicines in Kenya’s health facilities (Muriithi G, 2014) – DP 165

120. Analysis of electricity consumption by households in Kenya (Ojudi M, 2014) – DP 166

121. Stimulating supply of residential housing for low income earners in Kenya (Vuluku G, 2014) – DP 167

122. Financial deepening, savings mobilization and poverty reduction in Kenya (Obonyo G, 2014) – DP 168

123. The sustainability and macroeconomic effects of the public sector wage bill in Kenya (Yagan S, 2014) – DP 169

124. Real exchange rate volatility and exports in Kenya: 2005-2011 (Otieno M, 2014) – DP 170

Kenya Institute for Public Policy Research and AnalysisBishops Garden Towers, Bishops Road

PO Box 56445, Nairobi, Kenyatel: +254 20 2719933/4, 2714714/5, 2721654, 2721110

fax: +254 20 2719951email: [email protected]: http://www.kippra.org

Efficiency of Fish Farming under Economic Stimulus Programme in KenyaTabitha Nduku


The KENYA INSTITUTE for PUBLICPOLICY RESEARCH and ANALYSIS

THE KENYA INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC POLICY RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS (KIPPRA)YOUNG PROFESSIONALS (YPs) TRAINING PROGRAMME

DP/181/2015

ISBN 9966 058 53 9

Discussion Papers125. Analysis of factors determining performance of Kenya’s manufactured exports

(Cheboi N, 2014) – DP 171

126. Effects of mixed traffic on road traffic deaths in Kenya (Muhoro, G, 2015) – DP 172

127. Factors determining consumer fraud reporting in Kenya (Musamali R, 2014) – DP 173

128. Maize supply response to climate variability and prices in Kenya (Kirui L, 2014) – DP 174

129. Implications of Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) on Kenya (Muluvi A, Githuku S, Otieno M, and Onyango C, 2015) – DP 175

130. Access to formal finance: Constraints for small and medium manufacturing firms in Kenya (Ng’ang’a W, 2015) – DP 176

131. Towards a coordinated security approach between private security firms and the police service in Kenya (Inoti, P, 2015) – DP 177

132. Barriers to value addition in Omena fisheries value chain in Kenya (Muma M, 2015) – DP 178

133. A fiscal reaction function for Kenya (Mutuku C, 2015) – DP 179

134. Kenya and the East African Monetary Union (Kirwa L N, 2015) – DP 180

135. Efficiency of fish farming under economic stimulus programme in Kenya (Nduku T, 2015) – DP 181

136. The effects of climate variability on livestock revenues in Kenya (Lagat P, 2015) – DP 182




tel: +254 20 2719933/4, 2714714/5, 2721654, 2721110

fax: +254 20 2719951



A Fiscal Reaction

Function for Kenya

Cyrus Mutuku







PROGRAMME

DP/179/2015

ISBN 9966 058 51 5

Discussion Papers137. Supply response of Kenya’s primary exports to price and non-price factors (Mugo

P, 2015) – DP 183

138. Enhancing road infrastructure development through public private partnership in Kenya: A comparative analysis (Oguso A, 2015) – DP 184

139. Reduction of carbon dioxide emissions in Kenya: Focus on renewable energy (Mulea A, 2015) – DP 185

140. Review of performance measuring tools and performance contracting in Kenya (Gichini M, 2013) – DP 186

141. Evolution and decomposition of income inequality in Kenya (Munga B, 2015) – DP 187

142. Measuring social cohesion index for Kenya: A methodological note (Onsomu E, Nafula N, Munga B, Nyanjom O and King’oro S, 2017) – DP 188

143. Implications of trade facilitation on FDI in Kenya (Onyango, C H, 2017) – DP 189

144. Inequalities in healthcare service delivery in Kenya (Kirii P M, Muthaka D and Murithi G, 2017) – DP 190

145. Harnessing Kenya’s demographic dividend: Effects of population dynamics (Nduati R, 2017) – DP 191

146. Kenya’s Input-Output Table for development planning (Wanjala B M, 2017) – DP 192




Towards a Coordinated Security Approach between Private Security Firms and the Police Service in Kenya

Pamela Inoti




DP/177/2015

ISBN 9966 058 49 2

Discussion Papers (DP)147. Effect of trade facilitation on Kenyan exports to the European Union: Case of fruits

and vegetables (Owino B, 2017) – DP 193

148. Digital dividends: Evidence from Internet usage in Kenya (Njeri R, 2017) – DP 194

149. Analysis of opportunity cost of agroforestry among smallholder farmers in Western Kenya (Owuor R, 2017) – DP 195

150. Macroeconomic determinants of public debt accumulation in Kenya (Kirui E, 2017) – DP 196

151. Destruction of riparian zones in the Nairobi Metropolitan region (Karangi M N, 2017) – DP 197

152. An analysis of the factors influencing wildlife population in some selected counties in Kenya’s rangelands (Kamochu W W, 2017) – DP 198

153. The determinants of technical efficiency in secondary schools in Kenya (Sitati M, 2017) – DP 199

154. Effects of household environmental characteristics on child health in Kenya (Odima, A, 2017) – DP 200

155. Effects of capital assests on livelihood-based outcomes from livestocck production among youth in the semi-arid lands of Kenya (Muma M, 2018) – DP 201

156. Foreign direct investment, spillover effects and innovation: Experience from the Kenyan enterprise sector (Nandwa M E, 2018) – DP 202

157. Determinants of domestic tourism participation in Kenya (Ndambuki D, 2018) – DP 203





Access to Formal Finance: Constraints for Small and Medium Manufacturing Firms in Kenya

Wilson Ng’ang’a




DP/176/2015

ISBN 9966 058 48 5

158. Determinants and welfare effect of smallholder farmers’ commercialization in Kenya (Murathi K N, 2018) – DP 204

159. Determinants of public participation in Kenya counties (Mbithi A M, 2018) – DP 205

160. Responsiveness of gross national saving rate to changes in fiscal and monetary policy in Kenya (Omanyo D O, 2018) – DP 206

161. Threshold fiscal deficit on economic growth in Kenya (Kiptoo S C, 2018) – DP 207

162 Challenges in implementing and enforcing collective bargaining agreements (Musili B M, 2018) – DP 208

163. Intensity of energy consumption among Kenya’s households (Mbaka, C K, 2018) – DP 209

164. Characterization of potential labour market entrants by educational attainment in Kenya (Momanyi N N and Ndungu J K, 2018) – DP 210

165. Review of goverment-sponsored youth employment programmes in Kenya (Mokwaro B E and Nduvi S N, 2018) – DP 211

166. Empirical estimation of productivity and its determinants in Kenya (Lukalo D and Kiminyei F, 2018) – DP 212

167. Examining youth employment preferences in Kenya (Owino E and Wairimu E, 2018) – DP 213

Discussion Papers (DP)168. Employment distribution of youth graduates across economic sectors in Kenya

(Khainga D and and Mbithi J, 2018) – DP 214

169. The role of information communication technologies in innovation in Kenya’s micro, small and medium establishments (Gitonga A and Moyi E, 2018) – DP 215

170. Labour demand in Kenya: Sectoral analysis (Okara V and Obiero B, 2018) – DP 216

171. Governance and coordination in management of drought and floods disasters (Kinoti J K, 2019) – DP 217

172. Households coping mechanisms and resilience to the impacts of droughts and floods in Kenya Shibia A G, 2019) – DP 218

173 Transforming livestock production through systems thinking approach: The case of West Pokot and Narok counties (Kirui L and Laibuni N, 2019) – DP 219

174. Firms coping mechanisms and resilience to the impacts of droughts and floods in Kenya (Shibia, A A, 2019) – DP 220




Tel: +254 20 2719933/4, 2714714/5, 2721654, 2721110

[email protected]



in Kenya:

Nexus between Climate Change


Practice

Authors





AFRICA (UNECA)

WP/20/2017ISBN 9966 058 61 4



Menelik II Ave.


Tel: +251 11 544 5000

[email protected]

Working Papers (WP)

Working Papers (WPs) disseminate results of ongoing research at the Institute. The papers in the series cover specific policy issues in detail and are meant to provide policy makers and researchers with background information that can be used in

developing refined discussion and policy papers. The papers are authored and reviewed by KIPPRA researchers and disseminated to provoke debate and solicit comments.

1. Kenya’s reform experience: What have we learnt? (Were M, Ngugi R W, Makau P, Wambua J and Oyugi L, 2005) - WP 12

2. Tax reform experience in Kenya (Karingi S, Wanjala B, Nyamunga J, Okello A, Pambah E and Nyakang’o E, 2005) – WP 13

3. Development finance institutions in Kenya: Issues and policy options (Njenga G, Ngugi R W and Mwaura M, 2006) – WP 14

4. Development of bonds market: Kenya’s experience (Mbewa M, Ngugi R W and Githinji A, 2007) – WP 15

5. Inequality, poverty and the environment in Kenya (Ikiara M, Mwakubo S and Olukoye G, 2009) – WP 16

6. Critical issues on food security in the Nile Basin countries: An interventionist trans-boundary approach (Ndirangu L, Omiti J and Waiyaki N, 2010) – WP 17

Working Papers




Tel: +254 20 2719933/4, 2714714/5, 2721654, 2721110

[email protected]



in Kenya:Nexus between Climate Change


Practice

Authors





AFRICA (UNECA)

WP/20/2017

ISBN 9966 058 61 4



Menelik II Ave.


Tel: +251 11 544 [email protected]

7. Overview of intellectual property rights: The case of Kenya (Gitonga A and Kieyah J, 2011) – WP 18

8. The Nile Agreement of 1929: Legal and economic analysis (Kieyah J and Kang’ethe D, 2012) – WP 19

9. An assessment of agricultural sector policies and climate change in Kenya: Nexus between climate change related policies, research and practice (Nyangena W, Guthiga P and Ogada M, 2017) – WP 20

10. Downscaled climate analysis on historical, current and future trends in the East African Community region (Mukhala E, Ngaina, J N and Maingi N W, 2017) – WP 21

11. Assessment of Tanzania’s agricultural production, climate change, agricultural trade and food security (Tumbo S D, Mahoo H F, Mutabazi K D, Kahimba F C, Kadigi I L and Mnimbo T, 2017) – WP 22

12. An assessment of Rwanda’s agricultural production, climate change, agricultural trade and food security (Gasheja F and Gatemberezi P, 2017) – WP 23

13. A scoping study on Burundi’s agricultural production in a changing climate and the supporting policies (Ndayiragije A, Mkezabahizi D, Ndimubandi J and Kabogoye F, 2017) – WP 24

14. An assessment of Uganda’s agricultural production, climate change, agricultural trade and food security (Shinyekwa M B, Mwesigye F, Kuteesa A and Ijjo A T, 2017) – WP 25

15. A synthesis of the impacts of climate change/scenarios on agricultural production systems in the East African Community region (Mukhala E, Maingi N W and Ngaina J N, 2017) – WP 26

16. Impact of climate change and agricultural policy on household welfare and trade in East African Community (Mulwa R, 2017) – WP 27

17. Assessing the impact of climate change on agricultural production, trade and food security in the East African Community: The trade model (Omolo M, 2017) - WP 28

18 Public sector reforms in Kenya: Challenges and opportunities (Alfred Ong’era A and Musili B M, 2019) – WP 29

19 Tracing the path to transformative leadership in public sector in Kenya (Wang’ombe H, Kivoi D, Laibuni N, Musili B M, and Ngugi R W, 2019) – WP 30

20 Climate change, agricultural production, trade, food security and welfare in East African Community (Laibuni N, Nyangena J, Muluvi A and Onyango C, 2019) – WP No. 31

21 Transforming livestock production through systems thinking approach: The case of West Pokot and Narok counties (Kirui L and Laibuni N, 2019) – WP 32




Tel: +254 20 2719933/4, 2714714/5, 2721654, 2721110

[email protected]

Climate Change, Agricultural Production, Trade, Food

Security and Welfare in East African Community


THE KENYA INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC POLICY RESEARCH AND

ANALYSIS (KIPPRA)AND

UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR AFRICA (UNECA)

WP/31/2019

ISBN 9966 817 13 6



Menelik II Ave.


Tel: +251 11 544 [email protected]

Policy Briefs (PB)(2006)

1

KIPPRA Policy Brief No. 1/2014

Improving public policy making for economic growth and poverty reductionThe KENYA INSTITUTE for PUBLIC

POLICY RESEARCH and ANALYSISNo. 1/2014

Making Youth Employment Policies Work

Policy Issue

Government policy and public investment has focused disproportionately

on formal private sector development and on education that is geared to

urban wage employment as a solution to youth unemployment. A closer

look at the gures, however, reveals that underemployment, especially

in rural areas, is the greater challenge. A retooling of Kenya’s youth employment

policies to focus on the opportunities for youth in agricultural and informal

sectors could yield much greater bene ts for young people – and for the country.

Background

Youth employment is recognized by the

Government of Kenya and its development

partners as a matter of priority, and rightly so.

About two-thirds of Kenya’s unemployed are

young people, and an additional 800,000 young

Kenyans enter the labour market every year.

Considering that the Kenyan economy added a

total of 520,000 jobs in 2011 implies that until

that gure doubles, Kenya is facing a labour

crisis – and the youth will suffer the brunt of it.

Even if job creation does double, there is a

question of whether Kenya’s youth will have the

skills they need to ll those positions. Despite

the country’s free primary and day secondary

schooling policy that greatly subsidizes

education, it is estimated that nearly 1.5 million

Kenyan children (aged between 5 and 14), 14%

of the approximately 10.6 million children, left

school or never attended school in 2009 . These

children are likely to graduate into youths with

skills de cits over the next decade.

While the seriousness of this problem is clearly

recognized by all, the nature of that problem

can at times be misrepresented. Indeed, there

are three ways that the youth employment

challenge has been misunderstood. One

source of confusion is that youth employment

statistics are misleading , but a closer look

reveals the real nature of the problems facing

young people in the job market. KIPPRA

researchers have put together gures from

the 2006 Integrated Household Budget Survey

and 2009 population census to give a more

complete understanding .

According to the 2009 statistics based on the

Kenya Integrated Household Budget Survey,

about 62% of the 14 million young Kenyans (aged

15–34) are employed. This gure is responsible

for the rst major misunderstanding because

it includes a large group of young people who

are engaged in low-paying and sporadic work

– often in the informal sector. Only 2 million

Kenyans in this age group, or about 14%, are

employed in what they consider to be a good

job, formal or otherwise – and that gure is

the crux of the challenge. Youth employment

in Kenya is as much about quality as it is about

quantity: young people certainly need more

jobs, but they also need jobs that are high

productivity and high income activities.

A second misperception, connected to this one,

is that educated youth are facing the highest

levels of unemployment. While it is true that

By Boaz Munga and Eldah Onsomu, Policy Analysts, Kenya Institute for Public Policy Research and Analysis

Policy Briefs (PB) aim at wide dissemination of the Institute’s policy research findings. The findings are meant to stimulate discussion and also build capacity in the public policy making process in Kenya.

1. Negotiating trade in services under an economic partnership agreement: A proposal for Kenya (PB 1, 2006)

2. Enhancing the role of development finance institutions in Kenya’s development process (PB 2, 2006)

3. Public procurement policy in Kenya: The need for a coherent policy framework (PB 3, 2006)

4. Promoting private sector participation in provision of higher education in Kenya (PB 4, 2006)

5. Multiplicity of taxes and licences in the trucking industry in Kenya: Is there a case for deregulation? (PB 5, 2006)

6. Flaws in the development and allocation of Jua Kali sheds and hawkers markets in Kenya (PB 6, 2006)

7. Strengthening budget reforms in Kenya: Issues and challenges (PB 7, 2006)

8. Enhancing growth of the Nairobi Stock Exchange primary market (PB 8, 2006)

9. Using social budgeting to improve the budgetary process in Kenya (PB 9, 2006)

10. Lessons from Kenya’s tax reform experience (PB10, 2006)

11. Improving the enabling environment for business in Kenya (PB 11, 2006)

12. Reducing implicit taxation of the agricultural sector in Kenya (PB 12, 2006)

13. High seed maize prices in Kenya (PB 13, 2006)

14. Policy options for financing secondary education in Kenya (PB 14, 2006)

15. Attracting foreign direct investment into Kenya (PB 15, 2006)

16. Strengthening the budgetary framework for private healthcare providers in Kenya (PB 16, 2006)

17. The future of monetary policy regime in Kenya (PB 17, 2006)

18. Organizing urban road public transport in Nairobi city (PB 18, 2006)

1


Improving public policy making for economic growth and poverty reduction



No. 1/2015

Strategies to Mitigate Road Traffic Congestion in

the Nairobi Metropolitan Region

Policy Issue

Traffic congestion is one of th

e key concerns affecting the performance

of the transport system in Nairobi. In

2008, it was estim

ated that th

e

economic cost of traffic jams in Nairobi M

etropolitan Region (N

MR) was

approximately Ksh 1.9 billion annually, on account of cost of additio

nal

time spent on travel due to congestion. The situation is probably gettin

g worse

every year.

Introduction

A transport system should facilita

te the

movement of people, goods and services

as efficiently as possible from origins to

destinations that are separated in time and

space, and thus reduce the effects of distance

as an inhibiting factor in people’s ability

to

realize their economic and social aspirations.

The type traffic congestion being witnessed

in Nairobi is leading to increased costs,

longer travel times, constrained economic

productivity, a

dverse health and environmental

externalities.

The population growth Nairobi will most

certainly continue to have adverse im

plications

on the transport s

ystem and traffic congestion.

In 2009, the population of th

e Nairobi Metro

was around 6,658,000 and is estimated to grow

significantly by th

e year 2030. While population

pressure has been one of the key contrib

uting

factors to transport c

hallenges, other factors

include:

• Increased vehicle ownership;

• Inefficient spatial distribution of la

nd uses,

among others.

• Inadequate transport in

frastructure;

• Lack of proper

traffic control and

management;

• Lack of proper planning for transportation;

and

Nationally, the registration rate of new motor

vehicles has increased from 63,486 vehicles in

2011 to 94,017 vehicles in 2013. Motorcars have

increased at a faster rate of 7% than buses and

mini-buses (5%), which im

plies that personal

vehicles are becoming more popular as a

mode of transport in

the country and especially

in Nairobi. This could be explained by th

e lack

of appropriate alternatives to priva

te car use

for daily

commute. It is anticipated th

at in a

business as usual scenario, the rate of car

ownership will increase in tandem with growth

in per capita GDP. It is estim

ated that out of

the approximately 900,000 registered motor

vehicles in Kenya in 2008, 67% (603,000) were

located in the Nairobi Metro.

The spatial-economic structure of Nairobi

has also contributed to the problem of tr

affic

congestion through the almost exclusive focus

on access to the Central Business District

(CBD). For instance, most commuters try to

access jobs and socio-economic opportunitie

s

at the same tim

e on an 8:00am–5:00pm daily

schedule that furth

er exacerbates the problem.

Moreover, land use changes have also occurre

d

along the main transport c

orridors within the

city, with commercial la

nd uses creating more

demand on the transport n

etwork in Nairobi.

Policy Briefs (PB)1. Options for sustaining Kenya’s economic growth pattern (PB1, 2007)

2. Improving the growth of small firms sub-sector: Role of interfirm linkages (PB 2, 2007)

3. Strategies for expanding access to secondary education in Kenya (PB 3, 2007)

4. Governance challenges in public expenditure management in Kenya (PB 4, 2007)

5. Enhancing the commercialization of smallholder agriculture in Kenya (PB 5, 2007)

6. Promoting development of bonds in Kenya (PB 6, 2007)

7. Improving the security situation in Kenya (PB 7, 2007)

8. Strategies for securing energy supply in Kenya (PB 8, 2007)

9. Explaining chronic poverty in Kenya (PB 9, 2007)

10. Improving technology competitiveness of small enterprises in Kenya (PB 10, 2007)

11. Effectiveness of financial sector reforms in promoting domestic private investment in Kenya (PB 11, 2007)

12. Subsidizing secondary education in Kenya: Costs, financing sources and implications (PB 12, 2007)

(2007)

1


Improving public policy making for economic growth and poverty reduction



No. 1/2015

Strategies to Mitigate Road Traffic Congestion in

the Nairobi Metropolitan Region

Policy Issue

Traffic congestion is one of th

e key concerns affecting the performance

of the transport system in Nairobi. In

2008, it was estim

ated that th

e

economic cost of traffic jams in Nairobi M

etropolitan Region (N

MR) was

approximately Ksh 1.9 billion annually, on account of cost of additio

nal

time spent on travel due to congestion. The situation is probably gettin

g worse

every year.

Introduction

A transport system should facilita

te the

movement of people, goods and services

as efficiently as possible from origins to

destinations that are separated in time and

space, and thus reduce the effects of distance

as an inhibiting factor in people’s ability

to

realize their economic and social aspirations.

The type traffic congestion being witnessed

in Nairobi is leading to increased costs,

longer travel times, constrained economic

productivity, a

dverse health and environmental

externalities.

The population growth Nairobi will most

certainly continue to have adverse im

plications

on the transport s

ystem and traffic congestion.

In 2009, the population of th

e Nairobi Metro

was around 6,658,000 and is estimated to grow

significantly by th

e year 2030. While population

pressure has been one of the key contrib

uting

factors to transport c

hallenges, other factors

include:

• Increased vehicle ownership;

• Inefficient spatial distribution of la

nd uses,

among others.

• Inadequate transport in

frastructure;

• Lack of proper

traffic control and

management;

• Lack of proper planning for transportation;

and

Nationally, the registration rate of new motor

vehicles has increased from 63,486 vehicles in

2011 to 94,017 vehicles in 2013. Motorcars have

increased at a faster rate of 7% than buses and

mini-buses (5%), which im

plies that personal

vehicles are becoming more popular as a

mode of transport in

the country and especially

in Nairobi. This could be explained by th

e lack

of appropriate alternatives to priva

te car use

for daily

commute. It is anticipated th

at in a

business as usual scenario, the rate of car

ownership will increase in tandem with growth

in per capita GDP. It is estim

ated that out of

the approximately 900,000 registered motor

vehicles in Kenya in 2008, 67% (603,000) were

located in the Nairobi Metro.

The spatial-economic structure of Nairobi

has also contributed to the problem of tr

affic

congestion through the almost exclusive focus

on access to the Central Business District

(CBD). For instance, most commuters try to

access jobs and socio-economic opportunitie

s

at the same tim

e on an 8:00am–5:00pm daily

schedule that furth

er exacerbates the problem.

Moreover, land use changes have also occurre

d

along the main transport c

orridors within the

city, with commercial la

nd uses creating more

demand on the transport n

etwork in Nairobi.

Policy Briefs (PB)

(2007)13. Strategies for revitalizing the pyrethrum industry in Kenya (PB 13, 2007)

14. Safeguarding Kenya’s agricultural sector from import surges (PB 14, 2007)

15. Enhancing investment performance for sustained economic growth in Kenya (PB 15, 2007)

16. How should MSEs be supported to access the public procurement market in Kenya (PB 16, 2007)

17. Enhancing private sector participation in the provision of primary and secondary education in Kenya (PB 17, 2007)

18. Estimating the size of the underground economy in Kenya and its tax potential (PB 18, 2007)

1. Rebasing GDP: Rationale and the economic implications (PB 1, 2014)

2. Kenya now a middle income economy but Wanjiku still crying (PB 2, 2014)

3. Rebasing of Kenya’s economy: Factors contributing to agricultural growth (PB 3, 2014)

4. Implications of GDP rebasing on skills and professional development (PB 4, 2014)

5. Rebased economy and the implications on Kenya’s participation in international trade (PB 5, 2014)

Policy Briefs

(2014)

Policy Briefs

(2015)1. Making youth employment policies work (PB 1, 2015)

2. Mitigating road traffic congestion in the Nairobi metropolitan region (PB 2, 2015)

3. Wage disparities in the formal sectors: Policy options for Kenya (PB 3, 2015)

1





No. 1/2017

Sustaining Kenya’s Economic Development

by Deepening and Expanding Economic

Integration in the Region

Kenya aspires to transform from a lower

middle income country to an upper

middle income country by year 2030. This

aspiration is valid and attainable because most of

the economic fundamentals are largely in place

to enable the country take off. The economy

has remained resilient over time, with economic

growth rate increasing from 5.7% in 2015 to 5.8%

in 2016 largely due to a stable macroeconomic

environment.

However, the difference between Kenya’s total

value of exports and total value of imports

has been negative for some time. Due to the

recent increase in government investments in

infrastructure, public debt has increased to 52%

of GDP, surpassing the East African Community

(EAC) convergence criteria of 50% of GDP. But

government borrowing plans are well anchored

in the medium term debt management strategy to

ensure debt sustainability.

The gap between savings and investment has

remained high over time, meaning that there

is need to boost the mobilization of domestic

resources to enable access to adequate and

appropriate financing of the required investment.

Interest rates are stabilizing following the capping

in 2016 and continued tight monetary policy

stance adopted to maintain stability. However, the

capping has partly resulted into decline in credit

to the private sector as banks tighten lending

requirements.

To attain the upper middle income category

and sustain growth that creates employment

opportunities, reduces poverty, and provides

access to essential services by the poor, the

economy needs to grow at an annual rate of

10%. This requires accelerated growth in private

investments to reach investment/GDP ratio of 30%

and over 9% growth in exports.

To achieve the upper middle

income category, at the

minimum, Kenyas’s economy

needs to achieve a projected

growth rate of at least 9.5% by

2020

Besides, regional economic integration is an

essential economic development channel to

deliver sustainable development because it

helps a country achieve economies of scale and

enhance competitiveness, which are necessary for

industrialization and structural transformation. In

Africa, regional economic integration also enables

countries to enhance domestic and foreign

investments as well as promote peace and security.

Furthermore, economic integration provides an

opportunity to expand private investments in

support of value addition and diversification of

exports, thus placing the economy on a stable

and sustainable growth path.

This brief is based on the Kenya Economic Report

2017 by KIPPRA.

The report has been prepared at a time when the

government is taking stock on implementation

of Medium Term Plan (MTP) II, and kick-starting

preparations for the second last medium term plan

(MTP III) of Vision 2030. Worth noting is that Kenya

is currently classified as a lower middle income

country as per the World Bank classification

and to attain the upper middle income category,

significant growth of economic activity is required

to move from per capita income of US$ 1,361 in

2015 to upper middle income per capita of US$

4,000.

Policy Briefs (PB)

(2017-2018)

1





No. 1/2017




K enya aspires to transform from a lower

middle income

country to

an upper








environment.





















requirements.








and over 9% growth in exports.To achieve the upper middle





2020



deliver sustainable

development because

it













2017 by KIPPRA.












4,000.

1. Sustaining Kenya’s economic development by deepening and expanding economic integration in the region (PB 1, 2017-2018)

2. Addressing youth livelihoods through livestock production in the semi-arid lands of Kenya (PB 2, 2017-2018)

3. Promoting purple tea to enhance diversification in Kenya’s tea industry (PB 3, 2017-2017-2018)

4. Invest in human resources to accelerate attainment of universal healthcare (PB 4, 2017-2018)

5. Promoting public participation for improved health outcomes (PB 5, 2017-2018)

6. Achieving universal healthcare coverage: Lessons to consider (PB 6, 2017-2018)

7. Towards strengthening public financial management in county governments in Kenya (PB 7, 2017-2018)

8. Improving health status of children in Kenya (PB 8, 2017-2018)

9. Assessment of healthcare delivery under devolution in Kenya: Case of Kakamega County (PB 9, 2017-2018)

10. Delivering affordable housing in Kenya requires a paradigm shift (PB 10, 2017-2018)

Policy Briefs (PB)(2018-2019)

1. Health care delivery under devolution (47 County Briefs), PB 1-47/2018-2019

2. An assessment of health care delivery under devolution: County briefs (PB 48/2018-2019)

3. Growing protectionism and its implications on Kenya’s foreign trade with the USA and UK (PB 49/2018-2019)

4. Economic and social implications of drought and floods in Kenya (PB 50/2018-2019)

5. Boosting investments for delivery of the Kenya Vision 2030 (PB 51/2018-2019)

6. Leveraging on TVET to unlock employment opportunities for youth in Kenya (PB 52/2018-2019)

7. Promoting structural transformation for high productivity jobs in Kenya (PB 53/2018-2019)

8. Tightening compliance of the Basic Education Act to ensure complete and seamless transition across all Levels of schooling (PB 54/2018-2019)

9. Child sensitive planning and budgeting: Nairobi County brief (PB 55/2018-2019)

10. Child sensitive planning and budgeting: West Pokot County brief PB 56/2018-2019)

11. Child sensitive planning and budgeting: Kisumu County brief (PB 57/2018-2019)

12. Unlocking Kenya’s blue economy potential for wealth and jobs creation (PB 58/2018-2019)

13. Enhancing technical skills development for Kenya’s structural transformation (PB 59/2018-2019)

14. Focusing on youth entrepreneurship as an alternative source of youth employment in Kenya (PB 60/2018-2019)

1

KIPPRA Policy Brief No. 69/2018-2019




No. 69/2018-2019

An Assessment of the Public Expenditure and Financial

Accountability in Makueni County

By Christopher H. Onyango, Manaseh O. Otieno and Kenneth Malot

IntroductionThe Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability

(PEFA) assessment was carried out in the County of

Makueni and five other counties, namely: Nakuru,

Kajiado, Baringo, West Pokot and Kakamega. The

exercise was undertaken by KIPPRA in conjunction

with the World Bank (Kenya Office) in 2017. This was

the first sub-national PEFA assessment in Kenya

following devolved

system of

government. The

rationale for the PEFA assessment is to provide a clear

and deeper understanding about the functioning of

the public finance management (PFM) system and the

organizational aspects of existing institutions at county

level. The main objectives of the assessment include:

i) assess the state of financial management capacity in

the county government; ii) identify gaps in capacities,

systems, policies and processes in PFM; iii) provide a

basis for PFM reforms; and iv) facilitate and develop a

self-assessment capacity at the county level.

The users of PEFA include the private sector, civil

society organizations, faith-based organizations and

international development institutions. The PEFA scores

and reports allow all users of the information to gain

a quick overview on the strengths and weaknesses of

the county’s PFM systems. The importance of PEFA is

to facilitate the attainment of fiscal discipline, strategic

allocation of resources, and efficiency in service

delivery. The assessment covered a period of three (3) fiscal years

2013/14, 2014/15 and 2015/16. It focused on seven (7)

key pillars of the PEFA framework, namely: (i) budget

reliability; (ii) comprehensiveness and transparency;

(iii) management of assets and liabilities; (iv) policy-

based fiscal strategy and budgeting; (v) predictability

and control in budget execution; (vi) accounting and

reporting; and (vii) external scrutiny and audit.

County Administrative and Development Indicators

Location

Eastern region

Area (km 2)

8,0092 km 2

No. of constituencies

6

No. of county assembly wards

30

Estimated total population (KNBS 2015)961,738

Females

493,440

Males

468,298

Population density per km 2

120.1

County contribution to national GDP

1.4%

Gross County Product (2017)

Ksh 100.9 billion

Poverty levels (2015/16)

35%

Key Findings of the PEFA Assessment

(a)

Budget Reliability

Budget reliability refers to the extent to which a

budget is realistic and implemented in accordance

with the approved estimates. Although overall budget

performance is relatively good in Makueni County,

budget reliability is hampered by low rate of budget

execution and high level of reallocation. The County

prepares the budget in accordance with National

Treasury guidelines which require budget proposals

to be presented using administrative, economic and

programme-based approach

using Government

Finance Statistics (GFS). Specifically, budget execution

and reporting were made only on the basis of

administrative and economic classification. Expenditure

outside government financial reports represented less

than 5% of total budgeted county government (BCG)

expenditure.

The absorption rates of the approved budget improved

but remained below 80% in the period under review.

The low absorption in 2013/14 was because it was the

first year of implementation of the devolved system of

government in Kenya and counties were left with about

7 months to execute it. In addition, low absorption was

attributed to the impact of litigation against the County

Government which saw temporary suspension of

administrative activities in the County.

Actual revenue collections were also far below target in

the three years, but this did not lead to a budget deficit

because of the low rate of budget execution.

1





No. 1/2017




K enya aspires to transform from a lower

middle income

country to

an upper








environment.





















requirements.








and over 9% growth in exports.To achieve the upper middle





2020



deliver sustainable

development because

it













2017 by KIPPRA.












4,000.

15. Private sector growth is key to sustainable youth employment (PB 61/2018-2019)

16. Addressing the impacts of climate change on maize production within East Africa Community through policy response (PB 62/2018-2019)

17. Child sensitive budgeting: Kenya 2018 national budget brief (PB 63/2018-2019

18. Child sensitive budgeting: Education and training budget brief (PB 64/2018-2019)

19. Child sensitive budgeting: Health budget brief (PB 65/2018-2019)

20. Child sensitive budgeting: Water and sanitation budget brief (PB 66/2018-2019)

21. Child sensitive budgeting: Socialprotection budget brief (PB 67/2018-2019)

22. The role of empowerment in fostering youth participation in Kenya’s Vision 2030 development agenda (PB 68/2018-2019)

23. An Assessment of the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability in Makueni County (PB 69/2018-2019)

24. An Assessment of the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability in Kajiado County (PB 70/2018-2019)

25. An Assessment of the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability in Nakuru County (PB 71/2018-2019)

26. An Assessment of the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability in Baringo County (PB 72/2018-2019)

27. An Assessment of the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability in Kakamega County (PB 73/2018-2019)

28. An Assessment of the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability in West Pokot County (PB 74/2018-2019)

Policy Briefs (PB)(2018-2019)

Policy Papers (PP) aim at wide dissemination of the Institute’s policy research findings. The findings are meant to stimulate discussion and also build capacity in the public policy making process in Kenya.

Policy Papers




tel: +254 20 2719933/4, 2714714/5, 2721654, 2721110

fax: +254 20 2719951



A Comparative Study on Public-Private

Sector Wage Differentials in Kenya

Policy Paper Series

PP/05/2013

ISBN 978 9966 058 06 5

Salaries & Renumeration

Commission

R e w a r d i n g p r o d u c t i v i t y

1. Should Kenya revert to price controls (Oduor J, Ikiara M, Mwongera N, Kamau P, Onyango C, Mutua J, and Laibuni N, 2010) – PP. 04

2. A comparative study on public-private sector wage differentials in Kenya (KIPPRA, 2013) – PP. 05

Policy Papers (PP)

Special Papers (SP)



(KIPPRA)

Special Report



2015


2016

Special Papers (SP) deal with specific issues that are of policy concern. The reports provide in-depth survey results and/or analysis on policy issues. They are meant to help policy analysts in their research work and assist policy makers in evaluating

various policy options. Deliberate effort is made to simplify the presentation so that issues discussed can be easily grasped by a wide audience.

1. Private sector investment in education and training: A case of tertiary education in Kenya (Ngware, M W, Onsomu E N and Manda D K, 2006) – SP No. 7

2. Policy advocacy needs of MSE associations in Kenya: A survey of MSE associations in Nairobi, Mombasa, Kisumu and Nakuru (Moyi E, 2006) – SP No. 8

3. Review of the 2004/05 budget (2005) – SP No. 9

4. Review of the 2005/06 budget (2006) – SP No. 10

5. Decentralized funds in Kenya: Source book (2006) – SP No. 11

Special Papers

6. Decentralized funds in Kenya: Baseline survey report (2006) – SP No. 12

7. Enhancing productivity and competitiveness of the Kenyan economy through a cluster development strategy (2012) – SP No. 13

8. KIPPRA Young Professionals tracer survey 2003-2011 (2013) – SP No. 14

9. Situational analysis of illicit trade in tobacco products in Kenya (Shibia A, Kieyah J and Gitonga A, 2014) – SP No. 15

10. Report on the status of national values and principles of governance in Kenya, 2015 (2017) – SP No. 16

11. Transforming agribusiness, trade and leadership: A capacity needs assessment of the tea value chain in Kenya (2017) – SP No. 17

12. Towards strengthening public financial management in county governments in Kenya (2018) – SP No. 18

13. An assessment of healthcare delivery in Kenya under the devolved system (2018) – SP No. 19

Special Reports



(KIPPRA)

Special Report



2015


2016

14. Status of drugs and substance abuse among primary school pupils in Kenya (2019) – SP No. 20

15. An Assessment of the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) – Makueni County (2019) – SP No. 21

16. An Assessment of the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) – Kajiado County (2019) – SP No. 22

17. An Assessment of the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) – West Pokot County (2019) – SP No. 23

18. An Assessment of the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) – Kakamega County (2019) – SP No. 24

19. An Assessment of the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) – Baringo County (2019) – SP No. 25

Special Reports

20. An Assessment of the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) – Nakuru County (2019) – SP No. 26

21. County business environment for micro and small enterprises in Kenya (2019) – SP No. 27

22. Status of access to agri-finance by youth and women in Kenya (2019) – SP No. 28

23. Women’s access to agricultural finance in Kenya: Baseline report (2019) – SP No. 29

Conference Proceedings (CP) These report the proceedings of conferences and workshops organized by the Institute. Whenever possible, discussions at such forums are also included. The proceedings

are compiled and reviewed by KIPPRA researchers and are disseminated to inform, provoke, and solicit comments.

1. Urban and regional planning as an instrument for wealth and employment creation: Proceedings of the national conference held from 2-3 February 2005, Nairobi– CP No. 3

2. Economic impact of illicit trade in East Africa: Proceedings of the regional conference held on 6 May 2005, Nairobi– CP No. 4

3. Social budgeting initiative in Kenya: Proceedings of dissemination workshops held in Isiolo, Kwale and Turkana districts, 2005– CP No. 5

4. Improving the enabling environment for business in Kenya: Proceedings of the conference held on 20 January 2005, Nairobi– CP No. 6

5. Development finance institutions in Kenya: Proceedings of the workshop held on 24 May 2006, Nairobi– CP No. 7

6. Building resilience to mitigate the impact of droughts and floods: Proceedings of the KIPPRA regional conference held from 5th–7th June 2018, Nairobi, Kenya - CP No. 8

KIPPRA Policy Monitor

Recent

Economic

Performance

Page 4

Ban on plastic

bags takes effect

in

Kenya

Page 8

Strategies for

promoting National

values & principles

of governance

Page 9

Parliamentary

contention on the

two-thirds gender

rule

Page 11

Policy Monitor


ISSUE 9 NO. 1JULY-SEPTEMBER 2017



(KIPPRA)

Special Report



2015


2016

Ban on Plastic Bags

Finally Takes Effect in Kenya

In addition to reviewing the Institute’s activities, this newsletter carries incisive articles on current policy issues and debate in the country. It also provides an Economic Outlook of Kenya’s economy.

1. KIPPRA Policy Monitor, Issue 4, No. 1 (2011): Unemployment in Kenya

2. KIPPRA Policy Monitor, Issue 4, No. 2 (2012): An assessment of Kenya’s financial governance

3. KIPPRA Policy Monitor, Issue 5, No. 1 (2012): Addressing food price volatility in Kenya

4. KIPPRA Policy Monitor, Issue 5, No. 2 (2013): Transformation of Kenya’s economy key to realization of Vision 2030

5. KIPPRA Policy Monitor, Issue 6, No. 1 (2013): Devolution is more than ‘equitable’ distribution of resources

6. KIPPRA Policy Monitor, Issue 6, No. 2 (2014): Addressing inequalities in basic education schooling in Kenya

7. KIPPRA Policy Monitor, Issue 7, No. 1 (2014): Obstacles in Kenya’s quest for industrialization

8. KIPPRA Policy Monitor, Issue 7, No. 2 (2015): Supremacy wars and conflict of interest among government institutions perpetrate corruption

9. KIPPRA Policy Monitor, Issue 8, No. 2 (2016): Positioning Kenya in order to exploit its potential as a coastal state

10. KIPPRA Policy Monitor, Issue 8, No. 4 (2017): Islamic finance: New opportunity for driving development agenda

11. KIPPRA Policy Monitor, Issue 9, No. 1 (2017): Ban on plastics finally takes effect in Kenya

11. KIPPRA Policy Monitor, Issue 9, No. 2 (2018): Taming the road safety challenge through effective policy response

12. KIPPRA Policy Monitor, Issue 9, No. 3 (2018): Realizing the “Big Four” agenda through energy as an enabler

13. KIPPRA Policy Monitor, Issue 9, No. 4 April-June 2018: Building resilience to droughts and floods

14. KIPPRA Policy Monitor, Issue 10, No. 1 July-September 2018: Developments in Kenya’s public debt: 2007 to 2017

Recent Economic Performance

Page 4

Ban on plastic bags takes effect

in Kenya

Page 8

Strategies for promoting National values & principles of governance

Page 9

Parliamentary contention on the two-thirds gender rule

Page 11

Policy MonitorSupporting Sustainable Development through Research and Capacity Building

ISSUE 9 NO. 1 JULY-SEPTEMBER 2017

KENYA INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC POLICYRESEARCH AND ANALYSIS(KIPPRA)

Special Report

The Status of National Values and Principles of Governance, 2015


Ban on Plastic Bags Finally Takes Effect in Kenya

KIPPRA Policy Monitor, Issue 10, No. 2 October-December 2018: Opportunities and challenges under devolved system of government

KIPPRA Policy Monitor, Issue 10, No. 3 January-March 2019: Transformation of lives since inception of devolution

KIPPRA Policy Monitor, Issue 10 No. 4 April-June 2019: A gendered approach to unlocking the potential for sustainable development

KIPPRA Policy Monitor, Issue 11 No. 1 July-September 2019: Creating jobs and transforming lives for inclusive growth

4 April-June 2019

A GENDERED APPROACH TO UN-LOCKING THE POTENTIAL FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

RecentEconomicDevelopments

Gendered Access toWater and Energyand its Implicationson Household Well-Being

Women and Land Ownership Rights in Kenya: Status, Challenges andOpportunities forReform

Addressing the Challenges Faced by Women-owned Enterprises in Kenya:Evidence from the 2016 MSME Survey

Unlocking thePotential forWomen andYouth throughAgriculturalFinance

Page 04

Page 09

Page 12

Page 19

Page 23

Bishops Garden Towers, Bishops RoadPO Box 56445, Nairobi, Kenya

Tel: +254 20 2719933/4; Fax: +254 20 2719951Email: [email protected]

Website: http://www.kippra.orgTwitter: @kipprakenya

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