Advanced_Materials - S-2 Glass - Agy

Advanced MaterialsSolutions for Demanding Applications

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Stiffness

Delivers 25% morelinear-elastic stiffnessthan conventionalglass fiber.

Strength

Consistent highperformance for

reliable and durablefinished parts.

RadarTransparency

Delivers 20% lowerdielectric constant thanconventional E-Glass fiber.

TemperatureResistance

Retains greater fibertensile strength andstability at elevated

temperatures.

FatigueResistance

Composite rotors andassemblies can withstandflexural fatigue anda major ballistic impactwithout catastrophic failure.

ImpactResistance

Offers better fibertoughness, modulus ofresilience, and impact

deformation, for highercomposite durability

and damage tolerance.

AGY’s Advanced Materials offer a combination of six vital enhanced properties critical for yourdemanding applications: strength, impact resistance, stiffness, temperature resistance, fatigueresistance and radar transparency.

Compared to conventional glass fiber, the enhanced properties of S-2 Glass fiber resultin better weight performance. And when compared to aramid and carbon, the enhancedproperties of S-2 Glass fibers deliver better cost performance.

S-2 Glass® FiberThe High Performance System Solution

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AGY offers our customers a variety ofsolutions by producing both conventionalglass fiber (known as E-Glass) andS-2 Glass fiber. Conventional glassfiber is an excellent reinforcement.That is why E-Glass is, by far,the largest volume compositereinforcement used today.

For more demanding applications,AGY researched and invented S-2 Glass

fiber, available in the following forms:■ yarns, including untwisted forming cakes■ rovings■ chopped fibers, and■ ZenTron,® which is a single-end

S-2 Glass roving.S-2 Glass fiber is a new generation of

fiber that, compared to conventional glassfiber, provides enhanced fiber propertiesand greater finished part performance.

Compared to aramid and carbon fiber,S-2 Glass fiber offers enhanced highperformance properties at a lower cost.And the catenary-free, single-end roving

S-2 Glass Fiber■ Analytical and Physical Testing

■ Data Resources

■ Established Relations

construction of ZenTron fiber translatesinto more efficient processing for compositesthat are pultruded, filament wound or moldedfrom fabrics and braids. (For additionalinformation on ZenTron fiber contact yourAGY representative.) S-2 Glass fiber has been selected andqualified over other fibers for demandingapplications that range from firefighters’air bottles, helicopter blades, wind surfersand running shoes to catalytic filters, aircraftflooring, shipboard armor and Space Shuttlebooster rockets.

S-2 Glass fiber is certifiable and meetsmilitary specifications MIL-R-60346, Type IVfor rovings and MIL-Y-1140H for yarns. Itis produced in accordance with the highstandards that are part of AGY.

Enhanced Properties toMeet Expanding Demands

What can S-2 Glass fiber do for you?

Compare our material’s attributes with yourperformance requirements and cost targets.

If you have an application which needsthe enhanced properties of S-2 Glass fiber,your AGY sales representative – backed byAGY’s technical resources – is just a phonecall away, and ready to help.

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E-Glass S-2 Glass Fiber

K-49 Aramid

AS4 Carbon

750

250

500

0Te

nsile

Str

engt

h (K

si)

ASTM D2343

5,171

3,448

1,724

0

Tens

ile S

tren

gth

(MP

a)

Impregnated Strand Tensile Strength

S-2 Glass FiberEnhanced Strength

The tensile strength ofS-2 Glass fiber providesimproved performancefor finished parts. Compared to

conventional glass fiber, S-2 Glass fiberoffers significantly more strength: 85% moretensile strength in resin-impregnated strands.This means it efficiently translates intoimproved strength for fabrics, prepregsand laminates.

Filament wound structures, such asrocket motor casings, F-18 fuel tanks andcommercial pressure vessels, provideexcellent examples. Military and commercialtesting standards for aircraft fuel tanks andfirefighters’ air bottles are extremely rigorous.

They require performance after ballisticimpact, intense fire and repeated pressurecycling. S-2 Glass fiber helps meet thoserugged standards at minimum weight.

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80

60

40

20

0

(x108 in-lbf/ lb/sec)


K-49 Aramid

AS4 Carbon

ASTM 2343

Fiber Impact Deformation Capability

S-2 Glass FiberEnhanced Impact Resistance

Compared to conventionalglass fiber, S-2 Glass

fiber offers better fibertoughness, modulus ofresilience, and impact

deformation – characteristics that efficientlytranslate improved impact capabilities tofinished parts.

Perhaps the ultimate test for impactresistance is in ballistic protection systems.S-2 Glass fiber properties provide maximumprotection at minimum weight and cost.Owens Corning developed, in closecooperation with the U.S. Military, patentedS-2 Glass armor systems. Ballisticallyrated against numerous threats, S-2 Glass

armor technology, now supported by AGY,is being used to protect crews on land,sea and in the air.

One example is the U.S. Navy’s (LHD)“WASP” Class Amphibious Ships, which relyon S-2 Glass armor for deckhouse ballisticprotection. The combination of ballisticprotection and structural load-bearing

capability inherent in S-2 Glass armorsystems make them ideal for blast mitigationand other structurally demanding ballisticapplications. And, because it can providea 25-33% reduction in weight compared toaluminum with no loss in ballistic protectionor structural performance, S-2 Glass fiberhas been consistently selected for usein all-composite combat vehicle hulldemonstration programs.

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15

40

35

30

20


K-49 Aramid

AS4 Carbon

10

5

25

0

Tens

ile M

odul

us (

Msi

)

ASTM D2101

103

276

241

207

138

69

34

172

0

Tens

ile M

odul

us (

GP

a)

S-2 Glass FiberEnhanced Stiffness

S-2 Glass fiber delivers 25% more stiffnessthan conventional glass fiber.

The increased stiffness, coupled withenhanced impact resistance, makesS-2 Glass fiber an ideal choice for aircraftflooring applications. Aircraft floors mustspan supports, take concentrated foot androller cart traffic, resist fire, corrosion andmoisture – all within specific cost targets.

As a result, the S-2 Glass fiber skinnedpanels are specified in most of today’scommercial aircraft.

Fiber Tensile Modulus

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S-2 Glass FiberEnhanced TemperatureResistance

S-2 Glass fiber retains greater fiber tensilestrength at elevated temperatures thanconventional glass fiber, and it performsat up to 760°C (1400°F).

For example, Ford engineers chosegaskets made from S-2 Glass fiber for theirpassenger car and light truck catalyticconverters. The quality fit of the gasketspermits less use of costly precious metals.S-2 Glass fiber’s enhanced temperatureresistance enables the converter gasketsto perform at the elevated operatingtemperatures created by today’s smallerengines and their hotter exhaust gases.ZenTron roving has been specified forsimilar reasons by Owens Corning for theSilentex™ muffler system now used on mostToyota cars.

The burn-through resistance achieved byS-2 Glass fiber, combined with its enhancedstiffness and its impact resistance enables itto pass the FAA NPRM84-11 test. Amongothers, Boeing utilizes S-2 Glass fibercomposite cargo liners.

Enhanced temperature resistanceis a critical factor in high performancethermoplastics. AGY has responded tothe needs of this market by developingS-2 Glass fiber with a size chemistry(933) that enables the fiber to be usedin higher temperature thermosets

(cyanate esters, bismaleimides, phenolics)and thermoplastics (polyimides, PEEK,PEI and LCP). It is particularly well suitedfor applications where requirementsinclude high strength, structural damagetolerance, dielectric transparency, galvaniccorrosion resistance and zero moistureabsorption.

The enhanced temperature capabilitiesof S-2 Glass fiber also allow it to be usedas a reinforcement of certain high-temperature ceramic materials such asthose used in ceramic cooker hobs.

Fiber Tensile Strength vs. Temperature

7


0

0

Temperature

Tensile test performed at room temperature

1000

1200

1400

800

400

200

600

Tens

ile S

tren

gth

(Ksi

)

0

ASTM D2101

-400 -200 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 (°F)

E-GlassS-2 Glass FiberK-49 AramidAS4 Carbon

-240 -129 93 204 316 427 538 649 760

Tens

ile S

tren

gth

(MP

a)

6,895

8,274

9,653

5,516

2,758

1,379

3,537

(°C)-17.8

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0

Cycles to Failure

Max

imum

Str

ess

(Ksi

)

1.0E+02 1.0E+03 1.0E+071.0E+061.0E+051.0E+04

40

80

20

60

120

140

100

Applied maximum fatigue stressand fatigue life of materials

0

276

552

138

414

827

965

690

Max

imum

Str

ess

(MP

a)

180

200

160

827

965

690

220 965

E-GlassS-2 Glass Fiber4130 Steel7075 Aluminum

Unidirectional Tension – Tension Fatigue

S-2 Glass FiberEnhanced Fatigue Resistance

S-2 Glass fiber-reinforced compositescombine stiffness,strength, impactresistance and

temperature resistance with a high levelof fatigue resistance (a measurement basedon tolerance to damage accumulation).

Because of this, S-2 Glass fibercomposites are the material system ofchoice for helicopter blades and rotorassemblies.

Major helicopter manufacturers,such as Bell and Sikorsky, continueto favor S-2 Glass fiber overmetals in their rotor systems.Why? Because composite rotorsand assemblies can withstand

high levels of tension and flexural fatigue, anda major ballistic impact without catastrophicfailure. And composite systems regularlydemonstrate a longer hour life, typicallyby a factor of two or three over metals.

S-2 Glass used as a reinforcementof rubber timing belts also demonstratessignificant advantages in fatigueperformance over metal chains, especiallyin the hot/wet and corrosive environmentfound inside automobile engines.

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7

4

6

2

0

5

3

1


ASTM D150

6.1

5.2

S-2 Glass FiberEnhanced Radar Transparency

S-2 Glass fiber-reinforced compositesoffer electronictransparency. Comparedto conventional glassfiber, S-2 Glass fiber

delivers a 20% lower dielectric constant.This improved transparency – coupled

with its inherent stiffness, strength, impactresistance, temperature resistance andfatigue resistance – makes S-2 Glass fibera frequent choice for radome applications.The superior mechanical performanceallows thinner structures which furtherenhance transparency. In fact, S-2 Glass

fiber contributed greatly to the radomeperformance of the Boeing AWACS.

Fiber Dielectric Constant at 10 GHz

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S-2 Glass Fiber Products

Product Product Available Resin Fabrication SpecificationForm Number TEX (Yields) Compatibility Process Number

Roving 365 1980, 660, 400 (250, 750, 1250) Polyester, Vinyl Ester MIL-R-60346C

Roving 449 1980, 660, 400 (250, 750, 1250) Epoxy

Roving 463 1980, 660, 400 (250, 750, 1250) Epoxy

Roving 933 330, 660 (375, 750) High temperature thermo-sets (epoxy, BMI, phenolic,cyanate ester), Thermoplastics(PEEK, PEI, BMI, LCP, etc.)

Single-end 721B 660 (750) Epoxyroving

Yarn 493 33, 66 (G150 & G75) Epoxy, Polyester MIL-Y-1140H

Yarn 602 66 (G75) Must be coronizedand treated forresin compatibility

Yarn 636 11 (D450) Must be coronized33 (G150) and treated for66 (G75 & DE75) resin compatibility

Yarn 933 66 (G75) High temperature thermosets(epoxy, BMI, phenolic,cyanate ester), Thermoplastics(PEEK, PEI, BMI, LCP, etc.)

Yarn 762 22, 33 (E225 & G150) Chlorphene and RFL Rubber Rubber reinforcement(forming cake)

Chopped 401 6.4 mm (1/4") N/A Ceramic and polymer reinforcement

Pricing information, product data sheets, Customer Acceptance Standards, customer sources and otherapplication-specific information can be obtained from your AGY sales representative.

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S-2 Glass FiberEnhanced Cost Advantage

Compared to aramid and carbonfibers, S-2 Glass fiber is often aslittle as half the cost. Withoutjeopardizing performance,

engineers are creating more cost consciousdesigns to meet the increasingly competitivedemands of world markets.

Availability

High performance S-2 Glass fiber is availablein the form of rovings, yarns, chopped fibersand as the single-end roving ZenTron fiber,directly from AGY.

It is also available from our customersas fabric, braid or hybrid, as well as prepreg(such as unidirectional, roving, tape andfabric) or co-mingled with other fibers.

Hybridization Further Enhances Your Cost

Performance Advantage

High cost fibers – such as carbon, aramid,boron and ceramic – all demonstrate highstrength and stiffness. However,many applications require a morebalanced set of fiber propertiesor have lower cost targets.Hybridization (e.g., S-2 Glass

fiber/carbon composites)combines materials in sucha way that they deliver a desiredmix of properties. Various studieshave shown significant improvement inimpact resistance and damage toleranceof carbon/epoxy laminates with hybridconstructions of 25% S-2 Glass fiber and75% carbon fiber (wt./wt.). Hybridizationwith S-2 Glass fiber also allows a significantreduction of material costs.

Filament winding,weaving, prepregging,pultrusion,compression andvacuum molding,texturization.

Weaving, braiding,knitting, texturizingand cording.


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(x108 in-lbf/lb/sec)80

60

40

20

0

Fiber Specific Strain Energy x Wave Speed

E-Glass S-2 GlassFiber

K-29 Aramid

K-49 Aramid

AS4 Carbon

14

12

10

6

4

2

0

8

(x103 in-lbf/in3)

Strain Energy by Volume


K-49 Aramid

AS4 Carbon

Tensile Stress-Strain

Enhancing Your Knowledgeof S-2 Glass Fiber

S-2 Glass Fiber Comparison Data

(Source: AGY Technical Center Database)

The following charts demonstrate how theenhanced capabilities of S-2 Glass fiber mayprovide positive trade-off answers to meetyour application requirements.

Fiber Stress – Strain Fiber Toughness

Fiber Impact Deformation

11


Strain (%)

400

600

800

200

-200

-400

0

Compression

Tension

-4 -2 0 2 4 6-3 -1 1 3 5

Str

ess

(Ksi

)


Str

ess

(MP

a)

2,758

4,137

5,516

1,379

-1,379

-2,758

0

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% O

xyge

n In

dex

100

80

60

40

20

0

Does not burn

ASTM D2863

Self-extinguish limitin air at 1 ATM oxygen index is 27%

E-Glass S-2 GlassFiber

K-49Aramid

AS4 Carbon

4.0

6.0

8.0

2.0

-2.0

-4.0

0.0

Coe

f The

rmal

Exp

ansi

on (

x10-6

K-1

)

-6.0

ASTM D696

0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8

UDEpoxy Resin

Fiber Volume Fraction


0

0

Temperature

Tensile test performed at room temperature

1000

1200

1400

800

400

200

600

Tens

ile S

tren

gth

(Ksi

)

0

ASTM D2101

-400 -200 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 (°F)


-240 -129 93 204 316 427 538 649 760

Tens

ile S

tren

gth

(MP

a)

6,895

8,274

9,653

5,516

2,758

1,379

3,537

(°C)-17.8

Fiber Tensile Strength After Exposure at Temperature Flame Resistance

Goodman Diagram of S-2 Glass/Epoxy Fatigue

vs. Various Materials

12

Dimensional Stability


120

100

Mean Stress (Ksi)

80

60

40

20

0

0-250 -150

Cyc

lic S

tres

s A

mpl

itud

e (K

si)

-200 -100 -50 50 100 150 200 250 300

Carbon at 107 cyclesS-2 Glass at 107 cycles 4340 Steel at 107 cycles7075-T8 Al. at 107 cycles

827

690

552

414

276

138

0

Cyc

lic S

tres

s A

mpl

itud

e (M

Pa)

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Fiber Weight Retention vs. pH ExposureFiber Strength vs. pH Exposure

Unidirectional Tension – Tension (R=0.05) Applied Maximum

Fatigue Stress and Fatigue Life of Epoxy Composites

13


600

700

800

500

pH Buffer (24 hour at 96°C (205°F) Exposure)

400

300

200

100

0

1 50 2 4 6

Tens

ile S

tren

gth

(Ksi

)

8 10 123 7 9 11

S-2 Glass FiberE-Glass

4,137

4,827

5,516

3,448

2,758

2,069

1,379

690

0

Tens

ile S

tren

gth

(MP

a)

5 6

100

90

pH Buffer (24 hour at 96°C (205°F) Exposure)

80

70

60

50

40

0 3

Wei

ght R

eten

tion

(%

)

1 4 7 8 9 10 11 12

S-2 Glass FiberE-Glass

2

200

240

Cycles to Failure ASTM D3479

Max

imum

Str

ess

(Ksi

)

1.0E+02 1.0E+03 1.0E+071.0E+061.0E+051.0E+04

40

80

20

60

160

120

140

100

180

220

E-GlassS-2 Glass FiberK- 49 AramidAS4 Carbon

0

1,379

1,655

276

552

138

414

1,103

827

965

670

1,241

1,517

Max

imum

Str

ess

(MP

a)

0

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3.75

4.00

10 GHz

4.75

3.25

3.50

4.25

4.50

3.00

0.2 0.50.40.3 0.6 0.7 0.8

ASTM D150

Die

lect

ric

Con

stan

t

5.50


Epoxy Resin

5.00

5.25

E-GlassS-2 Glass FiberK- 49 Aramid

Dielectric Transparency

Dielectric Transparency Under Hot/Wet

Saturated Conditions

14


3.75

4.00

10 GHz

4.75

3.25

3.50

4.25

4.50

3.00

0.2 0.50.40.3 0.6 0.7 0.8

ASTM D150

Die

lect

ric

Con

stan

t

5.00


Epoxy Resin

E-GlassS-2 Glass FiberK-49 Aramid

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Typical Fiber Properties

Property (test standard) S-2 Glass Fiber* E-Glass K-49 Aramid AS4 Carbon

Physical gm/cm3 lb/in3 gm/cm3 lb/in3 gm/cm3 lb/in3 gm/cm3 lb/in3

Density (ASTM-C693) 2.46 – 2.49 0.089 – 0.090 2.55 – 2.58 0.092 – 0.093 1.44 0.052 1.8 0.065Hardness (Moh’s scale) 6.5 6.5 N/A N/A

Mechanical –

Impregnated Strand MPa Ksi MPa Ksi MPa Ksi MPa Ksi

Tensile strength (ASTM D2343)at 22ºC (72ºF) 3660 – 4280 530 – 620 1860 – 2690 270 – 390 2900 – 3620 420 – 525 3100 – 3790 450 – 550

Creep, % of initial strain(ASTM D2990)at 50% of strength, 10,000 hrs 0 – 3% 0 – 5% 10 – 30% 0 – 2%

Mechanical – Single Filament MPa Ksi MPa Ksi N/A N/A

Tensile strength (ASTM D2101)at -190ºC (-310ºF) 8270 1200 5310 770at 22ºC (72ºF) 4590 – 4830 665 – 700 3450 – 3790 500 – 550at 371ºC (700ºF) 3760 545 2620 380at 538ºC (1000ºF) 2410 350 1720 250

GPa Msi GPa Msi GPa Msi GPa Msi

Tensile Modulusof elasticity (ASTM D2101)at 22ºC (72ºF) 86 – 90 12.5 – 13 69 – 72 10 – 10.5 124 – 131 18 – 19 221 – 234 32 – 34at 538ºC (1000ºF) 89 12.9 81 11.8

Strain to failure (ASTM D2101) 5.4 – 5.8% 4.5 – 4.9% 2.5 – 2.9% 1.5 – 1.6%

MPa Ksi MPa Ksi MPa Ksi MPa Ksi

Toughness (ASTM D2101) 83 – 90 12 – 13 62 – 69 9 – 10 48 – 55 7 – 8 35 – 41 5 – 6

Moisture Regain (ASTM D1909) 0% 0% 3.5% 0%

Optical

Refractive index,589.3 nm (oil immersion) 1.520 – 1.525 1.547 – 1.562 1.6 – 2.0 N/A

* Annealed Bulk Glass Properties by Sonic Resonance at 20ºC (68°F) for S-2 Glass fiber.

Young’s Modulus 13.6 Msi Poisson’s Ratio 0.23Shear Modulus 5.53 Msi Bulk Density 2.488 gm/cm3

15


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Typical Fiber Properties

Property (test standard) S-2 Glass Fiber** E-Glass** K-49 Aramid AS4 Carbon

Thermal cm/cm•°C in/in•°F cm/cm•°C in/in•°F cm/cm•°C* in/in•°F* cm/cm•°C* in/in•°F*

Linear expansioncoefficient (ASTM D696) 1.6 χ 10-6 0.9 χ 10-6 5.4 χ 10-6 3 χ 10-6 -4.3 χ 10-6 -2.4 χ 10-6 -1.1 χ 10-6 -0.6 χ 10-6

(at -30ºC (at -20ºF (at -30ºC (at -20ºF 41 χ 10-6 23 χ 10-6 17 χ 10-6 9.3 χ 10-6

to 250ºC) to 480ºF) to 250ºC) to 480ºF) (at 26ºC (at 78ºFto 130ºC ) to 266ºF)

Watts/ Btu-in/ Watts/ Btu-in/ Watts/ Btu-in/ Watts/ Btu-in/

m•K hr•ft2 °F m•K hr•ft2 °F m•K* hr•ft2 °F* m•K* hr•ft2 °F*

Conductivity, k (ASTM C177) 1.1 – 1.4 8 – 10 1 – 1.3 7 – 9 0.04 – 1.4 0.3 – 10 71 – 100 50 – 70

kJ/kg•K Btu/lb °F kJ/kg•K Btu/lb °F kJ/kg•K Btu/lb °F kJ/kg•K Btu/lb °F

Specific heatat 22ºC (72ºF) 0.737 0.176 0.807 0.193 1.38 0.33 0.711 0.17at 200ºC (392ºF) 0.820 0.196 1.030 0.247 2.63 0.63 1.210 0.29

Softening point (ASTM C338) 1056ºC 1932ºF 846ºC 1555ºF (Oxidation above (Oxidation above

Annealing point (ASTM C336) 816ºC 1500ºF 657ºC 1215ºF 150ºC, 300ºF) 350ºC, 660ºF)

Strain point (ASTM C336) 766ºC 1410ºF 616ºC 1140ºF

Flame resistanceOxygen Index (ASTM D2863) 100% 100% 29% 60%

Electrical

Dielectric constant(ASTM D150)at 22ºC (72º F)1 MHz 5.3 6.6 4 Conductive10 GHz 5.2 6.1 3.9

Dissipation factor (ASTM D150)at 22ºC(72ºF)1 MHz 0.002 0.003 0.014 Conductive10 GHz 0.007 0.004 0.010

Volume resistivity (ASTM D257)at 22ºC (72ºF)500VDC, Ohm•cm 0.905 χ 1013 0.402 χ 1015 0.5 χ 1012 0.153 χ 10-4

Surface resistivity (ASTM D257)at 22ºC (72ºF)500VDC, Ohm 0.886 χ 1013 0.42 χ 1016 1012 – 1014 0.1 χ 10-4

kV/cm Volts/mil kV/cm Volts/mil

Dielectric strengthvolts/mil at 190 mil thick 130 330 103 262 N/A N/A

Acoustical m/sec ft/sec m/sec ft/sec m/sec ft/sec m/sec ft/sec

Velocity of sound 5850 19200 5480 18000 2740 9000 5940 19500

*Axial and lateral property respectively due to crystalline orientation.**Bulk glass properties considered to be applicable to fiber.

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List of References for BrochureTables/Graphs

■ DuPont Data Manual for Kevlar® 49 aramid■ Hercules Magnamite® product data sheets■ “Engineered Materials Handbook,” Volume 1, ASM International, 1987■ CRC Handbook Applied Engineering Science, 2nd Edition, ed. R.E. Bolz and G.L. Tuve■ Polymer Stabilization, ed. W.L. Hawkins, Wiley-Interscience, 1972■ C.J. Hu, “X-Band Microwave Properties of Kevlar® Composites,” SIU Report, 1987■ Fatigue of Filamentary Composite Materials, ed. K.L. Reifsnider and K.N. Lauraitis,

ASTM STP 636, 1976■ B. Harris, et. al., “Fatigue Behavior of Hybrid Composites: Part 1 and 2,” Journal of

Materials Science 23-24, 1988-89■ Military Handbook 17A, Part 1. Reinforced Plastics■ AGY Science & Technology Database

S-2 Glass Fiber UnidirectionalComposite Properties

Property ASTM Epoxy BMIStandard

Elastic Constants (22°C/75°F) GPa Msi GPa Msi

Longitudinal modulus, EL D3039 53 – 59 7.7 – 8.5 59 – 70 8.6 – 10.1Transverse modulus, ET D3039 16 – 20 2.3 – 2.9 17 – 21 2.5 – 3.11Axial Shear modulus, GLT D3518 6 – 9 0.9 – 1.3 11 – 21 1.6 – 3.1.Poisson’s ratio, ULT D3039 0.26 – 0.28 0.27 – 0.31.

Strength Properties MPa Ksi MPa Ksi

Longitudinal tension, FtuL D3039 1540 – 2000 230 – 290 1930 – 2200 280 – 320Longitudinal compression, FcuL D3410 1690 – 1240 100 – 180 1240 – 1516 180 – 220Transverse tension, Ftu

T D3039 41 – 82 .6 –12 62 – 96 . 9 – 14Transverse compression, Fcu

T D3410 110 – 200 16 – 29 138 – 207 20 – 30In-plane shear, Fsu

LT D3518 162 – 165 ..9 – 24 124 – 221 18 – 32Interlaminar shear Fisu D2344 155 – 103 ..8 – 15 . 69 – 124 10 – 18Longitudinal flexural D790 1240 – 1720 180 – 250Longitudinal bearing D953 464 – 552 68 – 80

Ultimate Strain

Longitudinal tension, ŒtuL D3039 ..2.7 – 3.5% . .3.2 – 3.6%

Longitudinal compression, ŒcuL D3410 ..1.1 – 1.8% . .1.7 – 2.5%

Transverse tension, ŒtuT D3039 ...0.25 – 0.50% . .0.4 – 0.6%

Transverse compression, ŒcuT D3410 1.1 – 2% . .1.5 – 2.2%

In-plane shear gsuLT D3518 ..1.6 – 2.5% ... ..2 – 2.5%

Physical Properties

Fiber volume (%) D2734 57 – 63 59 – 65Density g/cm3 (lb/in3) D792 1.96 – 2.02 (0.071 – 0.073) (0.070 – 0.073)

17


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Our Commitment to You

By taking a systems’ approach to ourcustomers’ difficult challenges, your AGYsales representative, backed by thecorporation’s state-of-the-art technicalresources, can provide responsive supportfor your application requirements. Morethan 50 years of product, process andmarket knowledge are focused on aglobal commitment to customer service.


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Disclaimer of LiabilityThis data is offered solely as a guide in the selection of areinforcement. The information contained in this publicationis based on actual laboratory data and field test experience.We believe this information to be reliable, but do not guaranteeits applicability to the user's process or assume any liabilityarising out of its use or performance . The user, by acceptingthe products described herein, agrees to be responsible forthoroughly testing any application to determine its suitabilitybefore committing to production. It is important for the userto determine the properties of its own commercialcompounds when using this or any other reinforcement.

BECAUSE OF NUMEROUS FACTORS AFFECTING RESULTS,WE MAKE NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS ORIMPLIED, INCLUDING THOSE OF MERCHANTABILITY ANDFITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. STATEMENTS INTHIS DATA SHEET, SHALL NOT BE CONSTRUED ASREPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OR AS INDUCEMENTSTO INFRINGE ANY PATENT OR VIOLATE ANY LAW, SAFETYCODE OR INSURANCE REGULATION.

Silentex™ is a trademark of Owens Corning.

S-2 Glass® and ZenTron® are registered trademarks of AGY.

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Pub. No. LIT-2004-341 (03/04) Printed in USA, March 2004 Copyright © 2004 AGY

WORLD HEADQUARTERS/AMERICASAGY2558 WAGENER ROADAIKEN, SOUTH CAROLINA, USA 29801PHONE: +1.888.434.0945

+1.803.643.1501FAX: +1.803.643.1180

EUROPEAN OFFICEAGY – EUROPE163 BOULEVARD DES ETATS UNIS69008 LYON, FRANCEPHONE: +33.4.72.78.1777FAX: +33.4.72.78.1780

For more information, visit our Web site at www.agy.com

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Advanced_Materials - S-2 Glass - Agy

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