Advanced Vibration Analysis

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2012 VIBES Corp Page

Learn About Vibration

Volume 2: Advanced Vibration Analysis

As a licensed BC distributor for DLI Engineering Inc. for several years in the past VIBES Corp is pleased to share

some of the knowledge that was part of our upgrading courses.

VIBES Corp uses DLI Engineering vibration data collectors and software to solve vibration problems in our

everyday service work.

This article contains sections of the Training Manual titled:

VIBRATION and the SPECTRUMand also a

VIBRATION Reference Guide

The following information is meant for sharing knowledge in the science and technology to help the reader

understand advanced vibration analysis technology and the reports submitted by any vibration specialists.

Presented by: Garrett Sandwell, MET, CVA

VIBES Corp President / GM

January 2011


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2012 VIBES Corp Page 2

Introduction to VIBES Corp

Why work with us?VIBES Corp's reputation was built and established on thousands of promises fulfilled over 30 years in businessacross Canada. Superior quality service, sales and training courses provided on the intelligent specialist levelhas been the standard and always will be since our vibration and balancing business was formed in Calgary, AB,in 1982. In the final real-time analysis VIBES Corp will deliver more value and peace of mind.

What do we do?Factory trained and specialists on HVAC, fans, blowers, cooling towers, compressors, pumps, motors, industrial

rotors.

FlaktWoods Varofoils and Aerofoils, Sheldons Axico, Aerovent, Novenco, New York Blower, Chicago Blower,Canadian/Buffalo Blower, CML Northern Blower, Joy Axivane, Twin City, Alphair, Allied Blower, MarkhotVarivane, Loren Cook, BAC, Evapco, Marley, Hudson, Hoffman, Spencer, Baldor, Reliance, Trane, Carrier,Eng.Air, Haakon, Tri-Metal, Pace, WEG, Leeson, GEC, GE, Emerson, Westinghouse, Toshiba, Siemens, Delhi,Penn, Acme, Armstrong Pumps, Bell & Gossett Pumps, Misc. Pumps and most other types of rotating machinery

What do we sell?(Note: We can not produce a catalogue large enough to show all products so please see our home page atwww.vibescorp.cafor info on specific items)

magnetic adjustable speed drives and soft starts FLUXDRIVE Magnetic ASD couplings and sheaves

factory or OEM replacementfans,motors,custom rotor parts - new and re-manufacture

vibration measurement, monitoring, electronic stethoscope meters and protection instruments-Balmacvibration transmitters and sensors,Balmac meters,Balmac switches,Murphy switches,SPM

machinery vibration isolation products -Lo-Rez,misc.

magnetic adjustable speed drives, sheaves, soft starts & couplings

specialty lubrication and synthetic bearing grease -MetalonandKluber

hand held measurement instruments and tools- Flir, TES, Easy-Laser, Accutrak, Hedland, Shimpo,

NovaStrobe, Raytek, Dwyer, Extech, Reed, Airboxx, Bacharach, Check-line, Leica, Phase 2, Prova, Beta,misc.

specialty seals -Inpro-Seal

The machinery under our professional PdM programs = ACCU-GUARD PdM Programs (TM) are treated as if ourown. We use proven technologies and methodologies along with our multi-technical and electro-mechanical(VIV, VPM, CPM, VFD, EIBD, etc.) training, skills, and experiences for total overall analysis and evaluations.When the total analyzed facts about a machine, motor or engine are known we formulate a true condition reportand recommend the best possible solutions. We work with clients to organize necessary actions in order of

urgency or budgets.
http://www.vibescorp.ca/http://www.vibescorp.ca/http://www.vibescorp.ca/fluxdrive/http://www.vibescorp.ca/fluxdrive/http://www.vibescorp.ca/fluxdrive/http://www.vibescorp.ca/industrial-fans/http://www.vibescorp.ca/industrial-fans/http://www.vibescorp.ca/industrial-fans/http://www.vibescorp.ca/ac-dc-industrial-motors/baldor-reliance/http://www.vibescorp.ca/ac-dc-industrial-motors/baldor-reliance/http://www.vibescorp.ca/ac-dc-industrial-motors/baldor-reliance/http://www.vibescorp.ca/testing-instruments-and-tools/http://www.vibescorp.ca/testing-instruments-and-tools/http://www.vibescorp.ca/vibration-transmitters-and-sensors/balmac/http://www.vibescorp.ca/vibration-transmitters-and-sensors/balmac/http://www.vibescorp.ca/vibration-transmitters-and-sensors/balmac/http://www.vibescorp.ca/vibration-transmitters-and-sensors/balmac/http://www.vibescorp.ca/vibration-meters/balmac/http://www.vibescorp.ca/vibration-meters/balmac/http://www.vibescorp.ca/vibration-meters/balmac/http://www.vibescorp.ca/vibration-switches/balmac/http://www.vibescorp.ca/vibration-switches/balmac/http://www.vibescorp.ca/vibration-switches/balmac/http://www.vibescorp.ca/vibration-switches/murphy/http://www.vibescorp.ca/vibration-switches/murphy/http://www.vibescorp.ca/vibration-switches/murphy/http://www.vibescorp.ca/lo-rez/http://www.vibescorp.ca/lo-rez/http://www.vibescorp.ca/lo-rez/http://www.vibescorp.ca/fluxdrive/http://www.vibescorp.ca/fluxdrive/http://www.vibescorp.ca/lubrication-and-grease/metalon/http://www.vibescorp.ca/lubrication-and-grease/metalon/http://www.vibescorp.ca/lubrication-and-grease/metalon/http://www.vibescorp.ca/lubrication-and-grease/kluber/http://www.vibescorp.ca/lubrication-and-grease/kluber/http://www.vibescorp.ca/lubrication-and-grease/kluber/http://www.vibescorp.ca/testing-instruments-and-tools/http://www.vibescorp.ca/testing-instruments-and-tools/http://www.vibescorp.ca/inpro-seal/http://www.vibescorp.ca/inpro-seal/http://www.vibescorp.ca/inpro-seal/http://www.vibescorp.ca/inpro-seal/http://www.vibescorp.ca/testing-instruments-and-tools/http://www.vibescorp.ca/lubrication-and-grease/kluber/http://www.vibescorp.ca/lubrication-and-grease/metalon/http://www.vibescorp.ca/fluxdrive/http://www.vibescorp.ca/lo-rez/http://www.vibescorp.ca/vibration-switches/murphy/http://www.vibescorp.ca/vibration-switches/balmac/http://www.vibescorp.ca/vibration-meters/balmac/http://www.vibescorp.ca/vibration-transmitters-and-sensors/balmac/http://www.vibescorp.ca/vibration-transmitters-and-sensors/balmac/http://www.vibescorp.ca/testing-instruments-and-tools/http://www.vibescorp.ca/ac-dc-industrial-motors/baldor-reliance/http://www.vibescorp.ca/industrial-fans/http://www.vibescorp.ca/fluxdrive/http://www.vibescorp.ca/


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Where do we work?Our service area is mainly Southern BC mainland and the Vancouver Island. As requested we can service otherareas in Western Canada. Sales territories are Canada and USA depending on the products.

Who have we worked with?VIBES Corp service capabilities have been used and accepted by high-ranking officials in:

other servicecompanies

manufacturing andprocessing

engineering firms

universities colleges

hospitals

governmentagencies

oil and gas

transportation and

construction commercial towers

agricultural

mining

ski hills

marine

aircraft

lumber

pulp and paper

research anddevelopment

test equipment and

military from

Ontario to BritishColumbia

We take due diligence to the highest level on all projects regardless of size or budget.

Do we offer training?Yes. In the sales department VIBES Corp represents and offers training courses in technologies and qualityproducts that we use, are industry-trusted and relate to improved machinery, engine, electric motors health andperformance, energy savings and preventative maintenance. Examples:

Vibration Monitoring & Trending

Laser Shaft Alignment

Fan & Motor Maintenance Training

Bearing Maintenance & Precision Installation

Accu-Guard PdM Program (TM)

Dynamic Balancing Agricultural Machinery ON-SITE

Learn moreYou can download all catalogues and educational articles from our home page atwww.vibescorp.ca.Here arethree recent articles:

Learn About Vibration, Volume 1: Basic Understanding of Machinery Vibrationatwww.vibescorp.ca/lav1

Electrically Induced Bearing Damage ("EIBD") / Shaft Currentsatwww.vibescorp.ca/eibd

Failure Prevention of Variable Pitch in Motion Axial Fansathttp://www.vibescorp.ca/af

Please review our full range of services, sales and training courses information on our website atwww.vibescorp.ca.Wed be please to provide additional detailed project references and user lists on request.

Contact usWe look forward to your calls or emails at all times and offer 24/7 emergency service.

Yours in Serious Service,

Garrett Sandwell, MET, CVA
http://www.vibescorp.ca/http://www.vibescorp.ca/http://www.vibescorp.ca/http://www.vibescorp.ca/lav1http://www.vibescorp.ca/lav1http://www.vibescorp.ca/lav1http://www.vibescorp.ca/lav1http://www.vibescorp.ca/lav1http://www.vibescorp.ca/eibdhttp://www.vibescorp.ca/eibdhttp://www.vibescorp.ca/eibdhttp://www.vibescorp.ca/eibdhttp://www.vibescorp.ca/eibdhttp://www.vibescorp.ca/afhttp://www.vibescorp.ca/afhttp://www.vibescorp.ca/afhttp://www.vibescorp.ca/afhttp://www.vibescorp.ca/afhttp://www.vibescorp.ca/http://www.vibescorp.ca/http://www.vibescorp.ca/http://www.vibescorp.ca/afhttp://www.vibescorp.ca/afhttp://www.vibescorp.ca/eibdhttp://www.vibescorp.ca/eibdhttp://www.vibescorp.ca/lav1http://www.vibescorp.ca/lav1http://www.vibescorp.ca/


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Vibration Sources Identification Guide

NOTE: There are several additional detailed articles that identify more complicated vibration sources at the Vibes Corp website titled:

1)LEARN ABOUT VIBRATION VOLUME 1: BASIC UNDERSTANDING OF MACHINERY VIBRATION athttp://www.vibescorp.ca/lav1

2)LEARN ABOUT ELECTRICALLY INDUCED BEARING DAMAGE & SHAFT CURRENTSathttp://www.vibescorp.ca/eibd

CAUSE FREQUENCY AMPLITUDE PHASE COMMENTS

Unbalance 1 x RPMHighest in RadialDirection-Proportionalto Unbalance

Single Mark(Steady)

A common cause of vibration.

Defective Anti-Friction Bearings

Very High-Often From10 to 100 x RPM

Use Velocity Unstable

Velocity readings are highest at defective bearing.

As failure approaches, the amplitude of the velocity signal wilincrease and its f requency will decrease. Cage frequency is

approximately 0.6 x RPM x number elements.

Misalignment of

Coupling or Bearing1, 2 or 3 x RPM

High Axial

Axial 50% or more ofRadial

Often 2, Sometimes

1 or 3

Use phase analysis to determine relative movement ofmachine or bearings. Use a dial indicator if possible. Often

diagnosed as a bent shaft.Can be caused by misalignment of V belts.

Sleeve Bearing 1 x RPM

Not Large

Use DisplacementMode Up to 6000 CPM

Single ReferenceMark

May appear to be unbalanced. Shaft and bearing amplitude

should be taken. If shaft vibration is larger than the bearing,vibration amplitude indicates clearance.

Bent Shaft 1 or 2 x RPM High Axial 1 or 2 Similar to misalignment. Use phase analysis.

Defective GearsHigh No. Gear Teeth xRPM

Radial Unsteady

Use velocity measurement. Often affected by misalignment.Generally accompanied by side band frequency. Pitting,

scuffing and fractures are often caused by torsionalvibrations. Frequency sometimes as high as 1 million CPM or

more.

Mechanical Looseness2 x RPMSometimes1 x RPM

Proportional toLooseness

1 or 2Check movement of mounting bolts in relation to the machinebase. Difference between base and machine indicates amounof looseness.

Defective Drive Belts 1 or 2 x Belt Speed ErraticUse Strobe to Freeze

Belt in OSC Mode

Calculate the belt RPM using:

Look for cracks, hard spots, soft spots or lumps. Loose belt.

Changes with belt tension.

Electrical

1 or 2 x LineFrequency (3600 or7200 CPM for 60Hz

Power) May appear at1 x RPM

Usually Low1 or 2 Marks

Sometimes Slipping

Looks like mechanical unbalance until power is removed.

Then drops dramatically.

Oil Whip 45 - 55% RPM Radial Unsteady Unstable

Caused by excessive clearance in sleeve bearings or by

underloaded bearings. Will change with viscosity of oil(temperature).

Hydraulic-

Aerodynamic

No. Blades or Vanes x

RPMErratic Unsteady May excite resonance problems.

Beat Frequency Near 1 x RPM Variable at Beat RateRotates at BeatFrequency

Caused by two machines, mounted on same base, running atclose to same RPM.

Resonance Specific Criticals HighSingle ReferenceMark

Phase will shift 180 going through resonance (90 atresonance). Amplitude will peak at resonance. Resonance inframe can be removed by changing rotor operating speed orby changing the stiffness of the structure.

Pulley Diameter x 3.141

Belt Lengthx Pulley RPMBelt RPM =
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