Advanced Hard andSoft Magnetic Materials

MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETYSYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS VOLUME 5 7 7

Advanced Hard andSoft Magnetic Materials

Symposium held April 5-8,1999, San Francisco, California, U.S.A.

EDITORS:

Michael Coey Josef FidlerTrinity College Vienna University of TechnologyDublin, Ireland Vienna, Austria

Laura H. Lewis Vincent G. HarrisBrookhaven National Laboratory Naval Research LaboratoryUpton, New York, U.S.A. Washington, D.C., U.S.A.

Bao~Min Ma Ryusuke HasegawaMagnequench International, Inc. AlliedSignal Inc.Anderson, Indiana, U.S.A. Morristown, New Jersey, U.S.A.

Thomas Schrefl Akihisa InoueVienna University of Technology Tohoku UniversityVienna, Austria Sendai, Japan

Ludwig Schultz Michael McHenryIFW Dresden Carnegie Mellon UniversityDresden, Germany Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.

Materials Research SocietyWarrendale, Pennsylvania

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CONTENTS

Preface xiii

Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings xiv

PARTI: PERMANENT MAGNET PROCESSING

"Hydrogenation Disproportionation Desorption RecombinationProcesses Applied to NdFeB-, SmFe- and SmCo-Type Alloys 3

O. Gutfleisch, M. Kubis, A. Handstein, K-H. Miiller, and L. Schultz

#lsotropic and Anisotropic Nd-Fe-B Magnet Developments 15V. Panchanathan

'Praseodymium and Neodymium-Based Nanocrystalline HardMagnetic Alloys 27

HA. Davies, C.L. Harland, J.I. Betancourt R., and G. Mendoza S.

Surface Coating of HDDR Processed and Mechanically AlloyedPowder Based on RE-TM 41

S. Kobe, S. Novak, PJ. McGuiness, D. Mandrino, and M. Jenko

Microstructural and Magnetic Studies of HDDR Magnets FromHigh Boron NdFeB(Zr) Alloys 47

D.N. Brown, AJ. Williams, O. Gutfleisch, M. Strangwood,and I.R. Harris

Effects of Quenching Environment on the Structure ofMelt-Spun Nd2Fe14B 57

MJ. Kramer, Y. Tang, K.W. Dennis, and R.W. McCallum

Processing Sm-Fe(Ta)-N Hard Magnetic Materials 63K. Zuzek, PJ. McGuiness, and S. Kobe

Microstructural and Magnetic Improvements in Tube-CastPr-Fe-B-Cu Alloys Via Heat Treatments and Rapid Upset Forging 69

G.P. Hatch, AJ. Williams, and I.R. Harris

High-Performance, Llght-Weight Thermoplastic/Rare EarthAlloy Magnets 75

J. Xiao and J.U. Otaigbe

PART II: INTRINSIC PROPERTIES OFPERMANENT MAGNETIC MATERIALS

'Neutron Diffraction Characterization of Permanent Magnet Phases 85W.B. Yelon

*lnvited Paper

'Magnetic Characteristics of RCo7-xZrx Alloys(R = Sm, Pr, Er, Gd, and Y) 97

M.Q. Huang, W.E. Wallace, M.E. Mctienry, S.G. Sankar,Q. Chen, and B.M. Ma

"First-Principle Studies of Permanent-Magnet Materials 109S.S. Jaswal and R.F. Sabiryanov

Electronic Structure and Magnetic Properties of NdsFe^ 121R.F. Sabiryanov and S.S. Jaswal

'Magnetic Anisotropy in Rare-Earth - Transition MetalIntermetallic Compounds 127

N.H. Luong, tt.P. Thuy, P.ti. Quang, and P.D. Thang

PART III: NANOSCALE HARD MAGNETISM I

Materials Properties and Utilization of Fe3B/Nd2Fei4B-TypeNanocomposite Permanent Magnets Based on Nd-Fe-Cr-Co-B 141

S. Hirosawa, H. Kanekiyo, and Y. Shigemoto

EMERGE—European Magnets With Enhanced Remanencefor Greater Efficiency: A New and Cost Effective MagneticMaterial for Use in Mid-Priced Applications 153

V. Archambault and D. Fere

Micromagnetics of Nanocrystalline Permanent Magnets 163T. Schrefl and J. Fidler

'Analysis of Magnetization Processes in NanocompositeHard Magnetic Materials From Macroscopic MagneticMeasurements and X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism 175

S. David, K. Mackay, M. Bonfim, S. Pizzini, A. Fontaine,and D. Givord

Residual Amorphous Phase in aFe/NdFeB NanocompositeHard Magnets 187

M. tiamano, M. Yamasaki, H. Mizuguchi, T. Kobayashi,H. Yamamoto, and A. Inoue

PART IV: NANOSCALE HARD MAGNETISM II

*Hard Magnetic Nanoparticles and Nanocomposites 197A. Giri, K. Chowdary, and SA. Majetich

*A Study on the Phase Transformation and Exchange-Couplingof (Ndo.95Lao.o5)9.5FebaiCo5Nb2Bio.5 Nanocomposites 209

Q. Chen, B.M. Ma, B. Lu, M.Q. Huang, and D.E. Laughlin

*lnvited Paper

vi

Magnetic Properties of Polymer Bonded Exchange-SpringNdFeB Magnets 221

B. Mokal, HA. Smith, AJ. Williams, and I.R. Harris

PART V: NANOSCALE HARD MAGNETISM III

Magnetization and Interactions of Single Domain Sm2Co17Particles Embedded in CaO Matrix 229

W. Liu and P.G. McCormick

Magnetic Properties of aFe/NdFeB Nanocomposite AlloysPrepared by Two-Step Rapid Solidification 235

M. Yamasaki, H. Mizuguchi, H. Morioka, M. Hamano,and A. Inoue

Magnetic Domain Observation on Melt-Spun Nd-Fe-B RibbonsUsing Magnetic Force Microscopy 241

A. Gavrin, C. Sellers, and S.H. Liou

Nd Rich Nd-Fe-B Tailored for Maximum Coercivity 247Er. Girt, K.M. Krishnan, G. Thomas, CJ. Ether, and Z. Altounian

PART VI: PERMANENT MAGNET APPLICATIONS

'Novel Permanent Magnets and Their Uses 255S. Constantinides

Applications of Rare-Earth Permanent Magnet Structuresto Electrical Machinery 265

HA. Leupold, A.S. Tilak, RJ. Marchand, and DA. Lagraffe

Small Brushless DC-Motor With Sensorless Control—A HollowShaft Prototype 271

R. Hanitsch and B. Frenzel

New Series of Sm2TM17 Magnet Materials for Applicationsat Temperatures up to 550°C 277

C.H. Chen, M.S. Walmer, M.H. Walmer, S. Liu, G.E. Kuhl,and G.K. Simon

PART VII: MICROSTRUCTURE ANDMICROMAGNETICS

'High-Performance Magnets—Microstructure and Coercivity 291J. Fidler, S. Sasaki, and E. Estevez-Rams

'Hysteresis Loops and Coercivity Mechanisms in Sinteredand Nanocrystalline Permanent Magnets 303

H. Kronmiiller, D. Goll, I. Kleinschroth, and A. Zern

*lnvited Paper

VII

Microstructural Investigation of RE3(Fe.V)29 (RE = Nd, Tb)Magnetic Materials 315

J. Bernardi, M. Noner, J. Fidler, X.F. Han, and F.M. Yang

Magnetization Reversal in Melt-Quenched NdFeB 321D.C. Crew, L.H. Lewis, P.O. McCormick, R. Street, andV. Panchanathan

Chemical Ordering and Microstructural Effects on MagneticProperties of Sm2Fe17 and Sm2Fei7Nx 327

B.E. Meacham, K.W. Dennis, R.W. McCallum, andJ.E. Shield

PART VIII: THIN FILM PERMANENT MAGNETS

"Permanent Magnetism in Exchange-Coupled Nanocomposites 335R. Skomski, J.P. Liu, and DJ. Sellmyer

A Study on High Coercivity and Ll0 Ordered Phase inCoPt and FePt Thin Films 347

RA. Ristau, K. Barmak, L.H. Lewis, K.R. Coffey, and J.K. Howard

Magnetic Exchange-Coupling in CoPt/Co Bilayer Thin Films 353J. Kim, K. Barmak, L.H. Lewis, D.C. Crew, and D.O. Welch

Epitaxial Co/NiAl Thin Film Growth on Si Substrates 359H. Gong, W. Yang, D.N. Lambeth, and D.E. Laughlin

The Influence of Microstructure on the Magnetic Properties inNanostructured CoPt Ll0 Thin Films 365

S. Jeong, M.E. McHenry, and D.E. Laughlin

PART IX: FINE PARTICLE MAGNETS

'Chemical Characterization of Magnetic Materialsat High Spatial Resolution 373

J.HJ. Scott

'Controlled Assembly of Monodisperse t-Cobalt-BasedNanocrystals 385

S. Sun, C.B. Murray, and H. Doyle

Thermal Plasma Synthesis of y-FeNx Nanoparticles as Precursorsfor the Fei6N2 Synthesis by Annealing 399

Z. Turgut, D.E. Ferguson, M.Q. Huang, W.E. Wallace, and M.E. McHenry

A Novel Apparatus for the Synthesis of Graphite EncapsulatedMetallic Nanocrystals 405

K.L. Klug, D.L. Johnson, and V.P. Dravid

*lnvited Paper

viii

The Kinetics of Formation of Nanocrystalline y-Ni-Fe DuringMechano-Chemical Synthesis 409

P. Knorr, B.S. Kim, and J.S. Lee

GMR Effect and Properties of CoAg Granular Films Formed byImplantation With a Metal Vapor Vacuum Arc Ion Source 415

S.P. Wong, M.F. Chiah, W.Y. Cheung, n. Ke, J.B. Xu, andX.X. Zhang

Interferometry of Optical Second Harmonic GenerationFrom Gd-Containing Langmuir-Blodgett Superstructures:Magneto-Induced Effects 421

E.I. Vishnevskaya, N.V. Didenko, A A. Fedyanin, G.B. Khomutov,T.V. Murzina, A A. Nikulin, and OA. Aktsipetrov

A Method for Controlled Synthesis of Anisotropic Nanoparticlesand Nanosystems 427

G.B. Khomutov, S.P. Gubin, YuA. Koksharov, V.V. Khanin,A.Yu. Obidenou, E.S. Soldatov, andA.S. Trifonov

PART X: NANOCRYSTALLINE ANTIFERRO-AND FERRIMAGNETS

"Synthesis and Characterization of Antiferromagnetic KMnF3Nanoparticles 435

C. Sangregorio, E.E. Carpenter, and C.J. O'Connor

Polymer Coated Nanoparticulate Ferrite Powders: Propertiesand Application 443

D. Vollath, D.V. Szab6, and J. Fuchs

Giant Magnetoresistance of Electrostatic Self-AssembledFe3O4 Nanocluster and Polymer Thin Films 449

Y. Liu, R.O. Claus, and F. Zhang

PART XI: ULTRASOFT NANOCRYSTALLINE ANDAMORPHOUS MATERIALS I

'Nanocrystalline Soft Magnetic Fe-M-B (M = Zr, Hf, Nb)"NANOPERM," Fe-M-O (M = Zr, Hf, Rare Earth) Alloysand Their Applications 457

A. Makino, A. Inoue, and T. Masumoto

"Magnetic Properties of HITPERM (Fe,Co)88Zr7B4CuiNanocrystalline Magnets 469

MA. Willard, M. Gingras, MJ. Lee, V.G. Harris, D.E. Laughlin,and M.E. Mctienry

#Air Force Application of Advanced Magnetic Materials 481R.T. Fingers and C.S. Rubertus

*lnvited Paper

Influence of the Alloy Composition on the Magnetic Propertiesof Nanocrystalline Fe8oM7B12Cui (M: Ti, Ta, Nb, Mo) 487

M. Kopcewicz, A. Grabias, and B. Idzikowski

Soft Magnetic Properties and Structure of NanocrystallineAlloys Based on Finemet 493

/. Todd, HA. Davies, M.RJ. Gibbs, D. Kendall and R.V. Major

Properties of Giant Magneto-Impedance Material for a NovelIntegrating Magnetic Sensor 499

J.G. Gore, GJ. Tomka, J. Milne, M.G. Maylin, P.T. Squire,and D. Atkinson

PART XII: ULTRASOFT NANOCRYSTALLINE ANDAMORPHOUS MATERIALS II

'Effect of Cu on Microstructural Evolution of NanocrystallineSoft and Hard Magnetic Materials 507

K. Hono, D.H. Ping, and S. Hirosawa

"Lorentz Microscopy and Electron Holography ofNanocrystalline Magnetic Materials 519

Marc De Graef

'Magnetic Force Microscopy Study of New NanocrystallineSoft Magnetic Ribbons 531

M.E. Hawley, G.W. Brown, DJ. Thoma, MA. Willard,D.E. Laughlin, and M.E. Mctienry

Surface Analysis of the Nanocrystalline Fe-Based Alloysby Conversion Electron Mossbauer Spectroscopy 543

A. Grabias, M. Kopcewicz, and B. Idzikowski

PART XIII: ULTRASOFT NANOCRYSTALLINE ANDAMORPHOUS MATERIALS III

Crystallization and Nanocrystallization Kinetics ofFe-Based Amorphous Alloys 551

A. Hsiao, Z. Turgut, MA. Willard, E. Selinger, D.E. Laughlin,M.E. McHenry, and K. Hasegawa

Quantitative Crystallization and Nano-Grain Size DistributionStudies of a FeCuNbSiB Nanocrystalline Alloy 557

M.S. Leu and T.S. Chin

RF-Mossbauer Study of the Compositional Dependence of ShortRange Order in Amorphous Fe-M-B-Cu Alloys 563

M. Kopcewicz, A. Grabias, and B. Idzikowski

*lnvited Paper

Influence of Nanocrystallization on the High-FrequencyMagnetoimpedance in Ultrathin Fe83CuiNb7B9Melt-Spun Ribbons 569

L. Brunetti, O. Rampado, P. Tiberto, and F. Vinai

Element-Specific Magnetization Reversal in Fe/Ce Multilayers 575M. Munzenberg, M. Arend, W. Felsch, S. Pizzini, A. Fontaine,T. Pieisius, and S. Pascarelli

PART XIV: NANOCRYSTALLINEMAGNETIC THIN FILMS

PVD Growth of fee Metal Films on Single Crystal Si and GeSubstrates 583

K.ti. Westmacott, S. Hinderberger, T. Radetic, and U. Dahmen

Crystalline Texture of CoCrPt Films on CrMn/NiAl and Cr/NiAlUnderlayer Structures 593

J. Zou, B. Lu, A.E. Bayer, D.E. Laughlin, and D.N. Lambeth

Magnetic and Structural Properties of Laser-AblatedPlanar and Cylindrical Co Thin Films 599

V. Madurga, J. Vergara, RJ. Ortega, I.P. de Landazabal,and C. Favieres

C-Axis Perpendicularly Oriented Barium Ferrite Thin Film Mediaon Silicon Substrate 605

Z. Zhuang, M.ti. Kryder, R.M. White, and D.E. Laughlin

Structure and Magnetic Properties of Fe-N Thin Films Grownby ECR Deposition 611

S. fiemeth, ti. Akinaga, ti. Boeve, H. Bender, J. de Boeck,and G. Borghs

Investigations on In Situ Nanocrystallization and MagneticProperties for Amorphous Fe78Si9Bi3 Ribbons 617

X. Sun, A. Cabral-Prieto, and M. Jose Yacaman

Author Index 623

Subject Index 627

XI

PREFACE

Many recent advances in magnetic materials have resulted from the abilityto structure the materials on an appropriate magnetic length scale. This istypically the exchange length or the domain wall width of a hard phase, but ineither case the characteristic length scale is a few nanometers. As the dimensionsof the grains in a magnetic nanostructure approach this limit, the magneticproperties become significantly different from those in the bulk. Some examplesare the following: remanence enhancement in isotropic, single-phase hardnanostructures, exchange spring behavior of nanostructures composed of hardand soft grains where the intrinsic magnetic properties such as magnetization andanisotropy are the volume-weighted averages of the two components, vanishinganisotropy in nanostructures composed of randomly-oriented soft grains andvolume-averaging of magnetostriction in nanocomposites of two soft phases. Inthese examples, nanostructured materials significantly extend the range ofavailable magnetic properties. A range of materials processing issues centers onthe need to control nucleation and crystal growth on a very small length scale.Another focus is on the nature of the grain boundaries and the exchange couplingacross them. The problems encountered here reappear when considering planarnanostructures such as multilayers or spin-polarized tunnel junctions, where thespin diffusion length is an additional length scale that has to be taken intoconsideration.

The papers in this proceedings volume were presented April 5-9 at Symposia Hand I at the 1999 MRS Spring Meeting in San Francisco, California. Symposium Hwas on "Advanced Hard Magnets—Principles, Materials, and Processing," andSymposium I was on "Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Materials for Hard and SoftMagnetic Applications." In addition, several papers on magnetic thin films fromSymposium L, "Polycrystalline Metal and Magnetic Thin Films," have been includedto give the reader an overview of recent developments in the field.

Michael CoeyLaura H. LewisBao-Min MaThomas SchreflLudwig SchultzJosef FidlerVincent Q. HarrisRyusuke HasegawaAkihisa InoueMichael McHenry

June 1999

xiii

MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS

Volume 535— III-V and IV-IV Materials and Processing Challenges for Highly IntegratedMicroelectonics and Optoelectronics, S.A. Ringel, E.A. Fitzgerald, I. Adesida,D. Houghton, 1999, ISBN: 1-55899-441-6

Volume 536— Microcrystalline and Nanocrystalline Semiconductors—1998, L.T. Canham,M.J. Sailor, K. Tanaka, C-C. Tsai, 1999, ISBN: 1-55899-442-4

Volume 537— GaN and Related Alloys, S.J. Pearton, C. Kuo, A.F. Wright, T. Uenoyama, 1999,ISBN: 1-55899-443-2

Volume 538— Multiscale Modelling of Materials, V.V. Bulatov, T. Diaz de la Rubia, R. Phillips,E. Kaxiras, N. Qhoniem, 1999, ISBN: 1-55899-444-0

Volume 539— Fracture and Ductile vs. Brittle Behavior—Theory, Modelling andExperiment, Q.E. Beltz, R.L. Blumberg Selinger, K-S. Kim, M.P. Marder, 1999,ISBN: 1-55899-445-9

Volume 540— Microstructural Processes in Irradiated Materials, S.J. Zinkle, Q.E. Lucas,R.C. Ewing, J.S. Williams, 1999, ISBN: 1-55899-446-7

Volume 541— Ferroelectric Thin Films VII, R.E. Jones, R.W. Schwartz, S.R. Summerfelt, I.K. Yoo,1999, ISBN: 1-55899-447-5

Volume 542— Solid Freeform and Additive Fabrication, D. Dimos, S.C. Danforth, M.J. Cima, 1999ISBN: 1-55899-448-3

Volume 543— Dynamics in Small Confining Systems IV, J.M. Drake, Q.S. Qrest, J. Klafter,R. Kopelman, 1999, ISBN: 1-55899-449-1

Volume 544— Plasma Deposition and Treatment of Polymers, W.W. Lee, R. d'Agostino,M.R. Wertheimer, B.D. Ratner, 1999, ISBN: 1-55899-450-5

Volume 545— Thermoelectric Materials 1998—The Next Generation Materials for Small-ScaleRefrigeration and Power Generation Applications, T.M. Tritt, M.G. Kanatzidis,G.D. Mahan, H.B. Lyon, Jr., 1999, ISBN: 1-55899-451-3

Volume 546— Materials Science of Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) Devices,A.H. Heuer, S.J. Jacobs, 1999, ISBN: 1-55899-452-1

Volume 547— Solid-State Chemistry of Inorganic Materials II, S.M. Kauzlarich,E.M. McCarron III, A.W. Sleight, H-C. zur Loye, 1999, ISBN: 1-55899-453-X

Volume 548— Solid-State Ionics V, G-A. Nazri, C. Julien, A. Rougier, 1999,ISBN: 1-55899-454-8

Volume 549— Advanced Catalytic Materials—1998, P.W. Lednor, D.A. Nagaki, L.T. Thompson,1999, ISBN: 1-55899-455-6

Volume 550— Biomedical Materials—Drug Delivery, Implants and Tissue Engineering,T. Neenan, M. Marcolongo, R.F. Valentini, 1999, ISBN: 1-55899-456-4

Volume 551— Materials in Space—Science, Technology and Exploration, A.F. Hepp,J.M. Prahl, T.G. Keith, S.G. Bailey, J.R. Fowler, 1999, ISBN: 1-55899-457-2

Volume 552— High-Temperature Ordered Intermetallic Alloys VIII, E.P. George, M.J. Mills,M. Yamaguchi, 1999, ISBN: 1-55899-458-0

Volume 553— Quasicrystals, J-M. Dubois, P.A. Thiel, A-P. Tsai, K. Urban, 1999,ISBN: 1-55899-459-9

Volume 554— Bulk Metallic Glasses, W.L. Johnson, C.T. Liu, A. Inoue, 1999,ISBN: 1-55899-460-2

Volume 555— Properties and Processing of Vapor-Deposited Coatings, R.N. Johnson,W.Y. Lee, M.A. Pickering, B.W. Sheldon, 1999, ISBN: 1-55899-461-0

Volume 556— Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XXII, D.J. Wronkiewicz,J.H. Lee, 1999, ISBN: 1-55899-462-9

Volume 557— Amorphous and Heterogeneous Silicon Thin Films: Fundamentals toDevices—1999, H.M. Branz, R.W. Collins, H. Okamoto, S. Guha, R. Schropp,1999, ISBN: 1-55899-464-5

MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS

Volume 558— Flat-Panel Displays and Sensors—Principles, Materials and Processes, F.R. Libsch,B. Chalamala, R. Friend, T. Jackson, H. Ohshima, 1999, ISBN: 1-55899-465-3

Volume 559— Liquid Crystal Materials and Devices, T.J. Bunning, S.H. Chen, L.C. Chien,S-C.A. Lien, T. Kajiyama, N. Koide, 1999, ISBN: 1-55899-466-1

Volume 560— Luminescent Materials, J. McKittrick, A. Kitai, K. Mishra, C. Ronda, B. DiBartolo,1999, ISBN: 1-55899-467-X

Volume 561— Organic Nonlinear Optical Materials and Devices, B. Kippelen, H. Lackritz,R. Claus, 1999, ISBN: 1-55899-468-8

Volume 562— Polycrystalline Metal and Magnetic Thin Films, K.P. Rodbell, D. Laughlin,O. Thomas, B. Zhang, 1999, ISBN: 1-55899-469-6

Volume 563— Materials Reliability in Microelectronics IX, C.A. Volkert, A.H. Verbruggen, D. Brown,1999, ISBN: 1-55899-470-X

Volume 564— Advanced Interconnects and Contacts, D.C. Edelstein, T. Kikkawa, M. Ozturk,K-N. Tu, E. Weitzman, 1999, ISBN: 1-55899-471-8

Volume 565— Low-Dielectric Constant Materials V, J.P. Hummel, K. Endo, W.W. Lee, M.E. Mills,S-Q. Wang, 1999, ISBN: 1-55899-472-6

Volume 566— Chemical-Mechanical Polishing—Fundamentals and Challenges, S.V. Babu,S. Danyluk, M.I. Krishnan, M. Tsujimura, 1999, ISBN: 1-55899-473-4

Volume 567— Ultrathin SiO2 and High-K Materials for ULSI Gate Dielectrics, H.R. Huff, M.L. Green,T. Hattori, G. Lucovsky, C.A. Richter, 1999, ISBN: 1-55899-474-2

Volume 568— Silicon Front-End Processing—Physics and Technology of Dopant-DefectInteractions, H-J.L. Gossmann, T.E. Haynes, M.E. Law, A.N. Larsen, S. Odanaka,1999, ISBN: 1-55899-475-0

Volume 569— In Situ Process Diagnostics and Modelling, O. Auciello, A.R. Krauss, E.A. Irene,J.A. Schultz, 1999, ISBN: 1-55899-476-9

Volume 570— Epitaxial Growth, T.P. Pearsall, A-L. Barabasi, F. Liu, G.N. Maracas, 1999,ISBN: 1-55899-477-7

Volume 571— Semiconductor Quantum Dots, D. Ila, H. Lee, S. Moss, D. Norris, 1999,ISBN: 1-55899-478-5

Volume 572— Wide-Bandgap Semiconductors for High-Power, High-Frequency andHigh-Temperature Applications—1999, S. Binari, A. Burk, M. Melloch,C. Nguyen, 1999, ISBN: 1-55899-479-3

Volume 573— Compound Semiconductor Surface Passivation and Novel Device Processing,H. Hasegawa, M. Hong, Z.H. Lu, S.J. Pearton, 1999, ISBN: 1-55899-480-7

Volume 574— Multicomponent Oxide Films for Electronics, M.E. Hawley, D.H. Blank, C-B. Eom,S.K. Streiffer, D.G. Schlom, 1999, ISBN: 1-55899-481-5

Volume 575— New Materials for Batteries and Fuel Cells, D.H. Doughty, H-P. Brack, K. Naoi,L.F. Nazar, 1999, ISBN: 1-55899-482-3

Volume 576— Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Materials II, L.C. Klein, L. Francis, M.R. DeGuire,J.E. Mark, 1999, ISBN: 1-55899-483-1

Volume 577— Advanced Hard and Soft Magnetic Materials, L.H. Lewis, J.M.D. Coey, B-M. Ma,T. Schrefl, L. Schultz, M.E. McHenry, V.G. Harris, J. Fidler, R. Hasegawa, A. Inoue,1999, ISBN: 1-55899-485-8

Prior Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings available by contacting Materials Research Society