Actual English 7 - Actual English

8/12/2019 Actual English 7 - Actual English

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A c tu a l A F U N A N O I N FO R M A T IV E W A Y T O IM P R O V E Y O U R E N G L lS H !

actua Ieng Iish. redusers.com

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Contents

38 I Business: Multitasking workersLacest technology allows peopIe ro accomplish more in less time.

28 I City guide: JerusalemEvery square inch of the stony ground is covcrcd in blood and history, hopesand prayers. perdition and redempcion. For each traveler and every residem,

che hstory is difrecent, che map h diffecem, d:e cruth isdHTerent.

441 Storytelling: Pygmalion

The andem Greeks tdl che legend of the sculpcor Pygmalion.who crQced a scatue of a woman (J~ such beauty mat he fcll

in lave wich his own creadon. Cemuries lacer, Gwrge Bernard

Shaw captured che magic of chis legend in his ceJebraced pla)'.

As V3.'it tracts of rain forest are c1eared, Brazil has become tite world's fourth-

largest producer of [he greenhouse gases thar cause global warming. aftee the

United Sutes. China and Indone;ia, according to the mast recent data &om

the U.S.ba.sed World Rc:sources Institute.

12 I The AIOS uaccineEach day, 13,000 people worldwide contraer che virus rhar causes AJOS, rhe

United Nacions estimares. But [wo decades afier [he disease was fiese

identified, scienrists are srill srruggling [Q find a vaccine rhar could help

comain its spread.

22 IThe Amazon

18 I Fashion: Co um dr mThe mase rnearrica1 evening looks by [he grealesr designers

32 Ilnfo: Dakar Rally

Plus...

34 I Music Reuiew

36 I Packing

40 I English Tips &Tricks

48 I Triuia: MATRIX

2 I Ilnfo: Champagne

2 I CO-ROM contents

26 I BIO: Mickey MouseSurveying his company's success, ~'alt

Oisney nOled, "Ir was a1lstarted by a

Mouse",

3 I Wonderful World

Exciting news from around (he

world.

10 I Gadgets

Technology fan? If [he answer is yes~

you should check our monthly

selection of cool gizmos.


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2 Actual En lish IS SU E 07

C D -R O M C on ten tsc

..-_-_._ _ . . . . .

"- ----,,-----. ._ _ . ._ - _ . ._ -_ . . .- _ . ._ . ._ -, ._ _ . .- _ . .,--_ . .- _ . . . . .---- ,

[email protected]. . " .

-. . . ._. ._ _ . _ - - ---"-"-"-'"-'''._ _ . . ._ . ._---------_ . . . . . - . . .- . . -_ ._ - - - - _ . ._ . _ - . .---_. ._ - .

The CD a 1 5 0 helps readers improvc their

pronunciation, because it contains the artidesin Judio formato

_lOW

-,~

A J I l S

--

Wc also include a se1ecrion of dicrionarics anu

translators fOf your \Vindo\',.'s pe. You caninstall them direcdy from ,he CD-ROM.

~ wN1hP1ltwloIlowOnc_t'mO'nh -o-Itw..idIo MI T"", CNJ.Mw

._ .t_""""""_tobo'__ .XlI\aoIt __ ft'ftbo1 . _~ ..-. III~_ ,.o..uu~ .._ ,_

~ TMp,_"_..Ntt1fOn.Iwlp .........,_....-. O .ccmI(D.~O'.h:Los (O,JOM~ 'nd. ,dos en eSla pu~lcilrf1"ua,iesan un ~trklo tonUol de calidad. A!\ li .J"asIKlOJjl$ aperi:nenldn prt l~ltmilSe n su ali l lNCo, Vno Pem1 iltrl lacor"eaa l eCMa de los COs Si s t e e s w caSlJ ,por I~ Q)m.,n.qu~ cor, I ' l () lI trCl~a Jcs lelttonos I d'~eccC~e1 q.e fg..ran JIf!la IOISJllt8UIOOllH: Ar!jl"'l:-l1a:Cap l"l: VaC(dIOS!aU S . : I l "d ,T o l ' laJ .( el ; 001 M e. (I al ch y _ lrll:unl" mlOfrrallln !>er',:es1lIf A!OS Io


5/52

NelllS ' , , .' ~ U P P ER I N TE R M ED I AT E /A D V A N CE D

onder uf W ' a

A heart ina ja rRESEARCHERS AT THE UNlVERSITY OF MINNESOTA

HAVE GROWN A BEATING HEART IN AJAR.

3

They used detergents to strip a rat heart 01 its own celis, lea-

ving behind a white, three-dimensional scaffolding2 01 con-

nective tissue. They then inlused it with living cardiac cells

Irom newborn rats, which multipl ied and greVl into a lul iy

lunelional heart, a lirst in the lield 01 tissue engineering.

"We've l igured out hoVl to use nature's own matr ix: cham-

bers, valves, blood vessels," said Dr. Doris Taylor, the lead

researcher and director 01 the university's C enter lor

Cardiovascular Repair. She said that the technique holds pro-

mise lor grolVing human tissue to repair not only hearts, but

many other parts 01 the body. It might be possible, she said,

to grow whole organs lor patients who need a transplant.

Other t issue engineer ing scientists around the country said

there are enormous obstades to u,;ng the technique lor

people, but described the work as excit ing and a landmarkl.

"11'sgutsy4. I am very impressed 'Mth her going r ight lor the

University 01 Minnesota researcher Doris Taylor

talks about using decellularized swine' hearts in her

experiments to grow a new heart,

meatS 01 it ... and shovving remarkable results," said Dr.

Buddy Ratner, a University 01 Washington bio-engineer,

Growing human tissue outside the body has been a medical

Holy Grail lor decades, Progress accelerated in recent years

with the use 01 stem celis, special celis in embryos and

adults that can be manipLiated to grow into m any kinds 01

tissue. The Nationai Institute 01 Health has provided millions

01 doliars lar tissue engineering, but so lar researchers have

had successwith only a lew types 01 human tissue -primariiy

bladders6, skin, and blooc vessels.

I fo s 'Ph in , M arr :ol1J

1 swlne: (formal or North American) ;1 pig I2 scaffolding: .supporting mmework I3 landmarlc: an evem, idea, or in:m thar represents a

significant or historie deveJopmenr I4 gutsy: showing courage, boldnC5S, and determinanon I5 meat: important. valuable or inte:ttSting ideas or

informadoR or the essence or important pm of som~hing 16 bladder(s): an organ or ather body part fer storing a liquid or gas. espedally the sac

mar stores urine (urinary bladder) al me su: tliar stofCl bile (gallbladdcr)


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4 NeliJS ( ~ . I lf lPER IfJ1 !lrJl~lJl/,1 :r\l)j/.rJ( )

C a n a n 'eco-city' c l e a rth e a ir in China?

TO THE RESIDENTS OF CHIl'A'S MOST CRO'W'DED ANO POPULOUS CITY. THE AIR ON

NEARBY CHONGMING ISLAND HAS AN UNFNvllLIAR QUALITY: IT'S FRESH.

AbOut an hour 's ler ry r ide 110mthe edge 01 the c ity ,

the island's lanns and l ishing vi llages are a world

apart l rom the pol lut ion that pervades2 modern l ile

in China, and increasingly spi l ls out3 beyond i t.

A steady breeze rustles4 through lushs green ma"h

grass, the only sound besides lhe chirping6 01 migra-

t ing birds at the mouth 01 the Yangtze River. Fields 01

watennelon and cabbage st retch lor m i les.

"11'sthe last piece 01 undev=loped land in Shanghai, "

sa id Yan Yang, who grew uo in this c i ty before go;ng

to work ler S eattle architecture f irm Cal l ison. "I t's a

treasure." Shanghai developers plan to bui ld what

R u sh h o ur ' t ra ff ic h ea ds w e st,

fa din g in to th e s mo g a t d us k

o n th e N o rt h T h ir d R in g R o a d

in Beij ing, China.

they say wi l l be lhe world's f i rst sustainable "eco-

city" on a plot7 three-Ioueths lhe size 01 Manhattan.

Cal led Dongtan, or East Beach, the project attempts

to channel China 's vorac ious demand lor housing

and energy into a radical1evv model: a ci ty lhat

eventually supports hal l a mil lion residents, recycies

almost al l 01 i ts waste, produces i ts electr ici ty l rom

wind turbines, solar panels and bioluel, and lemes8

people around in hydrogf ll luekell buses and so lar -

powered water taxis.

IK rist H rim .

1 rush hour: a p~riod ofh~vy traffic:n me moming and evening during which people are rravding ro ani from work1 2 pervade(s): [O spm.d

mrough oc be present throughout something 13 spJII(s) out: lO Ro w o c &11OUtof a container 14 rustle(s): ro move with a swishing o r 50ftcrack1ing

soundI5 lush: growing vigorousIy espedally with luxuriam foliage I6 chirplng: a sharp sound made by small birds oc inStS I7 plot: a picee ofJandm ar has becn rnarked or m~ured for a particular purpose I8 ferry(ies): [OU2nSport p:usengers or goods back 2nd forth by any vehide


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Gua

EXP~LENGUAS@y CULTURAS

Articles of interest Bookstores C:orporate Tourism

Cultural Tourism Dubbing Embassies& Consulates

Ethnic Restaurants Interpreters language Institutes

Language Tourism Modern Language Departments

Neutral Spanish Professional Associations Proofreading

Publishing Companies Radio and TV Announcers Simultaneous

Interpretation Equipment Social Tourism Spanish for Foreigners

Specialized Books & Publications Subtitling Training Translators

Trends in the industry University Dorms

- . ' "buenosaires .J ~::;E

e.ltlffY.~"f! .= -

. ,

I gobBsAs I IgoblloAsI actltudBsAs

~ " J ,.(" ''' p.ftl, RADIO 1 1 1

~, :s,:t.~

dMllllObue~ alrH

gGt&o\& 57==_

@incullA @reD @mD: ' : : : : ' 0 : : . DID1Slfilo ~~~~ruNa

OIDlUU

ARGENTINA

WM'tturismo'1l" ' ' '

. National and International door-to-door shipments

Phone Number: (54-11) 4775-2870/ Fax: (54-11) 4775-2198

[email protected] .www.expo-Ienguas.com.ar

UMSA. . . . . . .- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
mailto:[email protected]://www.expo-ienguas.com.ar/http://www.expo-ienguas.com.ar/mailto:[email protected]


8/52

6

Deal ing wi tha dating SMOK ER> Und ers tand tha t i t' s an add ic ti on , a d i sease . I t' s ou t o f t he p e rson 's con t ro l , l ik e d iabe tes o r cance l .

> H ave so rne compass ion and see k se ren i ty and de tachment f r om the ad d ic ti on .

> Th e smoker i n t he re la ti onsh ip shou ld be resped fu l and po l it e , Le . go ou ts ide , b rush thE i r t ee th ,

use b rea th m in t s , e tc .

> Co up les shou ld no t t r y t o f o r ce the ir i deas on each o the r .

> The nonsm oker has to cons ide r whe the r he o r she can hand le i t if t he add id

ge ts s i c k o r ge ts cancer . You have to ask yourse l f: A re you w i l li ng to see

t hem t h r ough t ha t4)

Source: D r, lo is Nightingale , psychologist and director of the N ightingale

( l inic in Yorba linda.

IKo.thain< Nguyen

1 come up with: to produce or discO\'tr something .. in responseto a need orehaHenge 12boost to improve. st~ngthen. or encourage somebody

or sorncthing I 3 endorse: [Oappmve er suppon (an idea) openly I4 s ee (them) through (that): to provide somebody with hdp. 2dvke.and 5uppon, espedally in times of troublt


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S M A L L B U S IN E S S ?

E X P A N D !


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11/52

, , i UPPER- INTERMEDIATE /ADVANCED 9

T h e f i r s t automobile

Leonardoda Vlnel(1452-1519)

Englneer.selentlst,arehlteet;also an

artlst,palnted"Mona Usa"and "TheLastSup er"

r4i'~

~~~Elght-tooth ~

steertnggear Four-toothSharp turn steerlng gear _

Gentle turn

G ra p h lc : 8 e l in d l l L o n g , S u n .S e n t ln l l l

S o U r c ll: C B to Ia a n d Pa r tn e l l , I n s t l t u l e a n d M USl lu m o f t t l e HllIt lrj 0 1 S d e n c t l

(A o re n c e , l t a t ) , M u a e u m o t S c l t ln c l I (B o s to n l , B B C , R e u t l I f 1

Cart onlywenl

short dlslances,

may haya been

w h ee I 'lnlended lorr amusement at

court feasta

.f\.....

" JO ."

. ~Q J

e 2 0 0 4 K R T

, Il ."

,',

! TA L lA N SCIE N TI ST S H A V E BU IL T A W O RK IN G MO D EL O F A SPRI NG -

P OW E RE D V EH IC LE T HA T L EO NA RD O D A V IN CI C ON CE IV ED 5 00 YE AR S

BEFO RE THE FIRST AUTOMOBILE.

I . t } II f

4 S tee r lng gea r m ove s a rmt h a t t u r n s r e a r w h ee l

4 ft.(1.2 m) longmode/basedon sketch /n1478notebook

3 S lee r lng d l rec t lon I sp r e se t b e f o r e c a r t s t a r t sm ov lng by Ins ta l l ing arem ova b le gea r w l t h

p e t a l - s h aped l e e t h

H o w It w o r k sSeholars eould not make aworking model until reeently,when they finally understood

the eart's motor and steerlng

1 C o l led sp r lngs a re w oun d t lgh t w h l le b rak eho l d s c a r t I n p la ce

2 A s sp r tngs unw lnd , Q' ,~,. ,d r l v l n g g ea r s y ,,~~ , w-. _~t u m c a r t ' s 1 I~ S ,'-' f 1 : : 'tro n ! w h e e ls -- - , , - o , I


12/52

10

Gadgets: Three

worth watchingHOW DOES A HIGH-DEFINITION VIDEO

DISPLAY MAKER STAND OUT IN THE

CROWDED FIELD OF 300 CURRENT MODELS?

\VE SAMPLED THE !J\TEST CROP' ANO BRlNG

YOU THREE OF THE BEST.

I I ,( '/lZ !,! " 1) / ' / -1 j IJ I )f la t- p an e l s e t m a k er s a r e s h ar p en in g { o e us o n t h e 3 2 - in e h e a te g o ry , a

s e r ee n s i ze t h at l il ls t h e b i l ' l o r t h e s e c o n d r o o m . T h e P h i l ip s

3 2 P f L 7 3 3 2 0 l ig h 1 5 u p a sm a l l s p a ee i n a sp e c ia l w a y , w i th p i d u re s t h a t

lo o m10

l a r g e r t h an t h e s c r : ! e n .W i th o n l in e p r ic i n g 0 1 1 9 0 0 10 S I , 1 0 0 , t h is s e t c o s t s a t l e a s t 1 1 0 0 m o r e

t ra n o t h e r l ir s l. ti e ,. b ra n d l l 3 2 - in e h e rs , b U I i t s e e m s w e l l w o r th i t.

---. . .- . . . . .

J he Jlm' nlllflf{}lI irO h , h ow p e o p l e e o m p l a in a b o u t h i g h -d e l in i ti o n v i d e o

p ro je d o rs l T h e p ro d u d S a re e x p en s iv e a n d d em an d a

t o ta l ly d a r k r o o m t o p e r to r m w e l l. A n d L C O . b as e d

m o d e l s s 'J f fe r I r o m v i s ib l e l a g " a n d b l u rr in g7 w hen

d i s pl a y in g f a s t- m o v i n g s p o r ts a n d v i d e o g a m e a a io n .

C l e ar ~ , t h e se e o m p l a ln e r s h a v e n 't m e t t h e n e w

P a n a s o n ie P T - A X 2 0 0 U , m a y b e t h e b e s t I in l e 7 2 0 p L C O

p ro je et o r th a t' s e v e r la nd e d on th es e sh o re s.

T h e n e w P T - A X 2 0 0 U e a r ri e s a S I , 2 9 9 m i n im u m

a d v er ti se d " Ic e , s l as h ed B l ro m t h e SI ,9 9 9 t ag l o r I ts

l e ss l e at u re - ri e h (l ) p r e d e ee s s o r, A g o o d d e a l!

'..

/W /lt'lJ) J '/11 Jll (' {./,Ir IO ne 0 1 t h e o r i g i n a t o r s 01 f la t - p a n e l p l a sm a Ns. P i o n ee r h a s l o st

e u s to m e r s t o b o t h l a rg e r . h i g h - v o lu m e c o m p a n i es a n d l o w - o v e rh e a d2

n e w e o m e r b r a n d s w i th l e ss - e x p en s i v e s e ts . R a t h er t h a n c u t e o r n e r s l.

P i on e er h a s g o n e t o th e o th e ' e x tr em e . r ed e si gn in g a n d b u il di n g t h e

b e s t p ro d u d it c a n to lu re 4 d s e er n in g e u st o m er s w ill in g to p a ya

p re m iu m . T h e re s u l t7 T h e n ew P io n ee r K u ro U n e o f p la s m a s c re en s

a v a i a b le i n 5 0 - a n d 6 0 - in e h s e re e n s iz e s w i th 7 2 0 p a rd 1 0 8 0 p v e rs io n s ,

a l l t o p r a te d b y e v er y r e v ie w , ," w h o 's l a id e y e s a n d h a n d s o n o n e ,

T h e li st p r ie e i s a s te e p' S 5 .0 0 0 , b u t I f o un d t he P i on e e r P O p - 50 1 0 fO

o n li ne a t m a n u la d u re r'a u th o ri ze d ( th u s " a rr an t y- se e u 'e d ) B e a eh

C am e r a l o r S 3 , 500 .

-------------------


13/52

LEVELS.ADVANCED I PROFICIENCY 11

B i g s e r e e n , b i g s o u n dToday's "home Ihealer" isa fusion of two leehnofogies - a large, oltenhigh-definition video sereen and a mufti-speaker sUffound sound system

Power

surge

protector

Subwooler

Liquid erystal display

C2007 Mel

Receiverf

amplilier

(central

eleetronie

eomponent)

D e p l o y i n g t h e e l e m e n t s '

Distanee from TV lO viewer should be

about three times 11e width 01Ihe

sereen, for example 15 fl. (4.5 m)

. lar a 60 in. (152 eff) screen

Digitallightp r o c e s s in g ; a l s ocalled rear projeelion

V id e o s c r e e n t y p e s

Typieal sizes (measured diagonally)

8righlness,

color quality,

weight and

cosl varywidely

S p e a k e r a r r a n g e m e n t s '

5 s p e a k e r splus subwooferStandard home

Ihealer syslem

e(1))))jlg 7 s p e a k e r s ~\O

1

,= ',,,,'_m . ~~IH iii: (;~~:r~~w@ ((r~ Irequeney) ( "

o~Wm < m i O

8 \\~~\O

~ 6 s p e a k e r s ~ ~t:ll)})))~ sut~~~ler @ ((l

l~ ( / 1 .w 'm ( f f @ ( o

Science Matters

1 the (Iatest) crop: che oUlpm of something in a seuoo; 3. ba:h or 1m of somcrhing produced durit1g a particular cyeleI 2 low-

overhead: low-eost (of a bminC'ssrun wirhlow costs)13 cu t corners: to do somcthing [he chcapcsf or e a < > i e S I way 14 lure: 1 0 persuade

somcbody to do something by offering wrr,(,lhing tempting I 5 steep: (informal) unreasonably or exccssi\'ely high, e~peciallrin roSI I 6lag: ddays. rhe act ofslowing clown 17 blurring: loss ufdear vision 18 slashed: (ofrar~or priccs) rcJuccd sharpl)' 19 fill(s) the

bill: to be exacdy what is nceded, ro be suitable 110 100m: tappear as a large or indisrinct (ami sometirr.es mcnacing) shape ur ob;ccr 1

11 first-tier~brand:of a brand that is legarded a~ a UHlass brand due to me quality of its pruducu


14/52


15/52


16/52

-

,

The AIDS vaccine,OVL'" "V I

5 sickle-cell anemia: chronic htrcdirary form of anemia [har occurs ma.inly in peoplc of African deseent. lt is causcd by 2 gene inht'rircd from

bOlh pa~nB I6 screen(lng): lO reor somcbody or somcthing for an illness ar dis~ I7 mandatory: required by )aw or mandare; compulsary.

obligarory I 8 dlscourage(s): (Orry lO srop someone from doing somcthing I 9 level(ed) off: to reach a level and becomc scable and

unchanging I 10 uproar: a hcard ar ntense controvcrsy I 11 by-product: a sccondary and somc=ornes unexpected ::onscquence I 12blueprint: a plan of aetion al a guidc ro doing sorncrhing


17/52

IS

AdullS and children eslimaled to be living wilh HIV/AIDS by year's end 2007:

Ir'

EastAsa

S o uth , 8 ,0 ;0 00

Suthel iStA sia',

4.0 mil.'

Eastern Europe,Central ASia1.6 mil.

Sub.SaharanAfr ica .22.5mi.

Down Irom estimale published in 2006 of 39.5 milliQ"ldue in largaparl lo changas in lhe way lndia's H1Vrates are assessed

A ID S e p i d e m i c

C2007 MCT

Source: UNAIDS

Overal lLiving wilhHIVlAIOS'

33.2 miI l ion

New

inleotions

during 2007

2.5 mil l ion

Oied during

2007

2.1 miI l ion

The data produced Irom such stud"s and other

research inlormation will be put on 3 public Web

site lar use by all Al OS researchers ,nd members

01 the .virtual consortium." Scientists will use

the data to try to come up with 13new ideas lor

a vaccine, with the aim 01 getting vaccine candi-

dates in human testing by 2009.

trials -about 30- locus on achieving a particular kind 01 immune res-

ponse to the virus in the bloodstream The lirst results lrom those stu-

dies should be released in 2008. The new research eftort, however,

will also locus on some neglected'5 areas 01 study, including the pos-

sibility that a nasal-spray vacelne could stimulate the body's mucus

Iinings'6 -including in the genitals- to neutralize HIV belore it enters

the bloodstream and causes inlection.

S U M E P R U B L E M S W IT H T H E V A C C IN E

With one 01 the largest AIOS epidemics in the

world, South Alrica is already involved in creating

and testing potential AIOS vaccines, but its vacci-

ne candidates show promise only in Iimiting the

level 01 virus in the bloodstream 1401those who

become inlected, rather than curing their inlec-

tion altogether.

The problem is that most vaccines help a newly

inlected person clear the virus or bacteria lrom

the blood, ensuring the disease never develops.

With HIV, however, there is no known case 01 an

inlected person ever clearing the virus Irom his

body, which means an effective va':cine would

have to prevent inlection in the lirst place to be

eftective.

Nearly all the HIV vaccines currently in human

Charline Noel Jocelyn (center) i5 a 16-year-old HIV positive

teenager living at the Ilainbow House orphanage lor children

affected by AIOS in Port-au-Prince, Hait.

VOCABUlARY " ..~.~",Ic e " : . ' . . . :"'.~...;:".':"',:"..,.-.",".,;:"'' ' '7 :P O :,. --------- --._---".._-----_.-------- . . .~~13 come up with: ro produce or disco'-cr something, in response to a n~d oc ehallengc:1'4 bloodstream: the flowof blood drcul~tillgthrough the blood ,.essds of a person or animal 115 neglected: disregarded or not receiving enough attenrion 116 mucus Iining(s): a layer

of mucus covering me inside the organs ofu , e body


18/52

Read the following paragraphs from the artic1eand

that best explains the

16 ..The AIDS i/acCi~eC 6 i tE -R Stb~ y> ; : ,~ , i{~~ : (L ~ L S ; ' I ~T ~~ ; ; ~~ ;~ ;~ ; ~p~ " f~ . I . ~~ ' ~ ' : ~ r i l ' ~ -E

.; . .'. ~., . ;~....".~

lL~'[[;]]M O V I E S ; ;, ~~~.~

111recenl y(>af~ the f ilrnrnilking induwy . . "

~d~ ff'flf'(tt'{j lhi~i!lcwe.Thefollowing I~el

(,st 0 1 t i moV\ t 'S Iha t have tW a l t wlth th

t1 is ea S C ! in th l ' i , \(reel1pld~: .,;~

." .

meaning of the text:

1> ~.lore than 70 AJDS vaccines have reachcd human trials. But only one

has made ir 10 adyanced tcStillg, and it has shown little sigo of being

cffectivc.

a) Ooly one AJDS vaccine has beco tested in humam.

b) Of Ihe 70 AJOS Vvrescareh will foeus on che possibilicy of t1nding a vaecine char

eould stimulatc che body to fighr off the disease.

e) The ncw research will focus on che possibilicy of finding a vaecine char

eould stimulace [he body's mucus linings to neutralize HIV.

4} Soum African scientists say that cven a lesser vaccine [har keeps me le,..ei

of the ,irus low in peopIe who become infected would be a help. Although

it would not neeessarily save theie lives. it (ould help lower the likelihood

mey pass the disease to omers, slowing me rapid transmission.

a) According to South African scientists, a vaceinc chac keeps [he level of the

virus low would be useful to s10w clown lransmission.

b) 50mh AfriCdnscicntisls bdieve that a vaccine char kceps the leve! of [he

virus low would 5.1\'C rhe lives of infected patients.

e} 50mh African scicntiscs sa? t,hac infeered people will likely pass che disease

to ochers if chey don't know they are infecled.

(~:":(' :( :(' :l i{q:1

:A3}I IUMSNY

0,' I ~E COA U D IO A R T lC L E&M O R E E X E R C IS E S

: Philadelphia: Angels in Amerita

: An ear1v frost _

:: The living end t: ~.

::And lhe bond played on>l' "

::Boys on lhe side " ~ < \.::Gia

::Common threads, slories fron

l lhe qulll .,:: lo'ngtime companion ",., .:: Safe

::To"g5 united: : Our sons

A H E W H U P E

The idea lar that theory comes from a

group 01 prostitutes in Alriea who:

despite regularly having unproteeted

sexwith HIV-positive men, have never

become positive lor the virus themsel-

ves. Seientists, ineluding' Hay,es,

believe something in their mueus

linings may neutralize the virus, keep

it lrom entering the bloodstream or

allow them to light ofl" inleetion.

Researeherswarn that linding sueh a

vaeeine will take time, even with a

eooperative eflOrl.

"The vaeeine will not be a 'Eureka!"8

moment. It will be a very slow pro-

eess. Williamson said.

SJuth Alr;ean scientists say that even

a lesser vaeeine that keeps the level 01

the virus low in people who beeome

inleeted would be a help. Although it

would not necessarily save their lives,

it could help lower the Iikelihood they

passthe disease to others, slowing the

rapid transmission. AE

17flght off: ro driv(' away or resist an

2uacker 118 Eurekaf: (exclamadon) a cry of

jO)' or satisfaction when ooe llnds or disco\'C'rs

somC'thing


19/52


20/52


21/52

Carolina He"era blue silk aepe strapless cocktail

dress, $2,990, retaillocations at

www.carolinaheera.com. Stella McCartney fuchsia

silk pumps, $S95, Neiman Marcus.

LEVELS: INTERMEDIATE I UPPER INTERMEDIATE

r .

A1.xander M cQueen silk

taffeta strapless balloon

gown, $4,465,

www.alexandennequeen.eom

lo. retaillocations.Miu Miu suede4 pumps5,

$450, BameY' New York.

1 f. II I. : a c los d y wov~n.sJighdy ribbe d s.iJk,conon , 01rayon fabric 12 tull. : of a ,h in nmed. ofttn s t if fcned. s ilk , nylon, 01rayon &bric..

used in ballet costumes, I:Vcning dresses. "dls, etc. I ; ) s m (s) : m e l ine aloog which pieces of doth Of Jeamer are joined by sewing I 4suede: leathc:r with the f le s h s id c tu rned outward and rubbed up te muea vdvety nap I 5 pump(s}: a typc of plain mee wim a raised

heel and no fastenings whkh is worn b y W ';)rn c n
http://www.carolinahe/http://www.alexandennequeen.eom/http://www.alexandennequeen.eom/http://www.carolinahe/


22/52


23/52

, A CTUAL ENGL SH LEVELS: INTERMEDIATE I UPPER-INTERMEDIATE 21

Champagne

@2007MCT

P r o d u c t io n m e th o dAlter primary

fermenlalion andbottling, a second

alcoholic

fermenlalion occurs

in lhe botlle; induced

v:5= by adding yeasl and~ < rock sugar

~ Grape types,J$~" a llowed: Pinol noir ,

i! .- Pinol meunier,

Chardonnay

Graspcork and

cage firmlywilh one hand,turn lhe boltleilself by holding il

al lhe base wilhother hand

Glass Tulip-shaped, space for bubbles, room for aromas

H o w t o o p e nRemove foil, undo

wire cage wilhoul

removing il

H i s t o r y17th century Sparkl ing wine invenled

18th century Champagne is sweel, l ike loday's

Demi-secs, used wilh desserls19th cenlury Bru l Champagne becomes a less sweelaperitif, useful for all meals

10 km--10 miles

Dom Perignon (1638-1715), French monk,

said to have invented sparkling wine.

Drink it chilled.

not iced

CHAMPAGNE

IM ain . ~i>'Reimsg ro w t h .~ . ~.'Ja rea 4:X"~~ River 0._.-~lQ)~Mame h~:tt ~ ,.

- . E p er n3 ):- . C j6 ~",~:;. ~ ~./

. ~'- : -

~

Source: champagne,com Graphic: Zi lha OJsen, Morten lyhne

1 sparkling wine: w i nc :

{har is m O lde e f f erv csccn t natu~

r . t l ly through a s c=cond (erme n -

u t ion i n (hc : bo rr le o r ar tificially

through che introduetion of

atbon dioxide I 2 yeast: a

t r p e o f f un b 'U S wh i ch is u s ed in

m a k i n g a lc o h ol ie d r i n k s su c h a s

b e = e r a n J w i n e , a n d r o r mak ing

bread ~wdla n d b e c om e l ig h t I

3 foil: a \'cryrhinsheet of

metal. especially used to wrap

food in to ~ep ir freshI 4grasp: 10 quickly take somc-

m i n g i n y o u e h a n d (s ) a n d h o t d

ir finnl)' I 5 c or k: a sh an

cy li ndrica l pi ecc= of cork, oc

sometimes plastic or ruhLx:r,

which is pur into che top uf a

b o rd e . e s p ed a ll y a w in e b or d e ,

[odo~i(

Champagne is a sparkling

wme produeed by indu-

cing the in-bottle secan-

daf'1 lermentallon 01 wine

to effect carbonation. It is

produced exclusively

within lhe Charnpagne

region of Franee,Iram

whlCh It takes its narne.

While lhe terrn "eharn-

pagne" is used by sornE

makers 01 sparklmg wine

in other parts 01 the

world, numerous eountres

limil he use 01 lhe terrr

te only those wmes that

came lrom lheCharnpagne appellation


24/52


25/52

Foc more (han a decacle,

Vigilio de Souza Pereira

has earved his living our'

of rh e mick Amazon rain

forest around his ranch in nonhcrn

Brazil.

When Pereira needs more land foc his

crops and came. he cuts more virgin

jungle and sers me vegetation ablaze2.

When (he nutrienr-poor soil has beeo

depleted. he moves on and cues down

more jungle.

Such slash-and-burn agriculrure has

helped rh e 51-year-old Pereira aod

millions of orher arroces and

ranchers scrarch out a livingl fron

lhe foresto bUl ir has pUl Brazil al me

hearr of me environmemal ehallenge

of me cenrury.

Greenhouse gases

As vas! traces of rain foresr are

c1eared. Brazil has become rh e wotld's

foutth-Iargesl producer of rh e

greenhouse gases rhar cause global

warming, afree [he United States,

China and Indonesia, according to

che mase recene data froro che U.S.~

based World Resources Insdrute.

And while aboUl mree-quatters of me

greenhouse gases emitted around the

world come [rom power planes,

transportarion and industrial actiYiry.

more than 70 percent of Brazil's

emissions come [rom deforestadon.

Burning and cutting [he forest

rdeases hundreds of millions of tons

of carhon dioxide, memane and other

gases mal lhe vegetarion had ttapped.

Those gases collect in me atmosphere;

preve,;r hea, from escaping and hdp

raise the Earth's temperature.

VOCABULARY

c: - ~r'" t"". ... . 1" . , > - . " . '; i !- . . ~ , .

";:: .,': .~. ..- ".. . " .

~:'" . ;;"AI.r.e~dY.som'~f.armeis are cutting trees sel~~iv,ely ancl,s.elling~ ~-:.:':~,' 1 '

. o ''' . ' . ~ : : " : ~ ~.:l..the.wood as. "green" lumber !c0r!J1ult.ples~tt~~ prlce lll,.;..~':S-:~~;'" . . they'd'getfor iIIegal wood.' -..,',

. ~ 1

Keeping greenhouse gases out of the atmosphere has become crucial to saving

me planet from catastrophic climate change, scientists sayo However, stopping

the destruction of the vast Amazon rain forese means confronting the region's

lawlessness4 aod persuading Brazilians such a, Pereira 10 leave me foresl alone.

Some numbers

T h e 1.5-million-square-mile Brazilian Amazon. larger rhao rh e emire narion of

India, conrains more than 40 percenr of (he world's rain forests. and about a

fifth of ir already has disappeared. mosrly in ao "are of deforesrarion" along me

forest1s sou(hern and


26/52


27/52

Bernacde5 tried switching ro sustainable forestry

io 199400 his 57,700-acre raoch oear Tailaodia

and even won certificacion from the

international Foces! Stewacdship Council,

meaniog he could export the wocd as higher

priced, fotest-frieodJy lumber.

AlI mat unt~uched land, howevec, proved too

great a temptarion, and armed loggers poured in

last year and devastated the property. Federal

officials said they'd visited me area and seized

illega! wood but couldn't stop th, loggers from

rerurning.

The business, which had employed about 300

people, aH but shU[ down. Today, [he ranch is

like much of me deforesred Amazon, an

apocalyptic landscape of charred1) vegetarionand tree stumps 14.

"We rried doing this me right way, bU[we

received no suppon at aU,u Bernardes said. "If

chis conrinues, 1 don't give the Amaron 50

more years."

The cons

The effects of me Amazon's combued

descfUccion could be especially severe in

southern Brazil, where much of che counrry's

agriculture, indumy and popuJadon are based.

Abour 40 percem of the precipication there

comes from moisrure evaporated off the rain

foresc's thick reee cover. Curting blck more of

me Amazon could mean scarving [he area of

water.

"The hydrodimatic cyde of the Anazon reaUy

depends on having foresc thece," said Thomas

Lovejoy, presiden< of the U.S.-basedH.John

Heinz III Center for Science, Economics and

the Environmenr. "It's all roUed into one big

picture, which in che end comes down ro 15

whac happens ro che forese."

Any plan ro crack clown on l'defcrestation,

however, depends on che government's abilic}' ro

enfocce irs laws, which farmers said is practically

nonexistem in much of me jungle. AE

VOCABlJLJ\R:t .... __

13 charred: slighdy or panly hume I 14 tree

stump(s): the base pan of a tree tha[ rcmains sr:mJing

after [he [rce has lleen fclleJ I 15 come(s) down to:

Odiomatic) ro depend upon, ba~Cllly, ultimardy or in

euence I 16crack down on: to enfor:c laws or pU:1ish

(somcthing) more vigilandy

Without going back to the articie, fill in the blanks

in the text below. Tip: the missing words are all

connected with environmental care

kvast traets of rain forest are a) ,

Brazil has beeome the world's fourth-Iargest produeer of

the b) gases that cause global

el , aher the United States, China

and Indonesia, aeeording to the most reeeOl data from

the U.S.-based World Resources Institute. And while

about three-quartors of me greenhouse gases

dI arollnd the world come from

power planrs, transporration and industrial activiry, more

than 70 pereeOl of Brazil's e) .

come from deforestation ..

Burning and clltting the foresr f) .

hundreds of millions of tons of c.1tbon

g) , methane and other

h) that the vegetation had

rrapped. Those gases 1 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . in the

atmosphere, prevent heat from eseaping and help raise

the Earth' s /l .

:uT\Jf:l.Jw~(f

~1Q:)(l

. . . (,~p!:rotp ti O

< " " l" ' ! lU ' I ( ~

-P;>lI!W~{p

llI'!L1lJ~"'" (J

:>mQ'lu=ll (q

p=:>p (~

:A3)llI;lMSNlf

25


28/52

26

lB), Jimmie Dodd, Jody Mitori and Becky Sher

.j

.

phones.

elearly the world's most beloved animated

character, Mickey continues toward the century

mark just as he began his l i fe 80 years ago~. .'

fu I steam aread8. AE

. "over the year;, Mickey's appearance changed a' 1

bit: he gained some weight around the midale,

donned7 a pair of white gloves and grew more

angular. But his personality never changed from

the friendly mouse that Walt Disney first creat-

ed in the 1920s.

Today, Mickey has became the Intemational

symbol of the Disney Empire (the three-circle sil-

houette of his head is one of lhe most recog-

nized corporate symbols in the world). And his

image - the famous two-button pants, the big

yellow shoes - has graced every kind of mer-

chandise imaginable, from T-shirts to tele-

E T U R N S 80 T HIS Y E AR , B u r Y OU 'O N EV ER K N CW IT

by lookhg at him. M'Ckey tIIouse is still as

sprightly 1 as ever, wlth not even a laugh

linel to ;how his age. Mickey's come a long

w a y s i n c e h i s t J r n a s a d e c k h a n d3 In "5 t eam boat

Willie" in 1923. Back then, the Disney studio's

hopes were pEgged4 to the mischievous rodent.

They hoped he would bring the campany success

after the rights to Walt Dlsney's 'lrst successful

character, Osw31d the Lu,ky Rabbit, were sold to

anomer studio by its distributors. Walt sketched a

mouse - who looked an awful lot Ike his prede-

cessor, Oswald - and his wlfe, Lilly, christeneds the

mouse Mickey.

Mickey was a rit, and saon he had a band of bud-

dies with whom he got in:o all kinds of scrapes and

m esses6. (H e n e ve r o f fi Cl al ly m a rr ie d M in n ie

Mouse, but they're still the world's most famous

animated caup'e.) Accoraing ta Disney, more than

1 mili ion children jOlned the onglnal Mickey Mouse

Club between 1929 and 1932. And his fans ranged

from American children to famous names Ike Mary

Plck'ord, Franklin Del3no Roosevelt, Benito

Mussolini, thE Nizam of Hyderabad and King

Geo'ge V of England.

As animation techniques grew more sophisticated

VOCABULARY _ _ _ ,_ . '. ..

Mickey Mouse

1 sprightly: full of Jife and vigur, es.'ccially ....ith J ligh! and sprngy S!CP I 2 laugh l in e: a wtinkle jn the skin al he OIlter comer uf your C)'cs.; "

1 3 d eck ha nd : a m cm bc r u f d, ship'so:rcw pcrfinming deaning Ot manual wnrk 14 pegged: auache-l [(1I S ehristen(ed): to gi"e a nam(' ro

somclhing or sOlllcbody. '...irll ur wirhollt an ;\o.:(;omp.ln)'ing C


29/52

1. HSteamboat Willie" (1928)

2. HMickey's Choo-ChooH (1929)

3. HTheMad DoctorH (1933)

4. HThe PointerH (1939)

5. "The Simple Things" (1953)

6. HRunaway BrainH (1995)


30/52


31/52


32/52

30

A group of Palestinian students on a field trip leaving the Dome of the Rock.

chrch in Chrisrianiry ro [he mast revered sire in Judasm, [he

Western Wall.

It was a sunny Tuesday afternoon, and 1was in [he campany of guide

Gil Daleski, a native of Jerusalem. Before we could see rhe Wall, we

had to pass rhrough a meral detecror and a par down. Two guards

made a careful inventory of ro)' camera b ag o

The mount isfior a moumain: ir's a struc{Ure of massive stones built

around a small hill. In rhe Jewish r"dirion, rhar hill is Mounr Moriah,where Abraham was prepared [Osacrifice his son Isaac, DaJeski said.

On rop of (har box of stones was (he site of [he original Temple. the

most revered10landmark of rhe Jewish fairh. For sorne Jews, rhe

Temple marked rhe very place "ihere rhe world began and rhe very

place where ir will end.

An icon in the Russian Church of the Ascension

on the Mount of Olives, East Jerusalem.

The Temple was demolished by invaders more

rhan once; The Second Temple, builr by !Gng

Herod, was desrroyed by rhe Roman Empetor

TIrus, who replaced ir with a temple to'Jupiter.

Eventually. (har temple was [om clown, too.

Now rhe rop of rhe Temple Mounr is Occupied

by rhe Al-Aq,a Mosque and rhe Dome of rhe

Rack, signifiClnt Islamic holr sites.

The wall is ;ust rhar: a span of lighr-coloced

stone blocks thar cises nearly as high as a 10-

story building. The worship area is cordoned

off11 and divided mo men's and women's sides.

ISIAMIC IANOMARKS

The next morning, 1 rerraced 12 m)" sreps. To gel

to rhe most holy Islamic landmarks in Jerusalem,

a non-Muslim must remm lO m e Western Wall,

and pass mrough an even more rigoroos securirycheck to ger onto rhe plaza rha, is on rop of ir,

and Al-Masj:d Al.Aqsa, Arabic foc "The Far

Mosque,"

In me Islamic world, al-Aqsa is a very holy place,

rhird in importance behind Mecea and Medina.

Wby? Beeause a pivoral13 evenr in rhe !ife of rhe

propher Mohammed happened hece.

The Dome of rhe Rock and Al-Aqsa wete builr

in rhe lare 600s, he said, afrer Jecusalem was con-

10 revered: gready respecte

112 retrace(d): ro go b.tck over a pam. Olroute again I 13 plvotal: vitalIy imporwtt. especially in dc[(nnining me outcome, progress, or success of

someching 114 close to the surface: stiU existent, stiUprtsent


33/52

31

(~:w ~(q:L.:!~"):(lI:s:t':t :(p:,: (J:'I: ~('l:1

:A;J)( H;JMSNV

a) A span nf lighr-colored MOlle l:Jocks [har rist:s nearly as high

:l') a 1O-story building. Somelim~ callni rhe Wailing ,('all, ir is

\'isired itl grear nurnllt:rs by Jews as a holy plan' litar commcm-

orares lheir ')orrows 1rom l'Jrlicsr rimes.

g) A hol)' place in rhe IsIamic wor~d, rhird in importance

behind Mecca and !'vIdina

8) The Old Tcm le

7) Dome of the ock

2) Thc Holy SCl'lIlchre

e) In lhe Jewish rradirion. wIH.:reAhr;lham was prepJred to sac-

ritlee his sor, Isa;l("

Holy Places:G 2ill!I1with their corresponding definitions.

b) A .~hrine in Jertlsalern ar rhe sire [mm which Mohamm(.'d

a,lCended through the ~eyen hcavens ro the rhwfH..'o r God: sup-poseoly builr on the ..jre of the Jewish 'lemple.

1) The Cardo

4) MOllnt Mori"h

3) Golgotha

5) AI-Aqsa Mosqllc

6) The Western \X':!1I

d) Thc hill (llItside .Icrusalem whert' Chrisrians br.:lit'\.c rhat

Jesus W;lS crucified

e) According ro lhe LClelis, a reJ11?It . thJ.f was loc:ued on dH:

sire whcn: rhe Dome of lhe Rock -.vasbu ilr

h) A popular shopping streer during Jerusalem '5 da)'s as a

Roman ourposr now, a popular spor for tourisrs :md visitors on

rhe approach ro rhe \Vesrern Wall.

f) In Chrisrianiry, rhe [Omb in which rhe bod)' of Jesus Chrisr

..\'as laid afrer rhe Crucifixion, bcnveen burial and rcsurrecriol1

O N T HE C D : A U DI O A R TIC LE & M OR E E X E RC IS E S

I~

~-J

J

.-~

quered by !v1uslm [orces and onl)' a few )'e~trs

arree dI(: prophct Mol13Jl1ll1ed's dcarh. Fo e more

than 1.300 yeaes (asidc [rom a ccmury when rhe

Crusaders c1aimcd rhe dry roc Europe). al~Aqsa

has hecll a centee of (he Islamic imdlcctua! anJ

spiritual world. he said. It still s .

The irueriors of bmh monumcnts are c1o.~cdto

non.lvtuslims. Because of ongoing conflicts

between Israclis and Palcstinians, hard fedings

are clase ro rhe surface 14,

"There was Ilorhing hefe when the lvluslims

carne," he said. "JUSt garbage 3nJ ruios. 1 1 1 C

IsraeIis 53Y rhe Dome of rhe Rack is bui lr on rhe

site of rhe old Temple. bU( no one k.nows where

rhar was, Jerusalem has been destroyed seven

times. No one knows,"

The nones of Jerusalem have been sanetifled in

prayer in nearly every language on E.'trrh, and ir's

eas)' ro forgcr rhar rhese rhree faid:s aH pra)' [Q

rhe same monorheisric God.

The hope foc rh e fmure lies in rec(Jgnizing rilar

rhose prayers have much in coroman. no matter

who is giving rhem voice. AE

The Cardo was a popular sh

street during Jerusalem's d~' a s a- j

Roman outpost; now t's a~~lar spot

for tourists and visitors on,approach to the Western# , . ; t t : r :afamily celebrating Passover

the ruins. . ,,'


34/52

32 , ACTUAL ENGllSH lEVElS: INTERM EDIATE I UPPER-INTERM EDIATE

9:30 p .m.Bedlime

r J7:00 p.m. Prepare road bookand mount it on bike a8:00 p.m. Dinner (j~9:00 p.m. Briefing; colleclGPS code, check slarl lime

&:00 p.m. Checkbike and makerepairs il necessary

~Qo. Flnish

.g~5:00 p.m. Arrive atLiaison Time Control (bivouac);hand in card, recover road book lornexl day; liII up wilh luel; pitch tenland get ready for the next day

Speciat leg, timed, onor off road; establishes

standings

7:30 a.m. Arrive at LiaisonFinish Time Conlrol prior toSpecial start; check equipmentagain (also check road book)

11:40 a.m.Recover card andsel off again onthe Special leg

11:30 a.m.Arrive at fuelslop; hand in

card, gel fuel,eat and drink,

check bike

@ ) 8:30a.m.Recover card andbegin Special

Challenge leg

Liaison leg, normaUy ontarmac, time limited; only used

to reach specialleg

A typical day in the

Dakar Ral ly~

02007UCT

Source: Oakar Rally, organizaraGraphic: Julta Scheibe, Mor1en lyhne

Start

5:50 a.m. Head lo Start Tme

Control 10 minules early; turnon and check eleclronicequipmenl (such as GPS)

o &:00a.m. Pick upcard and beginliaison leg

G5:00 a.m. Wake-up ~call; pack tenl andbelongings

5:20 a.m. Breakfast; organizefood rations and water lor theday and stow them in jacket;check start time and position

in lield

_. VO CA BU_L ARY _ . _. _ _ - ~-_ .. --- -

1 liaison: a channcl of communi::atioll bctwec:n prople Of groups wha work ..th caen amer 12 leg:.1 particular sClgl: of a joumey. competidon

or aetivir:y I3 tarmac: (also 3.rr.lacadam: rrademark) black material uscd fOI building mads, which consists of ur mixcd wth small SIones 14stow: to pJ.cksOffit"thing Of pllt s(lOlcthing away 15 road book: apublicadon fOf road uscrs showing maps antl an indo: r o , a1 1me romes in an

. atea I hand in: te give 01 slIbmit somcthing to sornebody 17 set off: to cavc; 10 bt-gin a journey or rrip 18 flll up: to make something fUll

(espedallya gasolinc r:mk) 19 pitch (tent): to put up a [cm .lndfix ir into position 110 briefing: a mcccing hcld te providc informarlon aoout

lhe main f.1CtS of an i&'iUCor sitllati


35/52


36/52

Music Review

~~(

"'..''~'. . .

Polly Harvey rakes her music clown a

1lC\"'- creative avenue. The album bre-

eles along a( a low-to-mid tempo

pac e, wir h rhe numb ers "Si lence" and

"TIe Piano" abouc as upbeatS as the

musie gcrs.

> Dolores O'Riordan, "Are You

Listening?": The former from woman

of [he lrish rock group, The

Cranberries serves up' a [exrurally

smooth effort on her firsr solo

album. Her deliciously [he' voice

and robus[ inS[rumenta[ion produce

a rr:e1odicpotency that almos( rises

to .:.melodramadc level, but nevcr

succumbs [Q ir.

H ere's a bricflook at sorne of

the orhcr notewonhy rdeases

from women anis(S ayer the

lasr 365 day'.

> Tori Amos, "American 0011 Posse":

The state America's current social

fabric, politicalleadership. war and

the impersonal nature of rhe digital

age converge [Oshapc (he rhemate

currems of chis album. Widi her rip-

pling] piano and distinctivc vocal

arrangemems. Amos delivers a salid

23-song playlisr worrhy of oft-repea-

red4 listening.

> P.). Harvey. "White Chalk": Sparse,

eanhy, and spirimally introspective,

Women returnto m usic lim eligh tA WAVE OF VIBRANT ROCK MUSIC SURGED FROM

WOMEN ARTISTS IN 2007.

1 ominous: suggcsting or indiColting mal somcthing bad is going to happcn or be ft'\'caled 1 2 slitting (her) wrists: making a long srraigh[ narrow

cut in (her) wrists. in olha \.', " O N s . arrempting suicide I ) rippling: moving with a gcncle lapping sound 14oft.-repeat~: (old wc or formal) often 15upbeat: (informal) (adj.) lUll qf oprimi;m or chcenulllCS5; (noun) an unaccellled bea[ or portion of a bear in a musical melSure 1 6 s er ve ( s) up: provi-

Je (usually bUI nO( nr:ces.uril) ' food) 17 lithe: young. hc:.ucllY.attraetive anJ ablc: tu !llove and hcnd gracduUl


37/52

8 knob: (vulgar slang) ; 1 , man's pc'ni~19 rekindle(d): ro m'ive or renew somelhing such 'u a fa:lillg or inl~R'sI110 angst: ; l , profound fJinS of gene-

raJizcd anxiety or drn.d 111 cut the mustard: (idiomaric) 10 achieve the standard of pcrfomlance necessary ror success112 smudged: diny or nor

c1car:rubb


38/52

36

acking. It's (he tast hurdle' becween you and

pu llin g out of me drive wa y. An d doing i, \Vell i,

(he difference bernreen a clean geraway:Z and a

Chevy Chase vacatian movic. These days, (hece's a

lO [ more [O jr [han JUSt nO( forgeuing an)'!hing. Srrongerairporr security measures have caused liS {O rethink3 Olany

aspects of rraveling. especially paoong. You muse be prepared

to unpack and rcpack befare gaiog to your gateo

It's a process we're al) seeking tO simplify. YOlle bese straregy

might jusr be the perfecdy packed bago

Lighten up

Weighr is a majar concern because Olan)' airlines naw charge a

(ee foc luggage char exceeds cerrain limies. Cochrane says [he

chaJlenge [oc manufacUlrers has be:n ro develop marerials char

are durable hue igheeT. so char rravelers can pU l more in eheie

bags. A popular choice? Ballistic n::lon.

Try expanding

Anorher facet of your bag is expandabiliry. \X'hile expandable

luWge isn't new, the rrend is moving to zipperless4 expansiono

Simply press aburran inside your bag and warch ir pop up,

much like a pop-up campers.

TIPS FROM A PROFESSIONALPat Shannon has traveled hundreds I)fthousands of

miles during 1 4 years as a flight attE:ndant for American

Eagle. and she strongl~' advises packing light for the

salce 01 you. back and rou' wallet She gets all 01 he,

needs in ane roll-on and one carry-m. -The thing to

remember is tilat no one you know is going to see

you," Shannon says.

Plan to wear outfits more than once, 50you d on't

have to paek as many clothes.

PaCKclothes made from Iightweght fabrks. such

as cotton, silk and linen.

(haose dothes in complementary colors tIlat layer

easil)', 50 YOUare com fortable at any temp erature.

Don't paek your coat or jacket wear it on the plane.

Get everything in one suitcase. Get

through security faster. Get there

looking better.

Put the squeeze on it

The compressor bag, aboYe, has several uses. Place bulky rerns,

like sweaters. inside and then roO me bag tO rdea.se me excess

air and save space. On rhe way horne, pue your dirry clorhes in

ir ro keep rhose from raking up as much room, as weJl. Ir can

also be used for \Alerrhings, like swimsuirs and towels from rhar

las, dip6 in ,he pool.

Without a wrinkleRolling rour clorhes is one of me rnost common!y suggesred

methods for avoiding wrinkles, mough Chris Luce, a buyer for

The Container Srore. says me real key is keeping clorhes frorn

moving around. Amy Fletcher, a packing demonsrrator for The

Container Sto re, also suggests alrernating collars7 and

wrapping panrs around shirrs to avoid crcasing!. Or you can

skip the folder and juS! place pants at ,he botrom of ,he bago

layer9 shirrs over thero, and fold the pants over rhe topo

Plastic makes perfedPut a1l of your loose personal ireros in a large zip.lock bag

before passi~g rhrough securiry. so that you can save time

instead of emprying )"our pockets and rhen collecting

everyrhing again. Do rhe: same with your personal dectronic

devices: put them in a cJear plastic envelope to keep them all

together. which also hdps ro prevem others froro accidental!y

picking up what's yours.

Resources

-7 Don't wanr to forger anyrhing, bU[ toO busy to make a

lisr? Ler someone clse do ir. Try The Universal Packing Ust

W'eb sire at upl.codeq.info. You'lI select rhe basic parameters

of your trip. and the ste will generare a packing listo

-7 If you want ro pack light, rry che tips at OneBag.com.

The site shows rou ho'iV to pack everyrhing you need in a

carry-on 10. AE

V O.CJ\!!l!LA!!! .. . ._ . _ ._ ._ . _

1 hurdle: an obstade: or difficulry 1 2 getaway: a shott vacation or brc I 3 rethink: [Othink about something again. csP'=dally using new

information or in arder to produce a b=tter resul[ I 4 zlpperless: wi[hoUI a zipper (a faslener for dOlhes, bags, or garmenu consisdng of nvo rows

of interlocking metal or plastic teelh w:th an :mached sliding tab putled to open or clase:the fastener) I5 pop~up eamper: a ponable dwdling (as

a speciaJly equipped trailer or autornorive vchicle) for use during casual trave! and camping I 6 dip: a b~ieffWim in water I7 collar(s): a band of

material around the neck of a shin or orber garmen!. dther uprigh[ or turned over I 8 creasing: the a:t o E producing wrinkles or folds 1 9 layer:

to arrange something in layen (levds (me 00top of [he other) I10 carry-on: a piece of luggage suita:.le for bdog arried aboard an airplane by :a

passenger


39/52

I By Ke l ly Rmfrow

ln


40/52

38

.

Actual En lishM.WS

M u lt ita sk inWork harder, play harder, and -wi[h a

boost 1 from che: latest technology-

squeeze2 31 hours of acdvity i m o a

24-hour day.

A srudy done for a cable-TV nerwork

concluded [har people can acrually add abour

SO peccent more activiry ro a t yp i ca l d a y o f 1 6

waking hours. Spend a half-hour Ii"ening (O

podeases while answering e~mail,and you've

crarnmed3 60 minutes of work imo 30.

Mulritasking4 is nmhing new, bu! during rhe

pasr decade, rechnology has helped speed i"

~preadrhroughour our l ives . The average year l )'

nerease in U,S. w~rkers' productiviry, fo c

example, has doubled from 1.5 percent during

rhe period 1987-1996 ro 3 percent from 1997

to 2006, according (O U.S. Labor Department

figures.

"There's been an enorrnous changc in (he

American economy," said Ed Reilly,chief

executive of ch e American Managcmem

Association, which helps everyone from

individuals [Qthe nation's biggest corporations

improve eheie performance.Bur even as rcchnology is letting workers

accomplish more in less time, ir is a150 exacting5

a price. People mal' be working and playing

harder and getting more done e


41/52

I B y Chris Cobbs

-

,

lEVFl~ INTERMFDIi\H'llrr RI"H[RM[[lIATl _

gWORKERSLatest technology allows people to accomplish more in less time

VOC8RULAR'C ____ __ _ _ _ __

1 boost: som~thing ma r hdps ro improv( or strengmen sorntthing 12 squeeze: la manage ropUl somerhing moa remktcd space;ro Bod rime or

space fOI someth:ng in a busy schedule 13 aam(med): la fora= something ioto a spacc=mar is too smaU [O hold it comforubly 14 multitasking:

[he simultaneous mana~ment of rwo or more tasks by a computcr or a person I5 exad(ing): demand and obtain (something) from someonc 16overwhelmed: mOlde powerle:ss bytoo much of $Omcming (in mi s case. too much work) 17brewed: (0aninfusion) prcpareJ 18 tumble(ing):

ro fall suddenly and hdplessly 19 And on it goes: And che lisr oominue:s as follows: 110 downtime: 1period of rehxation berween pcriods of

work 111 yank(ed): to remoye somethirtg suddenly and quiddy 112 vow(ing): to make a determincd decision or promisc ro do something 113

dillgent: careful and h.ud-working in a tzk or aetivhy 114 tether: a rape that is tied. to borh ananimal and a prnt. so that [he animal's movemenr

is rcsuicted to a small arca 115 coping skills: che methods a person uses to deal with stmsful sicuations 116 assembly line: meehanical systcm

in a faCtory whereby an anide is conv~.ed through sires : ; 1 . [ which successive operations att pcrformed on ir

.


42/52

Do you have any doubrs abour English? Oon'r worry, rhissection is whar you've been waiting for! Jusr drop us your

quesrions ro [email protected].

Reade S ' QUESTIONSWhat is the difference between 'expect' and 'hope'?Can I use them to express the same idea?

This is an interesting tapie to diseuss,

espeeially if we add the verb 'wair to

the group. So, let's compare the

Cleanings of 'expect', 'nope' and

'wai!' and the struetures in whieh they

usually oecur.

DIFFERENCE OF MEANING

1)expeet and hope

Expecting is mental rather than

emotional. ~ 1expect something to

happen I have a good reason to tlink

it INill in fact happen. Hoping is more

emotional. If 1hope far something lo

happen, 1would Iike it to happen. but

I do not know whether it will. Pleasecompare:

-She is expecting a baby. (She is

pregnant)

-She is hoping it will be a girl.

-I'm expecting John to phone. (He

said he would phone)

-1hope he has passed the exam.

2) expect and wait

One waits when somebody or

something is late, when one is early

for something, ar when one wants

time to pass50 that something will

happen. Pleasecompare:

-I'm expecting a phone eall from

Peterat two o'doek.

(NOT I 'm waiting far a phone eall

from Peter at two o'doek.)-1hope he rings on time. 1don't like

wait ing for people to phone.

(NOT I don't like expecting people to

phone)

-1expected Julia at 8, but she didn't

turn up.

-1waited far her until 9, and then I

le '1 .

DIFFERENCE DF STRUCTURE

a) Direct object: Befare a direct object,

'hope' and 'wait' need the preposition

'for':

~'vVe'reexpecting rain soon

-We're hopping for a lot of rain

.We've been waiting for rain far two

rTronths .

b) Infinitive: AII three verbs can be

used with 'to infinitive'

- We expect to spend the summer in

Italy.

-\lVehope to see Marco in Italy.

-But we are stil l wait ing to hear from

him.

e) Object + infinitive

- I expect John to arrive about ten.

- We're hoping for h im to come up

with new ideas.

- I cm sti ll wait ing for h im to pay

me back that money.

d) That Clause: 'expect' and 'hope'

can be followed by that-dauses.

- I expect (that) she'lI be here soon.

1hope (that) 1'11recognise her.

(NOT I'm waiting that she arrives)

e) Expect something of somebody:

This structure refers to people'sfeelings about how other people

ought to behave.

My parents expected too much of

me when 1was a child.

Far further reading material on this

and other grammar topies, check

Mi,haeISwan, Practical English Usage

orany goOO grammar book

recommended by your teache,
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected].


43/52


44/52


45/52

. .,." .

,

t h a t t e a e h l e s s o n s

, , f"

rhe persoll " I /n is m ( /JJroe 01 a p la(e ISIl o r rhe r Jnd rhe


46/52

4 4

I by Jam es Joyee

a IonACT II,\1","1 ti". "IayThe ancien! Greeks Idl lhe

Jegend of lhe culplor Pygmalion.

who creatcd a stalUC of a woman

of sueh beauty m ,u he fdl in love

""ilb his own creadOR. Then.

Aphroditc. taking pity on this

man whose lo.e oould nOI reach

beyond lhe barriee of stone.

bro ug ht me suroe lO Ufe and

ga'\'!:her to Pygmalion as bis

bridc. Centuries Iatcr, George

Bcm;ro Sha.caplUred the magic

of mis legcnd in his celchratedplay . Je tell s me sto rr of Ucm ry

Higgins, a profcssor of phonctics.

who makcs a be! wilb his fricnd

Colone! Pickcring thal he can

succcssfuJly pus off a Cockney

flowcr girl lhey jusI met in

Covcnl Gardcn, E l i z .a Doolinle.

as a ceRned sodcty lady by

teaching her haw to spuk wim

an uppee class acccm and

training her in etiquettc. In me

procw, Higgins aud DooJinJc

grow dose, bUIas me rotuio

faUs. me awaited happy endiog

vanishes away..

EXT DAYAT 11 A.M. HIGGINS'S

laboratory in Wimpole SUtet,

It is a room on the llrs[ finar,

looking on [he mect, and was

meant ror Ihe drawing-room.

The double doors are in the

middle of the back hall; and

persons entering nnd in the

corner to their right rwo tall file C1binels at righl

angles [Qone another against me walls. In Ihis cor.

nc:r s[ands a fiat writing-uble. on which an: a

phonograph, a Iaf)'nrope 1.a row of tiny organ

pi>eSwith a beUows , a set of larop chimneys for

singing Aames with burnees anached [ O . 1.gas plug

in [he wall by an indiarubber tube. severa! mning.

forks of different si:zes, a Iife.size image of half a

human head, sho..ing in section the vocal oegaos.

ar.d a box containing a supply of wax cylinders for

the phonograp:t.

Fllrther down the room. on the same side, is a I1re-

place, with a comfortable leamer-coyered easy.

d..air ae the side of the heanh3 nearest the door,

ar.d a coal.scunle4. There is a dock on the mantel.

picce, Berween the fireplace and the phonograph

rabie is a stand for newspapers.

On the other side of the central doot, tOthe len of

!he visitar, is a cabinet of shallow drawers. 00 ir is

a [e1ephone and me tdephone directaty. The cor-

ner beyond, and mase of che side wall. is occupied

by a grand piano, with the keyboard at [he end fur.

mest from me door. and a bench for the player

e)lending chef u U lengrh of the keyboard. 00 thepiano is a dessert dish heaped \\;th fruit and sweets.

rr.ostly chocolates.

The middle of the room is dear. Besides [he ea5)'

cbair. me piano b ench, and rwo chairs al me

phonograph rabie. rhere is one stray chair. Ir

stlOds near the fireplace. On the walls. engrav-

ir.gs5; mostly Piraoesis and mezw(int6 pomaits.

1\0 paimings.

P.ckering is sC4ted at the table, putting down some

C1rds and a mnng-fork which he has been using.

Higgins is moding up nar him. dosing [WO or three

me drawers .hich a~ hanging out. He appears in Ihe

moming ligb as a robust, vital, appetiting son of man

offony or lhereabouts7, dressecl in a professional.look.

ing black frock-coa[ with a white linen collar and black

silk tie. He ii of (he energetic, .sciemific rype. heartily,

even violently imerested in everything that can be srud-

ied as a .scienlifk subject. and careless about himself

and olher prople. induding rheir feelings. He is. io

facr, but for his years and siz.e. rarner Iike a vety

imperuous bby "ralcing noticeS" eagerly and loudly.

and requiri~ almos[ as much watching (O keep him

out of wtinlended mi.schief. His manner mes from

genial bullybg when

he is in a goxi humor lO s(ormy perulance when any-

ming goes rong; but he is so emirely frank and void

of malice m;( he n-mains likcable even in his least rea-

sonable moneots.

HIGGINS [as he shUlS


47/52


48/52

46

MRS. PEAReE [hesitating.. ~idcntl}" per-

ple xed] A young ,""am an wa nu to Stt YOll,sir.

HIGGINS. A )'oung waman! What does she

wanr:

MRS, PEARCE. Well. sir, she 13.ysyou'll be

gl:td ro see her when )'OU know whar she's

come abollt. She's quite a common girl. sir.

Very common ind~. 1should have sem her

;;.way.onl)' 1 thought perhaps you wanr:d herto talk ioto youe machines. 1 hope I've nO(

done wrong: but really you s such qur

prople somdmes- you'lI excuse me, I'm

suee, sir-

HIGGINS. Oh, rhar's all right, Mes. Pearce.

Has she an interesting accrnt?

MRS. PEARCE. Oh, something dreadiitl. sir,

really. I don't know haw you can rake an

merest in it.

HIGGINS [lO Pickering) Lds have ~.er up.

Show her up, Mes. Pearce [he rushes across ro

his working rabie and picks Out a cylinder to

use on (he phonograph].

~lRS. PEARCE [only hall resign,d 10il] V,')'

wdl, sir. Ir's foc you ro sayo [She goes down.

staits).

HICGINS. This is r.uher a bit of lude. 1'11

~how you how I make re::ords. \'(fe'JI ,er her

talking; and I'U take ir down firse in Bdl's vis-

ible Speech; rhen in broad Rumie; and then

.e'l1 get her on the phonograph so tbt you

can rum her on as ofteo as you like ..hh the

wriuen transcript before you.

MRS. PEARCE [rcrurning] This is the young

woman, sir.

11,c flower girl emers in stare. She h:ti a hat

wirh mree osuich 1O feaehers, orang=, sky-

bluc, and red. She has a ncarly clean apron,

and rhe shoddy 11 coat has beco tidied J. linlc.

Thc parhos 12 of [his deplorable figure, wieh

its onocent vanit)' and coos

ir] Wh)', thi, is ehe gir! I jacte

night. Shc's no use: I've gor aH the l'C'cords1

want of the Lisson Grove Iingo; aod I'm nor

goiog to waste 30mher c)'linder on it. [To the

girl] Be off with )'ou: 1 don't wam )'Oll.

THE FLO WER GIRL. Don't you b e s o

saucy 16. You ain't heard whar I come fOf yet.

(To ~irs. Peara=, who i.swailing at the door

for funher instruction) Oid you tell him 1

come in a taxi~

MRS. PEARCE. Nonsense, girl! what do )'ou

rhink a gentl


49/52

P1CKERlNG. How so?

HIGGINS. Figure it ClIIt. A millionaire ha~ J.bolH IS O pounds : J day.

She carm about half-a_crnwn23.

LIZA [hallgluHy24] Who mld you I 001;-

HIGGINS lconriouing] She offers me (\O,'o-fifthsof hcr da)"s income

for a Iesson. p,\l0-l1fth5 of a millionairc'5 income fin a da)' wOllld be

wm~.here about 60poun(k I['s handsome. B y George, it's enormousl!t's rhe biggest otTer 1 ever hado

I.lZA [rising, terrified] Sixt)' pound.s! \'l;'1m an )'Oll ralking about? IIle..er offered )'ou sixty pmmds. \Vhere "ould I gcr

HIGGINS. Hold Y(lur fOngue,

UZA [weeping] Bur 1ain't gor 5ll:rypowlds. Oh--

MRS. PE.


50/52

f l ' E EThe Matrix series continues to capture the imagination

1 . ,

I . ..with the description 01 the charaers

E~

"~'" ' "' "ite

' " eJj.2zM

,l' ; - o' "N5 1z

~. . .

o.;' "V i'" ow~~z'"

TRINITY is the f :rst mate 01 the Nebuchadnezzar. Her relat ionship with Neo represents the power of love.She provides hir ; w ith strength, and their bond' motvates him to do extracrdinary th ings. Because of

the prophecy she received fTcm the Grade, she has complete faith in Morpheus and Neo.

NIOBE represents the strength behind the humans' rehel lion against the machines. While she lef tMorpheus becalJse his ques! far The O ne became too overwhelming2, she begins to real ize she 5t i ll has

feelings far him and volunteers her crew to back up the Nehuchadnezzar.

NEO, whose name means "new" and s an anagram for "one," represents "'Io p e lo the rebels. They

hope he wi ll ful fi ll the prophecy and the machines wiH be dest reyed. Nee has gained extraordinary abil i-

t les whi le ins ide the Matr ix, and perhaps f inally believes he is The One. He is an anomaly.

AGENT SMITH represents the machines ' hatred3 fer humans. But beca use his code mixes with Neo's at

the end of "The Matr ix, " he becomes an anomaly himsel f. With his abil ity t :> mul tip ly himsel f and take

over4 humans not in the Matr ix, he Is an extreme threat to the rebels .

MORPHEUS, captain of the Nebuchadnezzar, is a leader for the rebel humam. His undying5 fai th that Neo

is The One, wh~e at t imes consuming6, has brought him respeet among the rebels . He represents their

falth. He is the f irst person 10 te l l Neo the t ruth abol. .! the Matr ix and recruits him to f ight for the rebels .

. ..M atch the quotes below with the appropr ia te character f rom1first two "M atrix" movies. ~

IV\'"hO SAj)

10 ~Neversend a numan to do a machine's joboW2. "Hope: Ir is [he quintessentia' human delusion7, simultaneous ly the source of your greatest strengh, and your greatest weakress."

3" "'Dodge. th is ."4. "1 know you're out there. I can feel you nOIV.1know that you 're afraid. You're afraid of u s. You're afraid of change.~

So "'You take rhe blue pHIand the story ends. 'l 'ou wake in your bed and you believe whatever you W(:ntto believe.V ou take the red pill

and you stay in wanderland. and I show you how deep the rabbit hale goes."

6. "1 envy you. But such a thing is not m eanl to last."

7. "I t seems that every t ime we meet. I have nothing but bad neW$.W

8. "You do not truly know someone until you f ight mem ."

9. " 'Mark my words boy - mal them well. I have survived your predecessorsand I wil l survive you:

10. "A little piece of advice. '1'00 see an agent, you do what we do. Run.~

J, e

~

1.~.

< 5~~;j'

1 bond: ;l force oc feding (hu unites rror1c in a relationship I2 overwhelming: having such a great effea as ro be cmotionall)' !1'ovcrpowering (impo,'isible ro rcsist oc control: 13 hatred: a fccling ofintcnse honility rowards somebody oc someming 14 take over:

10 obrain or a.\sume control of somerhing. oc gaio contmJ of somcthing from somebody cisc I5 undying: describes an emorion [har

ddoC".>n~f di:ninish .bm cominues.forevC'f.'6 consuming: so inrense as ro cake up all of somebody's mencion, time. and cnergyI7elus.lon. a pCfmlenr falsc I::dJ('fheld In (he facc of strong conrradiclorv evidena- 18 dodge" 'c ld d dd I'd ... -/ o romovC'qUl yan su enytoone

SI e ro aVOld Ix-mg caught oc ha by mmC'body o c somerhing oc ro avoid doing something r~rded as unpleasam


51/52

PLU S . ..

Bl o l u .l : Do you know wha l do hydr ogen , 1311gr ass , sugar cane and

p ig m an u re h av e in c o m m o n ? S C ien t i s t s a re g e t t i n g b io fu e l f ram th em

to m ak e o i ! in d ep en d en c e p o s s ib le . B u y in g y o u r I i rs l h o u s e : O f c o u rs e ,

i t s n ' t a s eas y as p i c k in g u p g ro c e r ie s a l th e c o m e r s to re . In fa c i ,

p u rc h as in g a h o m e c an b e in t im id a t i n g , e s p ec ia l t y l a r a f im l - t im e

b u y e r. S o , h e re y o u h a v e g u id a n c e f o r f ir sH m e b u y e rs . G a d g e ls :

M a p , h il lh e r o ad : G P S n a v ig . ll on s y st e m s m a y b e t h e ho n e s l

i nnova ti on i n l he au l o i ndusl ry . A g l oba l. pos il ion i ng -sys tem dev i ce i s

p r ac ti ca ! and ~ p r ov ides a de f in i ti ve answer l o l he ag o l d ques t i ons :

' A re w e l o sl 7 " D o w e lu m h e re 7 " A re w e lh e re y e t 7

A n d m o re l


52/52

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