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Acquired ImmunityAcquired Immunity

Hugh B. FackrellHugh B. Fackrell

filename : Kuby 01B7filename : Kuby 01B7

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Acquired Immunity: OutlineAcquired Immunity: Outline

Acquired vs Innate ImmunityAcquired vs Innate Immunity Functions of Acquired ImmunityFunctions of Acquired Immunity Humoral Immunity: antibodyHumoral Immunity: antibody Cell Mediated ImmunityCell Mediated Immunity Role of MacrophagesRole of Macrophages Regulation of Immunity Regulation of Immunity

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Acquired Immunity: DefinitionsAcquired Immunity: Definitions

Acquired ImmunityAcquired Immunity AntigenAntigen ImmunogenImmunogen Humoral ImmunityHumoral Immunity Cell Mediated ImmunityCell Mediated Immunity

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Acquired Immunity: ObjectivesAcquired Immunity: Objectives

DefineDefine the following terms: Antigen, the following terms: Antigen, immunogen, acquired immunity, humoral immunogen, acquired immunity, humoral immunity, cell mediated immunityimmunity, cell mediated immunity

Identify the cellsIdentify the cells of the acquired immune of the acquired immune response from light or electron micrographsresponse from light or electron micrographs

Identify the functions of the cellsIdentify the functions of the cells of the acquired of the acquired immune reponseimmune reponse

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Acquired ImmunityAcquired Immunity

DefinitionDefinition Acquired immunity( AKA adaptive immunity) Acquired immunity( AKA adaptive immunity)

is an altered reactivity to a specific compound is an altered reactivity to a specific compound after exposure to that compoundafter exposure to that compound

CharacteristicsCharacteristics SpecificitySpecificity MemoryMemory

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Acquired ImmunityImportant FeaturesAcquired ImmunityImportant Features

The altered reactivity will not be to all The altered reactivity will not be to all compounds, compounds, just those compounds to which just those compounds to which the animal has been exposedthe animal has been exposed

The animal has a heightened specific response The animal has a heightened specific response on second and subsequent exposures because the on second and subsequent exposures because the body body ” remembers”” remembers” previous contacts previous contacts

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Functions of Acquired ImmunityFunctions of Acquired Immunity

Discriminate between self and non self for:Discriminate between self and non self for: DefenseDefense

destruction of foreign moleculesdestruction of foreign molecules HomeostasisHomeostasis

removal of dead or damaged cellsremoval of dead or damaged cells SurveillanceSurveillance

control of mutant or cancer cells control of mutant or cancer cells NextNext

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Acquired Immunity has Two Forms

Acquired Immunity has Two Forms

Humoral ImmunityHumoral Immunity lymphocytes react lymphocytes react INDIRECTLYINDIRECTLY on non self on non self

molecules via antibodiesmolecules via antibodies Cell Mediated ImmunityCell Mediated Immunity

Lymphocytes actLymphocytes act DIRECTLYDIRECTLY on the non self on the non self moleculesmolecules

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LymphocytesLymphocytes

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Immunogen vs AntigenImmunogen vs Antigen

ANTIGEN: combines with the products of an immune response

IMMUNOGEN:

triggers immunity

and

combines with products

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Antigen: interactionAntigen: interaction

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RememberRemember

ImmunogenicityImmunogenicity is not an inherent is not an inherent characteristic of a moleculecharacteristic of a molecule

Immunogen Immunogen MUST first be recognized MUST first be recognized as foreign by the bodyas foreign by the body

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Adaptive vs Innate ImmunityAdaptive vs Innate Immunity

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Primary vs Secondary ResponsesPrimary vs Secondary Responses

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Humoral ImmunityHumoral Immunity

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Antibodies Distinguish BetweenAntibodies Distinguish Between

DiseasesDiseases measles & mumpsmeasles & mumps

MacromoleculesMacromolecules proteins, complex carbohydratesproteins, complex carbohydrates

MoleculesMolecules amino acids, sugarsamino acids, sugars

Submolecular StructuresSubmolecular Structures D& L isomers; ortho, meta, para positionsD& L isomers; ortho, meta, para positions

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B cell blastsB cell blasts

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B Cell TransformationB Cell Transformation

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Clonal Selection: B cellsClonal Selection: B cells

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Immunglobulin on B cellsImmunglobulin on B cells

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Plasma cell functionPlasma cell function

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Antibody: a Flexible mediatorAntibody: a Flexible mediator

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Plasma cell: functionPlasma cell: function

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Complement functionsComplement functions

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Cell Mediated ImmunityCell Mediated Immunity

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T cell blastsT cell blasts

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T cell blasts: structureT cell blasts: structure

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T cellsT cells

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Cell mediated clonal selectionCell mediated clonal selection

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T cell transformationT cell transformation

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T cells ANAE stainT cells ANAE stain

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Role of MacrophagesRole of Macrophages

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MonocyteMonocyte

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Monocyte structureMonocyte structure

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Macrophage Activation productsMacrophage Activation products

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Macrophages & T cellsMacrophages & T cells

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T cells interacting with MacrophageT cells interacting with Macrophage

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Macrophage mediatiors:CD14 receptorMacrophage mediatiors:CD14 receptor

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Macrophage mediators:CD14 & LPS receptorsMacrophage mediators:CD14 & LPS receptors

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Endotoxin induction of Macrophage mediators:direct induction

Endotoxin induction of Macrophage mediators:direct induction

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Oponsization: mechanismsOponsization: mechanisms

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Regulation of ImmunityRegulation of Immunity

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Range of immune responsesRange of immune responses

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Antigen ProcessingAntigen Processing

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Cellular interactions during the humoral responseCellular interactions during the humoral response

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A Complete Immune ResponseA Complete Immune Response

LymphocytesLymphocytes B cellsB cells T cellsT cells

MacrophagesMacrophages critical accessory cellscritical accessory cells

ComplementComplement combines with antibody to enhance destructioncombines with antibody to enhance destruction

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White Blood CellsWhite Blood Cells

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Adverse effects of ImmunityAdverse effects of Immunity

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The EndThe End

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Acquired Immunity:QuestionsAcquired Immunity:Questions

How does clonal selection contribute to memory How does clonal selection contribute to memory in the immune response?in the immune response?

Name three feature of a secondary immune Name three feature of a secondary immune response that make it different from a primary response that make it different from a primary immune response.immune response.

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Questions(1)Questions(1)

Interleukin 2 is a nonspecific growth factor Interleukin 2 is a nonspecific growth factor that stimulates the growth of TH cells that stimulates the growth of TH cells during the immune response. In view of this during the immune response. In view of this nonspecificity of IL-2, what mechanism nonspecificity of IL-2, what mechanism assures that only TH cells specific for a assures that only TH cells specific for a given antigen proliferate and that all other given antigen proliferate and that all other TH cells do not proliferateTH cells do not proliferate

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Questions (2)Questions (2)

Antigen presenting cells play a role in both Antigen presenting cells play a role in both humoral and cell mediated immune humoral and cell mediated immune responsesresponses Name three type af antigen presenting cellsName three type af antigen presenting cells Which class of MHC molecules are expressed Which class of MHC molecules are expressed

on the membrane of antigen presenting cells?on the membrane of antigen presenting cells? Which lymphocytes interact eith antigen Which lymphocytes interact eith antigen

presenting cells?presenting cells?