ABO blood typing(1) Hu li-ping( 胡利平 ) Forensic Medicine Dept.
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Transcript of ABO blood typing(1) Hu li-ping( 胡利平 ) Forensic Medicine Dept.
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ABO blood typing(1)
Hu li-ping(胡利平 )
Forensic Medicine Dept.
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Outline
Part one Introduction
Part two ABO blood type
Part three Experiment operation for ABO typing
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Blood groups
• The genetic differences of blood are called blood groups.
Part one Introduction
RBCs group
WBCs group
Serological type
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• The genetic differences of RBCs are called RBCs groups.
ABO group
Rh. MN. P. lewis.kidd
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Whole Blood
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Composition of Blood
• Plasma: Fluid component– Water (90%)– plasma proteins– Other solutes
• Formed elements: Cells and fragments– RBCs – WBCs – Platelets
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• In Plasma,there are some useful antibodies in forensic application or medical application . such as anti-A,anti-B
• On the surface of RBCs,there are many antigens, such as A,B.
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8
Blood Typing
• Antigens–Surface of red blood cells–Responsible for blood-type
characteristics• More than 15 blood antigen systems are
identified• ABO, Rh systems are the most important
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• Antibodies–In the plasma–Responsible for blood-type
characteristics at the same time
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History
---- In 1900,Karl Landsteiner found 4 different kinds of
blood –A,B,AB and O(A-B-O system).
----A few years later, starting around 1937, a series of
antigen-antibody reactions were discovered in blood, the
most common ones being ABH, MN, Rh, and Gm (over
100 antigens exist).
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Part two ABO blood type
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• Type O—46%• Type A—40%• Type B—10%• Type AB—4%
Average Percents…
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4 blood types
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SurfaceAntigens
Antibodies
A A Anti-B
B B Anti-A
AB A, B none
O none Anti-AAnti-B
ABO Antigens and Antibodies
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Homologous Chromosomes
Genes
From Father From Mother
Diploid = Two copies of each type of chromosome
Loci = Physical position of a gene on a chromosome
Allele = Alternate forms of a gene:
Alleles have the same position (locus) on a pair of homologous chromosomes
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ABO TYPE
Phenotype Genotype
A AA or AO
B AA or BO
AB AB
O OO
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FatherA
+ MotherB
Child?
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A O B B
A B B O
Child1 Child2
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Other Examples
Mom Dad Offspring Blood Group
AA BB 100% AB
AO BB 50% each of AB or B
AO BO 4 kinds of blood group
AA BO 50% each of AB or A
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Part three —Detecting ABO blood groups
(1) Experimental purposes
(2) Experiment principle
(3) Experimental procedures
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Experimental purposes
------to grasp the method of ABO blood tpying
-----To be familiar with agglutination reactions
of RBCs and judge the agglutination result.
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Experiment principle of Blood Typing
Antigen –antibody reactions
Specific antigen on the surface of blood and serum
antibody in the plazma can particularly combine and
cause agglutination reactions.
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ABO Blood Typing
• Antigen –antibody agglutination reactions
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phenomenon Results Meaning
Agglutination + With relevant antigens
_ With no relevant antigens
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Experimental procedures
Take fingertip blood
agglutination reactions
judgement of results
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to be prepared - Mark
With saline
A B
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Collect blood
Sterilize
Pierce
Squeeze
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Mix up
saline RBCssuspension
2 drops blood
2 drops blood A B
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anti -A anti -B
A tube B tube
2 drops Mix A B
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Place in a room temperature for 15mins
Whether agglutination
A B
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• Agglutination is positive. ( +)• No agglutination is negative.( --)
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Results - ABO Positive typing
Antibodies
known
Unknown cells1
Unknown cells2
Unknown cells3
Unknown cells4
A(anti-A) + _ + _
B(anti-B) _ + + _
Results A B AB O
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Experiment contents To test the two unknown samples
x1 x2
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Anti-B Anti-A Anti-BAnti-Ax1 x2
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Anti-B Anti-A Anti-BAnti-A
x1 x2
Place in a room temperature for 15min
Mix up
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Test report (1) Experimental purposes
(2) Experiment principle
(3) Experimental procedures
(4) Experimental results
(5) Experimental analysis