ABO blood typing(1)
Hu li-ping(胡利平 )
Forensic Medicine Dept.
Outline
Part one Introduction
Part two ABO blood type
Part three Experiment operation for ABO typing
Blood groups
• The genetic differences of blood are called blood groups.
Part one Introduction
RBCs group
WBCs group
Serological type
• The genetic differences of RBCs are called RBCs groups.
ABO group
Rh. MN. P. lewis.kidd
Whole Blood
Composition of Blood
• Plasma: Fluid component– Water (90%)– plasma proteins– Other solutes
• Formed elements: Cells and fragments– RBCs – WBCs – Platelets
• In Plasma,there are some useful antibodies in forensic application or medical application . such as anti-A,anti-B
• On the surface of RBCs,there are many antigens, such as A,B.
8
Blood Typing
• Antigens–Surface of red blood cells–Responsible for blood-type
characteristics• More than 15 blood antigen systems are
identified• ABO, Rh systems are the most important
• Antibodies–In the plasma–Responsible for blood-type
characteristics at the same time
History
---- In 1900,Karl Landsteiner found 4 different kinds of
blood –A,B,AB and O(A-B-O system).
----A few years later, starting around 1937, a series of
antigen-antibody reactions were discovered in blood, the
most common ones being ABH, MN, Rh, and Gm (over
100 antigens exist).
Part two ABO blood type
• Type O—46%• Type A—40%• Type B—10%• Type AB—4%
Average Percents…
4 blood types
SurfaceAntigens
Antibodies
A A Anti-B
B B Anti-A
AB A, B none
O none Anti-AAnti-B
ABO Antigens and Antibodies
Homologous Chromosomes
Genes
From Father From Mother
Diploid = Two copies of each type of chromosome
Loci = Physical position of a gene on a chromosome
Allele = Alternate forms of a gene:
Alleles have the same position (locus) on a pair of homologous chromosomes
ABO TYPE
Phenotype Genotype
A AA or AO
B AA or BO
AB AB
O OO
FatherA
+ MotherB
Child?
A O B B
A B B O
Child1 Child2
Other Examples
Mom Dad Offspring Blood Group
AA BB 100% AB
AO BB 50% each of AB or B
AO BO 4 kinds of blood group
AA BO 50% each of AB or A
Part three —Detecting ABO blood groups
(1) Experimental purposes
(2) Experiment principle
(3) Experimental procedures
Experimental purposes
------to grasp the method of ABO blood tpying
-----To be familiar with agglutination reactions
of RBCs and judge the agglutination result.
Experiment principle of Blood Typing
Antigen –antibody reactions
Specific antigen on the surface of blood and serum
antibody in the plazma can particularly combine and
cause agglutination reactions.
ABO Blood Typing
• Antigen –antibody agglutination reactions
phenomenon Results Meaning
Agglutination + With relevant antigens
_ With no relevant antigens
Experimental procedures
Take fingertip blood
agglutination reactions
judgement of results
to be prepared - Mark
With saline
A B
Collect blood
Sterilize
Pierce
Squeeze
Mix up
saline RBCssuspension
2 drops blood
2 drops blood A B
anti -A anti -B
A tube B tube
2 drops Mix A B
Place in a room temperature for 15mins
Whether agglutination
A B
• Agglutination is positive. ( +)• No agglutination is negative.( --)
Results - ABO Positive typing
Antibodies
known
Unknown cells1
Unknown cells2
Unknown cells3
Unknown cells4
A(anti-A) + _ + _
B(anti-B) _ + + _
Results A B AB O
Experiment contents To test the two unknown samples
x1 x2
Anti-B Anti-A Anti-BAnti-Ax1 x2
Anti-B Anti-A Anti-BAnti-A
x1 x2
Place in a room temperature for 15min
Mix up
Test report (1) Experimental purposes
(2) Experiment principle
(3) Experimental procedures
(4) Experimental results
(5) Experimental analysis
Thank you!
E-mail:[email protected]:13888835457
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