Benvindo Maçãs

INIAV, IP

Seminar: HOW TO FACE CLIMATE CHANGE

1/2/2017

A PLANT BREEDING APPROACH TO FACE

CLIMATE CHANGE

Applied Research

Mandatory activities

• National Reference Laboratories

• Genetic resources

INIAV - Mission

3

INIAV

Experimental Farms

Headquarters

Research Stations

9 > Centro Operativo e Tecnológico do Arroz

Salvaterra de Magos

10 > Estação Experimental António Teixeira

Coruche

11 > Herdade Monte dos Alhos

S. Domingos da Serra

12 > Posto de Culturas Regadas D. Manoel de Castello Branco

Alvalade do Sado

13 > Herdade da Fataca

Odemira

1 > Quinta do Marquês Oeiras

2 > Pólo de Merelim (BPGV)

Braga

3 > Pólo de Vairão

Vila do Conde

4 > Pólo de Alcobaça

5 > Pólo de Santarém

Quinta da Fonte Boa, Vale de Santarém

6 > Pólo de Dois Portos

Quinta da Almoínha

Dois Portos 7 > Pólo de Elvas

8 > Pólo de Lisboa

Tapada da Ajuda

Laboratories

14 > Genética Molecular Alter do Chão

15 > Veterinário Évora

15

14

For thousands of years farmers have adopted new crop species and

varities and adjusted their practices in accordance with changes in the

environment

As example, the Neolithic wheat dispersal (600-3000B.C.) resulted in a

broad ecological differentation as wheats adapted to different latitudes,

altitudes, soil moisture regimes and cultural practices

The Portuguese and Spanish settlers were also responsible for wheat

spread to almost all of the current production areas during the colonial

period.

CIMMYT Wheat Facts and Trends, 2001

Facing new scenarios of climate variability new approaches are

required for adaptation …..

Crop varieties, cropping systems and agricultural management

strategies are needed to provide options to farmers

Climate Change (?) – extreme weather events

8

Climate Change (?) – extreme weather events

Climate Change (?) – extreme weather events

Climate Change – Projected impacts on European

Union Agriculture (DG Agriculture 2008)

↑ Winter rainfall

(waterloging)

↓ Summer rainfall

↑ Drought risk

↑ Soil erosion risk

↑ Growth season

↑ Yield variability

↑ Water sea/lakes level

↑ Storms, waterloging

↑ Summer Temperature and

drought

↑ Growth season

↑ Yield

↑ Pests

↑ Defrost

↑ Winter rainfall

(waterloging)

↑ Water sea level

↑ Summer Temperature and

drought

↑ Yield variability

↑ Temperature

↓ Annual rainfall water

availability

↓ Heat and drought stress

↓ Yield

↓ Suitable crops

Expected Impacts of Climate Change on Crop

Production/Adaptation (Mediterranean Region)

Agricultural production may decline along Mediterranean and in South-Eastern

Europe

Change land use, with cropping becoming non-viable

Production of temperate fruits and nuts will drop because of reduced winter chill

Geographical spread of pests and diseases

Yields and/or quality of crops like wine grapes are likely to decrease

Increasing surface affected by desertification and salinization

Climate and its variability are largely

responsible for variation in crop suitability

and productivity in Portugal

Year Rainfall total Rainfall Winter Rainfall Temperatura Máxima Yield

(kg/ha) Março Abril Maio Março Abril Maio

1985/86 365,4 288,2 21,7 42,8 12,3 21,5 23,0 36,0 1383

1986/87 515,0 376,7 10,0 95,9 2,7 25,6 27,0 35,0 2280

1987/88 712,4 494,5 13,8 32,5 63,8 24,7 26,6 29,0 2500

1988/89 433,9 237,7 26,8 69,6 97,7 25,5 22,0 32,0 1900

1989/90 807,9 628,1 27,1 115,1 36,6 25,5 23,6 33,0 3000

1990/91 524,3 388,8 96,4 30,6 0,0 24,0 26,5 34,0 2324

1991/92 403,9 193,3 0,0 62,9 11,0 29,0 29,5 36,0 1270

1992/93 385,7 187,7 51,3 52,9 87,8 23,0 28,0 24,6 3150

1993/94 433,5 342,8 7,5 10,2 72,3 27,5 30,5 33,5 1950

1994/95 335,2 232,1 13,0 9,8 30,1 26,5 31,0 32,8 2300

1995/96 825,3 653,6 57,2 29,3 84,5 24,5 26,5 35,0 1810

1996/97 699,2 537,5 0,1 30,1 59,7 28,5 32,0 32,5 1060

1997/98 758,9 613,9 10,0 36,8 95,0 27,0 27,0 30,0 850

1998/99 240,0 129,5 63,0 16,0 23,6 24,0 30,5 35,0 1660

1999/00 463,4 254,8 14,0 140,6 49,8 26,0 22,0 34,0 1360

2000/01 765,6 590,6 127,1 0,4 37,4 23,2 26,0 36,5 800

2001/02 436,4 262,9 90,2 50,8 17,1 28,5 31,0 34,0 1500

2002/03 451,8 348,9 41,0 55,4 6,2 25,0 26,0 34,0 1250

2003/04 577,4 457,5 23,2 23,3 57,8 24,0 30,5 29,5 950

2004/05 284,0 194,7 31,7 10,1 43,1 26,5 31,0 34,0 920

2005/06 486,1 291,1 89,4 28,0 0,0 23,0 27,5 37,5 1690

2006/07 653,7 500,5 6,6 34,8 38,5 22,5 27,5 34,5 1000

2007/08 423,3 269,2 8,2 87,1 55,6 24,5 30,0 30,0 lost

2008/09 311,5 240,8 9,4 34,7 6,9 27,0 28,0 37,0 1226

2009/10 806,8 575,0 111,1 66,6 28,9 22,0 30,5 33,0 916

2010/11 656,7 412,7 65,9 73,5 88,3 24,5 30,5 35,5 1125

Mean 529,1 373,2 39,1 47,7 42,6 25,1 27,9 33,4 1584

Sd 177,8 157,8 37,2 34,1 31,6 2,0 2,9 2,9 669,0

Chickpea yield across years – Temperature x Rainfall interaction

Olive trees - Phenology

Azeiteira

Arbequina 1

Redondil

Carrasquenha de ElvasMaçanilha de Tavira

Cordovil de C. Branco

Blanqueta de Elvas

Cordovil de SerpaConserva de Elvas

Redondal

Cobrançosa

Galega Vulgar

Verdeal de Serpa

Verdeal Trás-os-Montes

Picual

Cornicabra

Cordovil Trás-os-Montes

Borrenta

Madural

Galego Grado de Serpa

Bico de Corvo 1

Gulosinha 1

Galego de Évora 1

CULTIVARES 24 302718 2112 156 9Abril Maio

27 30 3

Épocas floração de cultivares oliveira em Elvas (média 5 anos, 1998 a 2002)

Diferenças entre as cultivares: 1) datas de floração; 2) duração da floração

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

29

Abril

1

Maio

3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27

Meses do Ano

Perc

en

tag

em

de V

ari

ed

ad

es

(%) 1998

1999200020012002Ano Médio

A floração é também condicionada por fatores climáticos, particularmente pela temperatura.

17º; 17º; 18º; 19ºC

21º; 24º; 25º; 18ºC

As in the past genetic resources will be one of the most important keys to promote ADAPTATION.

Allium sativum L.

Capsicum spp.

Phaseolus vulgaris L.

Secale cereale L.

Solanum lycopersicum L.

Zea mays L.

Olive trees - Phenology

Azeiteira

Arbequina 1

Redondil

Carrasquenha de ElvasMaçanilha de Tavira

Cordovil de C. Branco

Blanqueta de Elvas

Cordovil de SerpaConserva de Elvas

Redondal

Cobrançosa

Galega Vulgar

Verdeal de Serpa

Verdeal Trás-os-Montes

Picual

Cornicabra

Cordovil Trás-os-Montes

Borrenta

Madural

Galego Grado de Serpa

Bico de Corvo 1

Gulosinha 1

Galego de Évora 1

CULTIVARES 24 302718 2112 156 9Abril Maio

27 30 3

Épocas floração de cultivares oliveira em Elvas (média 5 anos, 1998 a 2002)

Diferenças entre as cultivares: 1) datas de floração; 2) duração da floração

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

29

Abril

1

Maio

3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27

Meses do Ano

Perc

en

tag

em

de V

ari

ed

ad

es

(%) 1998

1999200020012002Ano Médio

A floração é também condicionada por fatores climáticos, particularmente pela temperatura.

17º; 17º; 18º; 19ºC

21º; 24º; 25º; 18ºC

Genetic Recombination – Artificial Crossing

A hibridação conduz à recombinação génica

Focus on genotype adaptation and

design of plant ideotypes

Field based phenotypic research programs and related breeding

efforts coordinated with the full spectrum of crop development

sciences

Requires testing across more locations and environments to face

greater local variability

(Experimental Stations network across countries and regions)

Wheat Ideotype South Project

Definition of wheat variety type (ideotype South) in face of current and future

climate risks in the Mediterranean region of southern Europe

Gréoux

INGC Tunisie Chebika

(Kairouan) Hakim (NW)

Elvas

Since 2011 - Common trials of bread and durum wheat in Portugal and France

Portugal INIAV - research institute, Ministry of Agriculture

ANPOC - Portuguese farmer’s association for cereals and pulses

France ARVALIS, Institut du Végétal - agricultural applied research French organization

2015: Tunisie INGC

Near future: Spain IRTA

Climate data 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16

PT FR PT FR PT FR PT FR PT FR

Rainfall

Total rainfall (mm) (1 oct - 30 jun) 239 551 589 690 475 576 450 622 554 390

Winter rainfall (mm) (jan, feb, mar) 8 37 263 193 205 281 72 173 132 121

Spring rainfall (mm) (apr, may, jun) 74 201 38 183 91 129 148 220 200 139

Number of days with rainfall (1 oct - 30 jun) 60 92 107 113 87 138 62 133 73 133

Temperatures – heading + grain filling (1 apr -15 jun)

Average of max. Temp (°C) 24 22 24 21 26 23 29 24 25 22

Number of days temp >25°C 35 26 39 14 48 16 53 48 31 15

Number of days temp >30°C 20 4 13 1 21 8 36 12 8 0

Total rainfall in southeast France was always higher than in the south Portugal.

Major difference between Elvas and Gréoux-les-Bains is the rain distribution during spring, which is

markedly more irregular (and scarce, 2012 and 2013) at Elvas concerning the quantity (mm) and the

distribution (number of days with precipitation).

The significant difference that is noted for the number of days with temperatures above 25ºC and 30ºC,

during this period, confirms that wheat crop is submitted to a much more severe stress in Portugal, which

was the main reason why ARVALIS decided to join Portuguese cereal group to conduct trials in this

environment, facing future scenarios that are expected as a consequence of climate change that may occur

in Mediterranean south region of France.

To study and evaluate the performance and response of French and

Portuguese bread and durum wheat varieties and advance lines obtained

by INIAV, in both countries.

To define best fit traits of a new plant (wheat) ideotype enabling agricultural

systems adaptation to major environmental constraints – climate change.

To adjust inputs management (nitrogen, water, pesticides) fitting on-going

crop season potential - climatic potential, increasing inputs use efficiency

• Exploring Portuguese germplasm – genetic variability

• Adaptation strategy to fight against climate change impacts on crops yields -

Breeding new wheat varieties

Portuguese Network of Experimental Field Stations

• INIAV • Regional Services of Min. of Agriculture

• Polytechnic Schools of Agriculture

INIAV – National Plant Breeding Station

Focus on Climate change

National Research Platform for Climate Change Studies