A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE ON3D CADASTRAL DEVELOPMENT

MILA KOEVA , ROHAN BENNETT, JAAP ZEVENBERGEN

INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE ON APPLIED SCIENCES

27-30SEPTEMBER 2016 - ANTALYA/TURKEY

"SPATIAL DATA PROCESSING, MODELLING, ANALYSING AND MANAGEMENT FOR KNOWLEDGE

BASED SYSTEMS"

Trends

3D cadastre – why?

Usefulness of 3D cadastre

3D cadastre concepts

No fully operating cadastre – why?

3D data

3D cadastre status

3D cadastre future

CONTENT

TRENDS

The world is changing…

Fast technological development

Automation of most of the cadastral

tasks is inevitable

Sensors everywhere (on the parcels) – BIG DATA

Crowd sourcing – we all can provide data as well

Typical work of the surveyors – replaced by cadastrobots

Surveyors - managers, leaders and advisors

Temporal aspect (4D)

http://www.itc.nl/library/papers_2015/pres/bennett_int_ppt.pdf

To address the trends

Global ubanization

Complexity of the new structures

and related RRRs

Buildings within other buildings

Constructions above or bellow roads

(tunnels, bridges)

Telecommunication and electric

utilities on land ownership

Overlapping private properties

3D CADASTRE – WHY?

The 2D approach is not so efficient in complex,

modern structures and also it’s hardly understandable.

By providing 3D representation of the RRRs with corresponding legal and

phisical boundaries 3D cadastre can be very useful for:

Urban planning

Property management

Real estate management

Urban facility management

Disaster management

Noise emission mapping

Navigation, public, safety…

USEFULNESS OF 3D CADASTRE

3D land and property information users

What is Full 3D cadaster?

Introduce concept of 3D

property rights

3D space divided into

volumes without overlaps or gaps

Changes needed to legal basis

and transaction protocols

3D CADASTRE CONCEPTS

Hybrid

Register 3D physical objects within the 2D

parcels(legal registration)

Exact legal situation is derived from the

official documents

Classical with references

Preserve 2D cadastre with external

references to representations of digital 3D

situations

Various implementations: tag 3D situations in

cadastre or to add a reference to a 3D digital

descriptions (e.g. CAD file)

Microstation for visualisation of 3D geo-objects stored in DBMS

(van Oosterom, Stoter, Ploeger, Thompson, & Karki, 2011)

A VRML representation of 2D cadastral data and 3D object in DBMS

What about 4D Cadastre?

Although many activities and studies have been done for 3D

cadaster, there is no fully operating 3D cadaster in the

world

Why?

Because of the cultural and historical differences which

influence the technical, legal and institutional aspects of

land registration.

NO FULLY OPERATING CADASTRE – WHY?

(van Oosterom, Stoter, Ploeger, Thompson, & Karki, 2011)

Technical aspects

3D Data acquisition techniques

Laser scanning (airborne and terrestrial)

Digital imagery (aircraft, UAV and terrestrial)

Mobile mapping systems

NO FULLY OPERATING CADASTRE – WHY?

Cloud

Apps

3D, 4D, 5D etc.

3D CADASTRE

Legal and institutional aspects

3D Cadastre is only possible when the juridical framework provides the possibility

to establish volume parcels and 3D properties.

Norway and Sweden have passed the laws for proper registration of 3D parcels

Denmark, Israel, Greece and other European countries already has some

systems for registration of 3D geo-objects and properties in Cadastre.

The gap between technical development and legal basis should be closed!

3D DATA

Collection

Management

Visualisation

&

Analysis

Sharing

www. esri.com

Data collection - challenges

• Formats

• Quality

• Availability

• Metadata

• Update

• Automatization

“BIG DATA”

3D DATA

Visualisation – users, purposes

Analysis – geoprocessing opportunities

Management – editing, storing, pricing

Sharing – use, publishing, dessimination (eg.Google Earth)

3D DATA

(Mao, 2010)

3D spacial database, management and storing (3D geometry, topology and validation should be concidered) (3DCityDB)

3D SDI

3D CADASTRE STATUS Regitered 3D real-world situations:

Australia, Canada, Croatia, China, Cyprus,

Finland, Denmark, Germany, Norway, Israel,

Sweden, Malaysia, and Portugal.

3D properties that are related to physical constructions:

Australia, Sweden, China.

Height information (Z) in cadastre:

Poland, Hungary, China, Costa Rica, Malaise, Serbia, Singapore.

RRR: In most countries the responcibility for registration helds by land registry

(Exceptions are Singapour – cad agencies and Sweden - cadastre)

Digital cadastre database:

Partly in China, Australia.

In Germany and Croatia it is closely aligned with LADM.

FIG 3D cadstre questionaire, 2014-2018

www. esri.com

3D CADASTRE STATUS

3D information on cadastre plans: Australia Queensland, Canada, China,

Germany, Sweden, Malaysia

Display vertical profiles: Quebec, Canada, trinidad and Tobaco

Validation: most jurisdictions perform manual or visual

validation of the survey plans

Usage of BIM for 3D cadastre:

mostly is considered as uture work,

only seen in Costa Rica

Dessimination of 3D data via web:

Quebec, Canada, Brazil, Cina, Croatia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Germany

Formats: DXF, 3D pdf, sketch up, KML, 3DS, CityGML, 3D shapes, VRML etc.

FIG 3D cadstre questionaire, 2014-2018

“Building a Nationwide 3D Model of the Netherlands”

National height model AHN and topographic data TOP10NL

The challenges: How to create semantically correct 3D

landscape model and how to handle with huge data processing

2011 Netherlands developed national standard on

3D geo-information “3D standard NL”

More than 65 private, public, scientific

organizations collaborated

Many data supliers provided their 2D and

3D data (point clouds, panoramas, topographic

and terrestrial datasets)

2013 Netherlands accepted 3D pdf in cadastre.

3D data is expensive and should be shared effectively.

(J.Storter, S.O.Elberink)

Netherlands

3D CADASTRE STATUS

Istanbul

Kayseri

Mardin

Nevşehir-Cappadocia)

New building data model CityGML-TRKBIS.BI (provides integration between

national model and international City GML standard was proposed)

Turkey

Ates Aydar, S., Stoter, J., Ledoux, H., Demir Ozbek, E., & Yomralioglu, T. (2016).

http://wcadastre.org/files/handouts/114.pdf

The need for 3D Cadastre was reported in 2011

Fatih Doner, Osman Demir and Cemal Biyik

Looking forward to understand more…

3D CADASTRE STATUS

Development of 3D/4D geo-information systems

Innovations in visualisation of 3D data (web-based, augmented reality,

intaractivity etc.)

3D SDBMS – including 2D and 3D data and developing dimention-

independent topological and geometrical models

Still remaining questions?

What is the best methods to be used for successful implementation of 3D

Cadastre?

How to maintain the 3D data?

3D CADASTRE FUTURE

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION !