A DISTRICT SCALE RESOURCE DEVELOPER AND ......2018/11/18 · 9. Alio Gold –Ana Paula GGB Deposit...
Transcript of A DISTRICT SCALE RESOURCE DEVELOPER AND ......2018/11/18 · 9. Alio Gold –Ana Paula GGB Deposit...
A DISTRICT SCALE
RESOURCE DEVELOPER AND EXPLORER
FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION AND STATEMENTS
This presentation contains “forward-looking information” and “forward-looking statements” within the meaning ofapplicable securities laws. This information and statements address future activities, events, plans, developmentsand projections. All statements, other than statements of historical fact, constitute forward-looking statementsor forward-looking information. Such forward-looking information and statements are frequently identified bywords such as “may”, “will”, “should”, “anticipate”, “plan”, “expect”, “believe”, “estimate”, “intend” and similarterminology and reflect assumptions, estimates, opinions and analysis made by management of Defiance in lightof its experience, current conditions, expectations of future developments and other factors which it believes tobe reasonable and relevant. Forward-looking information and statements involve known and unknown risks anduncertainties that may cause Defiance’s actual results, performance and achievements to differ materially fromthose expressed or implied by the forward-looking information and statements and accordingly, undue relianceshould not be placed thereon. Risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to vary include but are notlimited to the speculative nature of mineral exploration and development, including the uncertainty of reserveand resource estimates; operational and technical difficulties; the availability of suitable financing alternatives;fluctuations in gold and other commodity prices; changes to and compliance with applicable laws and regulations,including environmental laws and obtaining requisite permits; political, economic and other risks arising fromDefiance’s South American activities; fluctuations in foreign exchange rates; as well as other risks anduncertainties which are more fully described in our annual and quarterly Management’s Discussion and Analysisand in other filings made by us with Canadian securities regulatory authorities and available at www.sedar.com.Defiance disclaims any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking information or statements except asmay be required by law.
NI43-101 DISCLOSURE:
Peter J. Hawley, P. Geo., a Qualified Person under the meaning of Canadian National Instrument 43-101 is responsiblefor the technical information in this presentation.
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DISCLAIMER
FOCUS ON MEXICO
❖ A leading Mexico focused explorer
❖ An advanced portfolio of silver and gold-copper
projects:
San Acacio, Zacatecas – Maiden Resource
Tepal Project – PFS Level Reserve/Resource3
Defiance Silver Corp.
MEXICAN ASSETS
TECHNICAL DISCUSSION
• TWO DEFINED RESOURCES
• EXCELLENT JURISDICTIONS
• A THRIVING MINING ECONOMY
• ACCESS TO EXPERIENCED MEXICAN
LABOUR
• EXCELLENT INFRASTRUCTURE
• HISTORICAL PRODUCTION
• SURROUNDED BY ESTABLISHED
EXPLORERS AND DEVELOPERS.
4Two emerging jurisdictions with district scale growth potential
Guadalajara
Ciudad México
Acapulco
Lázaro Cárdenas
Manzanillo
Puerto Vallarta
Mazatlán
Oaxaca
SELECTED MINES AND DEPOSITS
SOUTHERN MEXICO
1. Defiance Silver – San Acacio LS Ag Mine
2. Defiance Silver - Tepal Au-Cu Resource
3. Endeavour Silver – Terronera LS Deposit
4. Agnico Eagle – Barqueño LS? Deposit
5. Evrim Resources – Cuales HS Prospect
6. Solaris Copper – La Verde Cu-Au-Ag deposit
7. Teslon Mining – Campo Morado VMS
8. Peñoles - Rey de Plata CRD Mine
9. Alio Gold – Ana Paula GGB Deposit
10. Torex Gold – ELG and CML GGB Mines
11. Leagold – Los Filos GGB Mine
12. Fortuna Silver – San Jose LS Mine
13. Candelaria Res. – Caballo Blanco HS Au
Deposit
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LS Low Sulphidation Epithermal (Ag-Pb-Zn)
HS High Sulphidation Epithermal (Au(Ag), Cu
VMS Volcanogenic massive sulphide Zn (Cu) (Ag,Au,Pb)
CRD Carbonate Replacement Deposit Zn (Ag, Pb)
GGB Guerrero Gold Belt Skarn-Porphyry Au (Cu, Fe)
Inset map showing tectono-stratigraphic terranes, after Centeno-García E et al. Geological Society of America Special Papers 2008;436:279-308
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THE MEXICAN ALTIPLANOAN ESTABLISHED MINING DISTRICT
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SAN ACACIO PROJECT
A High-Grade, Wide-Vein
Silver-Lead-Zinc Epithermal Vein System
“BUILDING A STRATEGIC LAND BASE”
ZA
CA
TE
CA
S, M
EX
ICO
✓ Recently acquired MAG Silver’s
Zacatecas Holdings
✓ Doubled the San Acacio land
package to 1506 has.
✓ A strategic location in a mining
district that dates back to colonial
history.
✓ Several district mines continue in
operation and development today.
✓ Neighbours include the districts
largest operator, Capstone
Mining’s Cozamin Mine, producing
1Moz Ag, 36.9Mlb Cu & 9.3Mlb Zn
in 2017 (2017 Capstone Mining Financials).
✓ AN excellent infrastructure with
paved roads, access to the state
power grid and a skilled Mexican
labour force, mining friendly.
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SAN ACACIO PROJECTS
CONSOLIDATING A MINING DISTRICT
Extending a footprint in an important mining camp(Defiance Silver News Release June 13, 2018)
Zacatecas State
San Acacio
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SAN ACACIO MINE PROJECT
HISTORIC MINING DISTRICT
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Historic district production is estimated
to be 750,000,000 ounces of silver from
20 million tonnes grading over 900 g/t
silver and approximately 2.5 g/t gold.(Consejo de Recursos Minerales; Cardenas et al 1992).
The San Acacio mine was historically
mined to a maximum depth of 120meters, to the base of the oxide zone, at
approx. grades of 200 g/t silver not
including by-product.
The San Acacio Mine was mined along a
1.2km portion of a 5.6 Km strike length
controlled by Defiance Silver.
A historic production estimate indicate
approximately 750,000 to 1,000,000
tonnes of ore was mined with grades
exceeding 1kg/t Ag at San Acacio.(Atlas Mining, SEC filings)2014 NI43-01 Report, Defiance Silver.E
stab
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ed
Min
ing D
istr
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MAG Silver Corp Invests in Exploration Upside
Dr. Peter Megaw
MAG Silver’s Chief Exploration Officer
“…MAG chose to partner with Defiance because of our long-held interest in the exploration potential of the Veta Grande Vein, the second
most important vein in the billion-ounce Zacatecas silver district. A number of high-grade ore-shoots have been found along its length and the ability to expand exploration to a continuous 5.6 km stretch of this
historically under-explored vein greatly enhances the potential for discovering more. This strategic interest in Defiance provides MAG with exposure to the upside of future discoveries as their exploration of this
important vein advances.”
(See Defiance News Release June 13, 2018)
SAN ACACIO PROJECTS
LAGARTO PROJECT ACQUISITION
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AC
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➢ Adds 14 key contiguous and non-contiguous concessions totalling 800 has.
➢ Adds important strike/dip potential to the San Acacio claims on the historic Veta Grande Vein system.
➢ Shares a border on trend SE of Santacruz Silver Mining Ltd. Contracuña Mine.
➢ Adds a large claim block on the Malanoche vein system, currently being mined by Capstone Mining Corp.; at their Cozamin Mine.
➢ Regional database that cost over $10 million to assemble, including:
➢ A drill database for 90 holes, extensive geochemistry, geophysics, satellite imagery, and detailed drill logs from over 135,000ha of ground covering the Zacatecas Silver District to the Fresnillo Silver District.
➢ An important upside exploration potential:
➢ Significant drilling highlights include:
850 g/t (24.8 ounces per tonne) silver over 0.95 meters; 417 g/t (12.1 ounces per tonne) silver over 1.0 meter
DEFIANCE SILVER NOW CONTROLS A TOTAL OF 1506 HAS IN THE
IMPORTANT ZACATECAS MINING DISTRICT.
SAN ACACIO PROJECTS
LAGARTO PROJECT ACQUISITION
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NE
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SAN ACACIO MINE PROJECT
2014 MAIDEN INFERRED RESOURCE
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Deposit Type Silver-lead-zinc epithermal
Stage 43-101 Inferred Resource
Location 5km SW of Veta Grande, Zacatecas, MX
8 km Northeast of Zacatecas City
Infrastructure Excellent road, power grid, water and experienced Mexican labour
Ownership Under Option
Royalties 2.5% ROFR
Land Package 1506 ha
AgEq Cut-off Tonnes > Cut-off Grade>Cut-off Contained Metal
Vein (g/t) (tonnes) Ag(g/t) Au (g/t)AgEq
(g/t)Ag (ozs) Au (ozs) AgEq (ozs)
VETA G 100 2,150,000 192.43 0.19 204.66 13,302,000 10,000 14,147,000
VETA C 100 739,000 153.28 0.08 158.66 3,642,000 1,900 3,770,000
VETA B 100 13,000 76.53 0.45 105.98 32,000 190 44,000
TOTAL 100 2,902,000 181.94 0.16 192.5 16,976,000 12090 17,961,000
VETA G 120 2,020,000 197.97 0.2 210.64 12,857,000 10,000 13,680,000
VETA C 120 658,000 158.79 0.09 164.48 3,359,000 1,900 3,480,000
TOTAL 120 2,678,000 188.34 0.17 199.3 16,216,000 11,900 17,160,000
The San Acacio Deposit has a 43-101 Inferred Mineral Resource Estimate available on www.sedar.com or www.defiancesilver.com. Using a silver equivalent (“AgEq”)* cut-off grade
of 100 grams tonne (“g/t”). Using a gold price of $1270/ oz Au and silver price of $19.60 the silver equivalent value would be silver content plus 65 times the gold content. (Note:
total contained AgEq values may not add exactly because of rounding). Metallurgical recoveries are not taken into account. Giroux and Cuttle, 2014 NI43-101.
A C
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SA17-140.6m @ 276.74
g/t AgEq
SA17-1310.0m @ 204.65 g/t AgEq
SA95-393.0m @ 125.12 g/t AgEq
SA17-1227.03m @ 202.99 g/t AgEq`
SA95-16 1.4m @ 190.00 g/t AgEqAnd
12.74m @ 285.31 AgEq
SA95-154.1m @ 120.13 g/t AgEq
And9.2m @ 299.94 g/t AgEq
SA95-393.4m @ 75.57 g/t AgEq
SA17-140.88m @ 236.21
g/t AgEq
SA17-140.3m @ 520.27
g/t AgEq
Cross Section L9700E: 2017 Drill core Assay Results shown with historic results from 1995 drilling. Viewed northwesterly.
SA17-14
SA17-13
SA95-16
SA17-12
SA95-39
SA95-39
SA95-15
SA95-16
SA17-12
SA17-13
SA17-14
SA95-15
Hole_ID From (m) To (m) Length (m) Ag g/t Au g/t AgEq g/t
SA17-12 226.62 253.65 27.03 148.2 0.29 202.99
Includes 226.62 234.20 7.58 212.9 0.05 230.03
Includes 238.00 243.00 5.00 230.7 0.51 354.97
Includes 247.60 253.65 6.05 122.1 0.74 222.59
SA17-13 261.00 271.00 10.00 171.2 0.08 204.65
Includes 261.00 264.00 3.00 372.2 0.10 404.03
Includes 266.00 271.00 5.00 104.4 0.08 136.15
SA17-14 308.07 308.67 0.60 139.5 0.40 276.74
SA17-14 314.12 315.00 0.88 213.8 0.30 236.21
SA17-14 318.00 318.30 0.30 477.6 0.46 520.27
SA17-15 209.82 213.00 3.18 285.0 0.02 296.30
SA17-16 393.30 399.48 6.18 7.4 0.25 65.88
SA17-17 439.13 440.14 1.01 33.9 0.12 187.85
Drill Results: Selected assay intervals from 2017 phase II drill program
SAN ACACIO MINE PROJECT
2017 DRILL RESULTS
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Up
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Initial drill results demonstrate a potential to increase the current resource by drilling
on strike and at depth along the Veta Grande Vein System.
✓ San Acacio is at an early
development phase similar to
where the Cozamin mine was
before it became a major mining
operation
✓ Defiance Drilling confirms
geological model of high level
Silver/Lead/Zinc zones near
surface, and indications of
Gold/Copper zones at depth
✓ San Acacio has wide veins. Wide
vein widths are important for
profitable mining tonnage
✓ Width of mineralized
intersections range from 5-27m
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AN ESTABLISHED GEOLOGICAL
MODEL DRIVEN EXPLORATION
Th
e Z
acate
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Mo
del
OPEN
IP Survey
Location
NW Property Boundary
Calcite
Upper sulfides
Amethyst Zone
Sulphide Zone
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Another 4.4 km remains
Underexplored on Strike
E
0 200
Metres
San Acacio Mine Vertical Long Section viewed northeast.
Shows mine workings, drill holes.
Santacruz’s Contrcuña Mine
✓ NW-SE Trending IP
anomaly located near
surface
✓Successfully Located
vein beneath thin cover
✓Detected a new
anomaly in vein footwall
at 200m depthIP Survey Plan view north IP Survey 3D Chargeability Inversion model – Oblique view north
1.2 Km Strike of Current
Resource
NEW DISCOVERY POTENTIAL
COINCIDENT ANOMALIES
Down dip remains under explored
A N
ew
Un
test
ed
Targ
et
Atomic Energy Resonance
Imaging Survey (AERI)
✓ Confirmation of IP
Anomaly is a technical
success.
✓ Anomaly measures
400m in width, 300m in
length, and is open.
✓ Shape, size and mineral
zonation compares
favourably with
geophysical images
generated by Capstone
Mining on their nearby
Cozamin Mine at depth
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NEW DISCOVERY POTENTIAL
A NEW EXPLORATION TARGET
AERI survey independently confirms the IP geophysical anomaly
AERI results extends the IP anomaly to a depth of 1000m from surface
Co
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SAN ACACIO PROJECT
EXPLORATION PLANS
San Acacio is drill ready and permitted
Two Important Targets for Follow Up:
1. Increase the resource. The Veta Grande Vein System:
Follow up 2017 phase 1 drill program that successfully extended mineralization by 140m
below the base of the maiden resource, improved the resource grade, and extended the
strike potential of the vein by 550m. Phase 2 drilling seeks to expand on this success. (Phase
1 drilling completed 5000m in 17 shallow diamond drill holes).
2. New Discovery potential. The new coincident IP/AERI geophysical targets identified in 2017
add an important new discovery potential.
Coincident Induced Polarization (IP) and Atomic Energy Resonance Imaging (AERI)
geophysical surveys independently defined a large anomaly below the area of shallow
drilling that merits follow up drilling
Next Steps
1. Update the resource - Phase 2 drilling of the Veta Grande vein. Follow up of Phase 1.
2. Test the new discovery potential - Drill the IP/AERI geophysical anomaly.
3. Prep for phase 3 along remainder of the Veta Grand vein controlled by Defiance:
• Property scale geophysics
• Property scale mapping, updated sections, geochemistry etc.
• Review the San Acacio option agreement, terms successfully extended to 2020.
Up
sid
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xp
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Guadalajara
Ciudad México
Acapulco
Lázaro Cárdenas
Manzanillo
Puerto Vallarta
Mazatlán
Oaxaca
SELECTED MINES AND DEPOSITS
SOUTHERN MEXICO
1. Defiance Silver – San Acacio LS Ag Mine
2. Defiance Silver – Tepal Au-Cu Resource
3. Endeavour Silver – Terronera LS Deposit
4. Agnico Eagle – Barqueño LS? Deposit
5. Evrim Resources – Cuales HS Prospect
6. Solaris Copper – La Verde Cu-Au-Ag deposit
7. Teslon Mining – Campo Morado VMS
8. Peñoles - Rey de Plata CRD Mine
9. Alio Gold – Ana Paula GGB Deposit
10. Torex Gold – ELG and CML GGB Mines
11. Leagold – Los Filos GGB Mine
12. Fortuna Silver – San Jose LS Mine
13. Candelaria Res. – Caballo Blanco HS Au
Deposit
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LS Low Sulphidation Epithermal (Ag-Pb-Zn)
HS High Sulphidation Epithermal (Au(Ag), Cu
VMS Volcanogenic massive sulphide Zn (Cu) (Ag,Au,Pb)
CRD Carbonate Replacement Deposit Zn (Ag, Pb)
GGB Guerrero Gold Belt Skarn-Porphyry Au (Cu, Fe)
Inset map showing tectono-stratigraphic terranes, after Centeno-García E et al. Geological Society of America Special Papers 2008;436:279-308
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SOUTHERN MEXICO
AN UNDEREXPLORED AU-CU-AG BELT
A large Gold-Copper advanced stage deposit with
district scale growth potential.
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TEPAL PROJECT
A 4M OZ AUEQ RESOURCE
MIC
HO
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, M
EX
ICO
✓ A large-scale Au-Cu deposit in a
mining friendly and secure
jurisdiction
✓ 100% ownership
✓ Current M&I resource of 4.0 Moz.
AuEq. (Using US$1250./oz. Au,
US$2.50/lb. Cu, $18.00 Ag)
✓ C$27M spent to-date
✓ Excellent infrastructure: road
accessible, water, and port facilities
✓ Surface rights are private
landowners.
✓ Power - 50 megawatts available today
(28 MW required). Main Power grid
is 14 kilometres from site. 10 Kv is
1.5 Km away.
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TEPAL PROJECT
“CHECKS ALL THE BOXES”
Concession Title Issuance date Hectares
Tepal 219924 06/05/2003 986
Tepal Fracc. 1 216874 04/06/2002 140
Tepal Fracc. 2 216875 04/06/2002 70
Tepal Fracc. 3 216876 04/06/2002 90
La Esperanza Fracc. 1 216873 04/06/2002 120
Total 1406
Tepal Fracc 3
Tepal Fracc 1
Tepal
La EsperanzaTepal
Fracc 2
Inset: State of Michoacan
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TEPAL PROJECTNI 43-101 M&I RESOURCE ESTIMATE
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1. Au = gold, Cu = copper, Ag = silver, Mo = molybdenum, g/t = grams per tonne, % = percent, oz. = ounces, lbs. = pounds,
The in situ resource stated in the table conforms to CIM guidelines for reasonable potential for economic extraction and is not to be confused as reserves.
2. Resource numbers above are rounded to nearest 100,000 tonnes and may not add up, 1,000 oz Au, 1,000,000 lbs Cu and 1,000 oz.
3. AuEq 2 uEq = gold equivalent and is calculated using gold and copper only using USD $1000 Au, USD $2.75 Cu metal prices (AuEq = (lbs. Cu*$2.75/$1000) + Au oz)
After JDS 2017 PEA..
Updated Resource Estimate
DepositResource
CategoryTonnage (kt)2
Average Grade1 Contained Metal
Au (g/t) Cu (%) Ag (g/t) Mo (%) Au (Koz) Cu (Mlb) AuEq3 (koz)
Tepal North
Measured 14,000 0.50 0.29 0.78 0.002 228 89 473
Indicated 55,000 0.30 0.21 1.01 0.002 533 252 1,226
M + I 69,000 0.34 0.22 0.96 0.002 761 341 1,699
Tepal South
Measured 20,000 0.47 0.22 1.07 0.002 300 96 564
Indicated 21,000 0.45
0.20 1.17 0.002 305 91 555
M + I 41,000 0.46 0.21 1.12 0.002 605 187 1,119
Tizate
Measured - - - - - - - -
Indicated 77,000 0.18 0.17 2.29 0.006 438 285 1,222
M + I 77,000 0.18 0.17 2.29 0.006 438 285 1,222
Total
Measured 34,000 0.48 0.25 0.95 0.002 528 185 1,037
Indicated 153,000 0.26 0.19 1.67 0.004 1,276 628 3,003
M + I 187,000 0.30 0.20 1.54 0.004 1,804 813 4,040
Inferred 35,000 0.16 0.15 1.68 0.006 182 120 512
A 4 million ounce gold equivalent resource (Au-Cu)
Pre-tax NPV5%
$299M
$0
$200
$400
$600
$800
$1,000
$1,200
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Co
st/oz. (U
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An
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)
LOM Production & Cash Costs
Au AuEq. AISC/oz.
Pre-tax IRR
$36%
Payback
1.6 Yrs
Post-tax NPV5%
$169M
Post-tax IRR
$24%
Payback
2.3 Yrs
Production Averages
LOM 10 Years
Au: 79,000 oz
Cu: 32Mlbs
LOM 10 Years Per Oz Au Cost
Avg cash cost $313/oz AISC $396/oz
Initial Capital Cost
$214M
LOM
10 Years
Using base case price assumptions of $1,250/oz. gold, $2.50/lb copper and $18.00/oz. silver, Tepal has an estimated $169 million after-tax NPV at a 5% discount rate, an attractive 24% after-tax IRR, and an after-
tax payback period of 2.3 years. Base case LOM revenue split is 54% gold/43% copper/3% silver. The base case economic evaluation used metals prices that are close to current spot prices and near the median of
current medium to long term analyst forecasts. After-tax economics were prepared using the following assumptions: a 2.5% Net Smelter Return (NSR) royalty, 0.5% Mexican royalty based on precious metals
revenue, 7.5% Mexican royalty based on EBITDA, 12% annual depreciation rate, accumulated tax loss carry forward of US$22.4 million, and a 30% Mexican income tax rate. Please see News Release dated
January 29, 2017
(1) Using US$1,250/oz. Au price, US$2.50/lb. Cu price and US$18.00/oz. Ag price
(2) Cash cost includes all mining, milling & refining, transport, mine-level G&A, and royalty costs; net of byproduct credits
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LOW COST, ACCRETIVE & LARGE
2017 PEA HIGHLIGHTS ($USD)R
eso
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igh
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Assumptions used to Estimate the 2017 PEA Economics
Table 1: Flotation Concentrate & Tails Cyanidation Recovery
Estimates
Tepal Recovery Flotation Tails Cyanidation Combined Recovery
Copper % 88.2 88.2
Gold % 62.4 16.5 78.9
Silver % 27.4 15.5 40.2
Tizate Recovery
Copper % 85.9 85.9
Gold % 58.0 16.0 74.0
Silver % 59.6 18.5 78.1
Table 2: Oxide Leach Recovery Estimates
Tepal Recovery
Gold % 83.2
Silver % 63.3
Tizate Recovery
Gold % 75.2
Silver % 55.9
TEPAL PROJECT
METALLURGY
Two independent processing circuits:
1. Oxide Milling (~13% of total material)
Recovery averages 81% Au, 60% Ag.
Grind -> CIL -> Doré -> Refiners.
2. Sulphide Milling (~87% of total material)
Recovery averages 77% Au, 65% Ag, 87% Cu.
Concentrate -> Smelters, Doré -> Refiners.
Average Concentrate Grade: 26% Cu, 28 g/t
Au, 99 g/t Ag.
Concentrate is very clean and in demand.
No smelter penalties.
Ideal for blending. 98% of the mine plan material is measured and indicated
2% of the mine plan material is inferred
The base case used metals prices of USD$1250 gold, $2.50 copper, $18.00 silver.
Recoveries are based on Tables 1 nd 2 summarized from 2017 PEA, JDS..
Standard industry processes that are simple and familiar22
Reso
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Operating AssumptionsMillions
($USD)
Pre-Production Capital Costs $214.2
Sustaining Capital Costs $86.7
Mine Life 9.8 years
Total Material Mined 142.9 Mt
Strip Ratio 0.6 : 1
Average Plant Throughput (Sulphide + Oxide) 9.6 Mtpa
Average Au Sulphide Head Grade 0.33 g/t
Average Cu Sulphide Head Grade 0.21%
Average Au Oxide Head Grade 0.45 g/t
LOM Average Au Sulphide Recovery (combined Flotation & CIL) 77%
LOM Average Cu Sulphide Recovery 87%
LOM Average Au Oxide Recovery 81%
(1) $USD Cash cost includes all mining, milling & refining, transport, mine-level G&A, and royalty costs.
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TEPAL PROJECT
2017 PEA ASSUMPTIONS
Operating Cost Assumptions Avg Annual (M$) $/t processed LOM (M$)
Mining* 31 3.30 299
Processing–Sulphide Flotation/Cyanidation 44 4.75 430
Processing–Oxide CIL 8 0.85 77
G&A 7 0.75 67
Total 90 9.65 873*Avg. LOM Mining $USD cost amounts to $2.16/t mined at a 0.6:1 strip ratio (excluding pre-production tonnes mined).
Totals may not add due to rounding
Source: JDS (2017)
Assumptions used to Estimate the 2017 PEA Economics
Reso
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Parameter Unit 2013 PFS 2017 PEA
Cu Price US$/lb 3.44 2.50
Au Price US$/oz 1389.95 1,250
Ag Price US$/oz 26.03 18.00
PRODUCTION
Mine Life Years 11.5 9.8
Total LOM Ore M tonnes 149.6 90.5
Total LOM Waste M tonnes 267.6 52.5
Total LOM Mined M tonnes 417.2 142.9
Strip Ratio w:o 1.8 0.6
Average Plant Throughput M tpa 13.0 9.6
Cu Head Grade – Sulphide % 0.20% 0.21%
Au Head Grade – Sulphide g/t 0.30 0.33
Ag Head Grade – Sulphide g/t 1.50 1.47
Au Head Grade – Oxide g/t 0.42 0.45
Ag Head Grade – Oxide g/t 1.25 1.11
Payable Cu LOM LOM M lbs 503.1 308.0
Payable Au LOM LOM k oz 1,164 766
Payable Ag LOM LOM k oz 2,952 2,458
OPEX
Mining $/tonne milled 4.09 3.30
Processing - Sulphide Flotation $/tonne milled 6.095.49
Processing - Sulphide Cyanidation $/tonne milled 0.87
Processing - Oxide Cyanidation $/tonne milled 6.82
Processing - Oxide CIL $/tonne milled 6.34
G&A $/tonne milled 0.54 0.75
Tailings $/tonne milled 0.03
Leasing Costs $/tonne milled 0.54
Total OPEX $/tonne milled 12.09 9.65
OTHER
Cash Cost (Net of By-Product Credits) $/Payable Au oz 170 313
Cash Cost (Net of By-Product Credits incl. of
Sustaining Capital) $/Payable Au oz 251 396
CAPEX
Pre-Production Capital $ M 353.8 214.2
Sustaining & Closure Capital $ M 43.6 86.7
Total Capital + Contingency $ M 397.4 300.9
ECONOMIC RESULTS
Pre-Tax NPV5% $ M 590.3 299.4
Pre-Tax IRR % 35.9% 35.9%
Pre-Tax Payback Period Years 2.7 1.6
After-Tax NPV5% $ M 421.2 169.4
After-Tax IRR % 27.7% 23.6%
After-Tax Payback Period Years 3.2 2.3
• Updated the economic base case metal
prices
• Revised Whittle pit optimization at lower
metal prices
• Revised process flow sheet consisting
primarily of:
– Reduction of the sulphide flotation
throughput from an average 37,000
t/d to 22,000 t/d
– Change from batch grinding oxide
material in the SAG and ball mills to
an independent oxide crushing and
grinding circuit
– Increase of oxide CIL retention time
from 8 hours to 24 hours
• Mining operating costs based on contractor
mining rates. Rented fleet vs owned.
• Revised mining schedule based on changes
to the process plant
• Updated capital and operating cost estimates
(CAPEX and OPEX) based on revised
designs and more recent equipment
budgetary pricing
TEPAL PROJECT
TEPAL 2017 PEA VS. 2013 PFSR
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PEA Production Profile
$0
$200
$400
$600
$800
$1,000
$1,200
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Co
st/oz. (U
S$)
An
nu
al
Pro
du
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on
(ko
z.)
LOM Production & Cash Costs
Au AuEq. AISC/oz.
(1) Using US$1,250/oz. Au price, US$2.50/lb. Cu price and US$18.00/oz. Ag price
(2) Cash cost includes all mining, milling & refining, transport, mine-level G&A, and royalty costs; net of
byproduct credits
Production Year units 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 LOMResource Mined Mt 12.2 10.4 8.5 8.7 9.5 9.5 8.1 8.1 8.0 6.0 90Waste Mined Mt 3.0 6.7 3.3 4.7 6.1 6.9 3.8 3.9 1.7 0.2 52Strip Ratio w : o 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.6Payable Gold koz. 133 115 119 80 94 60 40 40 35 28 766Payable Copper Mlbs. 52 34 33 32 36 27 25 24 28 18 308Payable Silver koz. 123 136 156 123 108 353 461 357 345 271 2,458Gold Equivalent(1) koz. 239 186 186 146 167 119 95 93 95 68 1,418All-In Sustaining Cash Cost(2) US$/oz. $1 $291 $322 $394 $261 $705 $757 $828 $581 $1,094 $396
-$300
-$200
-$100
$0
$100
$200
$300
-2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Cas
h F
low
(U
S$M
)
LOM After-Tax Cash Flow
After-Tax Cash Flow Cumulative After-Tax Cash Flow
Average annual cash flow (Years 1-5) is US$82 million/year = rapid capital payback
TEPAL PROJECT
TEPAL 2017 PEAR
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Price Sensitivity% Δ in Base Case Metals Prices -10% 0% 10%
Gold Price (US$/oz) $1,125 $1,250 $1,375
Copper Price (US$/lb) $2.25 $2.50 $2.75
Silver Price (US$/oz) $16.20 $18.00 $19.80
All-In Sustaining Costs (net of byproducts):
Gold (US$/oz) $497 $396 $296
Copper (US$/lb) $0.69 $0.38 $0.07
Pre-Tax:
NPV5% (US$ millions) $165.6 $299.4 $433.3
IRR (%) 25% 36% 46%
Payback Period (years) 2.2 1.6 1.3
After-Tax:
NPV5% (US$ millions) $77.5 $169.4 $257.2
IRR (%) 15% 24% 31%
Payback Period (years) 3.0 2.3 1.9
PEA Production HighlightsAverage Oxide Milling Rate: 5,500 tonnes per day
Average Sulphide Milling Rate: 22,000 tonnes per day
Years 1-5 Average Payable Production: 108,000 oz./yr Au and 37 Mlbs./yr Cu
LOM Average Payable Production: 79,000 oz./yr Au and 32 Mlbs./yr Cu
LOM Payable Production: 766,000 oz. Au and 308 Mlbs. Cu
AIC Cost plus Sustaining Cost(1), net of by-product credits: $396/oz. Au
TEPAL PROJECT
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
Cu,43%
Au,54%
Ag,2%
LOM Revenue Split
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TEPAL PROJECT
2017-18 EXPLORATION PROGRAM
Objectives:
1. Test the potential to increase the existing resource/grade
2. Test the potential for new discovery
Exp
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2017 Exploration Budget of US$300,000 was used
in a multi-disciplined program, including:
• Database management.
• Surface sample audit program.
• Structural mapping.
• Outcrop and core alteration mapping (XRF and XRD).
• Susceptibility and physical properties modelling of core.
• Geochemistry evaluation.
• Re-logging of select drill holes.
• Regional structural and alteration studies.
• Geophysical modelling (3D Inversions).
➢ A NEW MINERALIZATION MODAL
➢ SIGNIFICANT UNTESTED POTENTIAL …RESULTS
The 2017-18 exploration program has changed how we explore…
TEPAL PROJECT
USE OF PROCEEDS
28
Start by looking for the vectors
NSR Value ($/t)8 to 10 25 to 30
10 to 15 30 to 40
15 to 20 40 to 50
20 to 25 > 50
South Pit
North Pit
Long section location Inset
North Pit
South Pit
Tizate
Metal values are zoned
along structural
controls
TEPAL PROJECT
1. INCREASE THE RESOURCE
29
Tepal NSR Value Block Model: Vertical Section viewed southwest.
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NORTH
PIT
SOUTH
PIT TIZATE
PIT
✓ The Optimized 2017 PEA pit shells significantly lowered the strip-ratio (0.6 : 1) vs. PFS pit
shells (1.8 : 1), and switched the fleet from bought to rented.
✓ 47 MT were not included in the 2017 PEA, as available per the 2013 PFS Shell at higher
metal prices = ~6 years @ 22,000 tpd rate
2017 PEA Pit Shell($1,250/oz Au, $2.25/lb Cu, $20.00/lb Ag)
2013 PFS Pit Shell($1,400/oz Au, $3.15/lb Cu, $26.00/lb Ag)
30
TEPAL PROJECT
1. INCREASE THE RESOURCE
Optimize and update the current resource
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Metal value contours show
consistent zoning along
structural controls
Under tested feeder
potential?
3D Voxol of 2017 PEA resource GMV (see previous slide) block model, a) plan view, b) Oblique view looking north-easterly.
Drilling optimised along these trends may increase the current resource
North Pit
(2017 PEA )
South Pit
(2017 PEA )
Mineralized trends are
untested along
strike/dip
North Pit
(2017 PEA )
South Pit
(2017 PEA )
The 3D model completed in Q3 2018 confirms an important untested potential
following structural controls that may help to increase the overall grade of an
updated resource. 31
TEPAL PROJECT
1. INCREASE THE RESOURCE
0 metres 400
GMV BLOCK MODEL
COLOUR LEGEND
$Au + $Cu
≥ USD $50
≥ USD $40
≥ USD $30
≥ USD $20
≥ USD $10
Look for new potential
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Parameters Oxide Sulphide
Gold Price (US$/oz) 1300.00
Copper Price (US$/lb) 3.30
Recovery (%) Tizate Au 68.8 66.2
Recovery (%)Tizate Cu 6.8 85.3
Recovery (%) Tepal Au 78.4 60.7
Recovery (%)Tepal Cu 14.3 87.4
Gross Metal Value (GMV) Parameters
GMV BLOCK MODEL
COLOUR LEGEND
$Au + $Cu
≥ USD $50
≥ USD $40
≥ USD $30
≥ USD $20
≥ USD $10
3D GMV Model – South Pit
Oblique section viewed northwest
through the center of the resource,
Clipped to 480m Elev.
Drill holes
South Pit (2017 PEA )
Oblique section through the proposed south pit. A 3D smoothed voxol model of the
2017 PEA gross metal value (GMV) block model, Z-axis is clipped to 580mEl. This
section shows a low grade feeder zone exits beneath the south pit, with a (+USD$50)
high grade core whose grade may be increasing at depth. This feeder remains largely
under drilled. None of this material is included in the resource.
Looks northwesterly.
A potential for improving grade at depth
32
TEPAL PROJECT
1. INCREASE THE RESOURCE
0 metres 400Reso
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Early Days: Using available data (such as the
airborne Th/K survey (left), returned some
unexpected results.
• Tepal’s proposed pits (in white) line up
within a jog of a regional NE structure.
• Mineralization is hosted in rocks depleted
in K.
• Very little intrusion occurs on the property
or in core. Host rock is a highly clay altered
andesite breccia with little silica.
This was a strong indication that something
more that a porphyry deposit may be
underlying the property.
Importantly, it has a regional scale exploration
potential.
TEPAL PROJECT
2. NEW DISCOVERY POTENTIAL
Plan view of an eThK % pseudocolour xy grid after Aeroquest Spectral data.
Intrepid, 2012. Black ovals are Geophysicists exploration picks. On this image, blue
and cool tones tend to be depleted in potassium (K,) while reds or warm tones tend
to be enriched in K.
TEPAL DIV 2
Claim Boundary0 Kilometres 4.0
33
DATA REVIEW
Exp
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Surface assay results are compiled from undifferentiated historic data (soil, stream and outcrop samples). These results remain to be field
verified, as such, this map should be considered preliminary and interpreted with caution
Gold assay overlay on IP resistivity 150m depth plan
- Outcrops with vuggy Silica
and high Temp Clays
- Rancho Tepalcualtita
34
Gold assay overlay on IP chargeability 150m depth plan
• Geochemical and geophysical data compilation was followed up with regional prospecting, core-re-
logging, and a new structural and alteration survey.
• Coincident vuggy silica and high Tᵒ clays in scattered outcrop, high grade gold geochemistry at surface,
favourable high resistivity with coincident high chargeability IP suggests an as yet untested high grade
potential underlying the Tepal project.
• A similar potential was identified regionally in sporadic outcrop over a 7Km trend.
TEPAL PROJECT
2. NEW DISCOVERY POTENTIAL
Exp
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Quartz Vein with massive sulphide
TIZ-11-018: 1.42m 282.95 to 284.37m
(true width not known)
25.3 g/t Au, 565 g/t Ag
Quartz Vein in Fault Breccia
TEP-11-128: 394.5m
4.10 g/t Au, 0.109% Cu
Breccia dikes
TEP-11-26: 402.1m
1.445 g/t Au, 0.475% Cu
Stockwork in Andesite Breccia
TEP-11-26: 387.0m
1.835 g/t Au, 0.523% Cu
Core Review: High grade in core supports a high grade potential that merits follow up
TEPAL PROJECT
2. NEW DISCOVERY POTENTIAL
Exp
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• Early stage exploration drilling in 2012 confirmed a north trending corridor that hosts a Au-
Ag mineralization that remains underexplored to this date.
• The shallow drill holes were consistently anomalous in Ag and As, with gold increasing at
depth in an area of coincident geophysical anomalies that correlates with surface geochem
Ag ppm As ppm
0.0 2.0
Kilometres
IP
Chargeability (ρ)
Plan view of silver block model voxels
over 3D voxel IP Chargeability 150m depth
_2114325_
_2116500_
_2117500_
l
717000
l
718000 l
717000
l
718000
TIZ-11-018: 282.95 to 284.37m
25.3 g/t Au, 565 g/t Ag
Plan view of arsenic block model voxels
over 3D voxel IP Chargeability 150m depth
Coincident IP
chargeability
36
Topography
depression
Consistent and coincident exploration anomalies from all sources merit follow up
TEPAL PROJECT
2. NEW DISCOVERY POTENTIAL
Exp
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✓ Near term potential to expand the current resource
Follow newly identified structural controls and feeders beyond existing shell limits.
✓ Potential to improve the grade of the resource
Assess untested structures within the existing resource for potential to increase grade.
✓ A new discovery potential
• The recognition of two mineralizing events
1. Intrusion related mineralization: Relates to lower grades ( Au≥ 0.06 – to 1.0 g/t).
➢ Correlates with (Cu,Mo,Ag)(S)(Fe,Co).
2. Epithermal related mineralization: Relates to higher grades (Au > 1.0 g/t to 4.1 g/t)
➢ Correlates with (Ag,Pb,Sb)(As).
• The recognition of important exploration indicators in outcrop
Vuggy silica, high temperature clays (pyrophyllite, dickite), possible sinter and native sulphur in
outcrop and in core.
✓ An exciting new exploration model
The 2017-18 exploration program has resulted in the discovery of a mineralized
epithermal system with high grade potential that has the ability to become a game
changer. This will be followed up in 2019.37
TEPAL PROJECT
EXPLORATION RESULTS
Exp
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Plan view of an eThK % pseudocolour xy grid, Aeroquest.
Black ovals are Geophysicists best exploration picks.
0 Kilometres 4.0
TEPAL PROJECT
A REGIONAL SCALE EXPLORATION POTENTIAL
Tepal
Tepal DIV 1
A New Exploration Target
• A plan map with the location of
showings of vuggy silica discovered
to date in outcrop;
• The trend is exposed over seven
kilometers in discontinuous clay
and silica altered outcrops;
• PIMA results confirm the presence
of important high temperature clay
minerals on the Tepal property.
• Early results warrant follow up
Vuggy silica and observed in scattered outcrop with coincident clay
alteration, FeOx, and silica flooding merits follow up observed over a 7Km
trend.
Tepal 2
TEPAL PROJECT
A REGIONAL SCALE POTENTIAL
38
Exp
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Q1 2019
➢ Field check 2017-18 results
➢ Geophysics
➢ Mapping
➢ Pima (XRD) survey
➢ Update permits (Including
existing MIA permit)
➢ Fine tune drill targets
Q2 2019?
➢ DRILLING
Chasing the high-grade39
TEPAL PROJECT
EXPLORATION PLANS
Exp
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The Circum-Pacific model encompasses many different styles of mineralization that can occur in a
continuous series from a magmatic arc porphyry through to related epithermal Cu-Au-Mo-Ag and
even VMS mineralisation. Modified from Corbett, 2002, 2004, 2008.
A classic intrusion centric porphyry model
in cross section through a typical porphyry
Cu-Au deposit with idealized but typical
alteration zoning
(after Lowell and Guilbert, 1970).
A Classic Porphyry Vs. The Bigger Picture
TEPAL PROJECT
PORPHYRY VS. CIRCUM PACIFIC MODEL
40
In exploration, its important to keep an open mind
- Anything can happen -
Exp
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In an Epithermal Model – Alteration size IS important
After Wilson and Tunningley, Exploration Alliance.
www.explorationalliance.com41
TEPAL PROJECT
EXPLORATION CASE STUDY
Exp
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PASQUA LAMA, CHILE
A cross section through Barrick Inc’s high sulphidation Pasqua Lama Mine
The deposits hosts a +10Moz Au deposit.
Like Pasqua Lama, structurally controlled HS systems can host low grade but BIG deposits.
A little inspiration?
Modified after Wilson, (undated AMA slide) and Chouinard, 2005
TEPAL PROJECT
EXPLORATION CASE STUDY
42
The Importance of Structural Controls
Exp
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CONTACT
Defiance Silver Corp
2300 – 1177 West Hastings Street
Vancouver, BC, V6E 2K3
Canada
+1 604 669 7315
www.defiancesilver.com
43
http://visionofhumanity.org/indexes/global-peace-index/
General Risk
Cartel Activity Risk
Security in Mexico
• Primarily a management issue
• Based on the 2016 Global peace index,
Michoacán and Zacatecas States both
rank moderately to more peaceful
• Despite Guerrero’s title as most violent
state, it has nevertheless seen the growth
of a multi-billion dollar mining industry.
• The ongoing drug wars have had zero net
effect on the growth of mining nationally.
• Mexico remains the largest silver
producing nation as of 2017
• Gold production increased over the last
20 years from 35th to 9th place.
MEXICO
SECURITY RISK ASSESSMENT
Zacatecas
Michoacán
Zacatecas
Michoacán
44
http://visionofhumanity.org/indexes/global-peace-index/
Security in Mexico vs the USA
• The USA continues to downplay its own cartel
presence.
• The USA was last ranked in 2010, using
different parameters making direct comparison
difficult.
• The most interesting comparable is the USA
statistics for incarcerations vs. Mexico’s cartel
activity.
Cartel Activity
Incarceration
MEXICO
SECURITY RISK COMPARISON
45