Ladhva Sagarkumar G.Roll No. 25

Enrollment No: 14101022Semester – M.A. Sem. 3

Paper : 12(English language teaching)Year :2015- 16

Email. Id : sagarladhva5507@gmail.com

Topic:- A critique on SLA: Behaviorist theory and Cognitive theory differences.

Submitted to:

Smt. S.B. Gardi Department of English

M.K.Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar.

Second language acquisition• Researches and focuses on the

developing knowledge and use of a language by children and adults who already know at least one other language.

• About 25 years ago, a psychologist named Stephen Krashen transformed language teaching. He had been developing his ideas over a number of years, but several books he published in the 1980s received general acceptance.

• Much has been made of Krashen's theory of second language acquisition, which consists of five main hypotheses:

The acquisition learning hypothesis

the monitor hypothesis,

the natural order hypothesis,

the input hypothesis, and

the affective filter hypothesis.

Effects

How to understand

Learning Theory?

Emotional

Cognitive

Environmental

influences

Former experience

Learning

acquisition

conscious

subconscious

knowing aboutpick up

• Learning theories are conceptual Frameworks describing how information is absorbed processed and retained during learning. Learning a language, on the other hand, is a conscious process, much like what one experiences in school. New knowledge or language forms are represented consciously in the learner's mind, frequently in the form of language "rules" and "grammar" and the process often involves error correction.

Learning theory

• The Acquisition – Learning Distinction

AcquisitionSub-conscious

by environment(Ex: games,

Movies, radio)

Picking up words

LearningConscious by

instructorsCorrect errors

Knowing aboutGrammar rules

SLA

Behaviorists looks at

Behaviorist theory

Mentalist theory

Learning and

The acquisition

of native languages

Aspect of conditioning

Behaviorism

Language development as habit formation;A person learning an L2 starts with the habits formed in L1 (transfer)These habits interfere with the new ones needed for the second language.

Cognitivity • Cognitive means of relating to, being or

involving conscious intellectual activity.• Cognitive theory came about as a reaction

to behaviorism

Discerning

Remembering

factual knowledge

Intellectual activity as

Psychology and Cognitionunderstanding of knowledge

formation of beliefs

and attitudes

decision making

problem solving

Psychological process in acquisition

Psychology and

Cognition

Some behaviorist theorists are:

B. F. Skinner

Ivan Pavlov

J. B. Watson

Thorndike

• Edward L. Thorndike's pioneer investigations in the fields of human and animal learning are among the most influential in the history of Psychology.

• The Behaviorist theory depends on the analysis of human behavior.

Thorndike

The theory of stimulus response

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• “The behaviorist theory of stimulus- response learning, particularly as developed in the operant conditioning model of Skinner, considers all learning to be the establishment of habit as a result of reinforcement and reward.”

Stimulus- Response

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Cognitive theory is:Replaced

Behavioristic theory in the

1960s

Involve active thinking

Teacher’s active role

Stresses prior

knowledge

Interested in how students understand

material

Major contributors of Cognitive theory

Allan Paivio

Howard Gardner

Benjamin Bloom

Robert Gagne

Divisions of the theory• Cognitive theory domain is “the student’s

intellectual ability.”• Benjamin Bloom’s cognitive theory is

divided into:Analyze

Evaluate

Apply

Remember

Create

Understating

According to cognitive theory activities like thinking and remembering seem like a behavior.It provides an avenue to use behavior analysis to measure their effect of learning.

Behavior is an

activity of

Thinking Remembering

Cognitive Theory stems from traditional psychological concepts of thinking. Cognitivists view activities such as thinking, deciding, and remembering in terms of how they underlie behavior.

Rewarding

Reinforcement

Imitation Scope of behaviorist

theory

Conditioning Rewarding

Generalization

Process of learning in behaviorist

theory

Behaviorist theory

Behaviorism: emphasizing stimuli and responses, but ignoring the mental processes that are involved in learning.

To Sum up…..