The Study of Systemic Functional Linguistic toward the Inaugural Address Text of President Joko Widodo

by

Faura, S.S.,M.Hum

Dr. Kamsinah Darwis, M.Humpascaunhas111@gmail.com

Postgraduate Program Faculty of Cultural Sciences

Hasanuddin University

ABSTRACT

This paper discusses the inaugural address of Ir. H Joko Widodo, the President of the Republic of Indonesia. The study aimed to explain transitivity system focusing on ideational meaning in the address text.

In order to achieve the objectives of the study, Systemic Functional Linguistics theory, audio method and note taking technique are applied. The data were oral text obtained from internet in the form of video. The data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively.

The results of the analysis indicate that transitivity system focusing on ideational meaning consists of process, participant, and circumstance. Types of process are material, relational, verbal and mental. Of the 55 clauses in this study, material has the highest appearance, followed by behavioral, relational, verbal, and mental process respectively. Next, types of participant are actor, senser, sayer, phenomenon, token, receiver, client, recipient, beneficiary, attribute, and behaviour. Actor has the highest appearance. Types of circumstance are manner, cause, role, and location. Manner has the highest appearance and the lowest is location. Material which shows the highest appearance means that Joko Widodo put an emphasis on action in leading Indonesia in years to come. The lowest appearance of mental shows that Joko Widodo in his leadership did not fully involve mental relation to emotional. The most participants are actors. Joko Widodo in his address never mentioned himself, but always used the linguistic feature or the word “we”, meaning that all Indonesian people and himself must be involved in carrying out his duty as a leader of Indonesian nation.

Key words: text, Systemic Functional Linguistics, transitivity, context of situation

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A. INTRODUCTION

Language is a means of communication to express aims and objectives to

addressees. It has a very important role in our life since language is used to convey

message, sign, idea, feeling, and wish to make the communication run smoothly.

Language is also said to be a semantic system for making meaning with other system

for encoding the meanings it produces. According to Halliday, semantics does not

simply refer to the meaning of words, but it is the entire system of meanings of a

language. The meanings which he refers are encoded in wordings grammatical

sequences, or ‘syntagms’. Next, the relation between the meaning and the wording is

not an arbitrary one, but the form of the grammar relates naturally to the meanings

that are being encoded. Here, the functional grammar is designed to bring this out; it

is a study of wording, but one that interprets the wording by reference to what it

means (Halliday, 1990: XVll ).

This study used Halliday’s systemic functional linguistic theory which pays a

great attention to the relationships between language and its function. The function

here, is focused on ideational one which has role as a means of representing pattern

of experience. A fundamental property of language is that it enables human being to

build a mental picture of reality, to make sense of their experience of what goes on

around them, and inside them. In this case, a clause is the most significant

grammatical unit, because it is the clause that function as the representation of

process. It means, our most powerful conception of reality is that it consists of

‘going- on’, of doing’, ‘happening’, ‘feeling’, ‘being’ These goings-on are sorted out

in the semantic system of language, and expressed through the grammar of clause.

Language as a social semantic system was analyzedthrough functional

grammar. Here,an inaugural address text in Indonesian language taken as the source

of data or object of the study since the study would like to see the universality of

Halliday’s theory which, of course, has different sentence pattern from English which

always becomes Halliday’s object of study.

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The presidential address is the representation of an extra-ordinary event, fact,

or idea of someone’s experience. The aim and objective of the address consist of a set

of clauses and each clause contains three elements: process of event, participant or

agent, and situation around the process. By analyzing the three elements through

transitivity system, the ideational meaning of the speech can be revealed.

The inaugural address of Joko Widodo was the object of the study. This is due

to his position as a high ranking official which is influential enough in Indonesia so

that his address that contains the use of transitivity system is interesting to study

especially to reveal the ideational meaning contains in his vision and mission

organized in an address read during his inauguration as the President of the Republic

of Indonesia.

B. OBJECTIVES AND RESEARCH METHOD

This study aimed to explain types of process and circumstances found in the

inaugural address text of the seventh President of the Republic of Indonesia, Ir. H.

Joko Widodo, through transitivity system, and relationships between transitivity and

context of situation in the inaugural address text.

This study applied audio method and note taking techniques. The source of

data was oral text of the inaugural address of the President of the Republic of

Indonesia delivered in front of the plenary meeting of MPR (People’s Consultative

Assembly) at the MPR building in Jakarta on October 24, 2014. The data were

obtained in video form from internet downloaded through sites www.youtube.com.

The descriptive qualitative method was employed supported by quantitative method

using a simple statistical analysis to support the analysis of percentage for the

appearance of the use of process and circumstance.

In order to achieve the objectives of the study, Systemic Functional

Linguistics theory was applied to discuss the transitivity system dividing language

into three components of meaning: ideational meaning, interpersonal meaning, and

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textual meaning. However, in this paper the discussion was focused only on

ideational meaning which consists of process, participant, and circumstance.

C. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

In order to understand thoroughly the discussion in this paper, there are five

terms need to define. The terms are : text, systemic functional linguistics, transitivity

and context of situation.

1. Text

A good place to start is to say more precisely what functional linguists mean

by text. A text is a unit of language in use. It is not a grammatical unit, like a clause

or sentence; and it is not defined by its size (Halliday and Hassan (1976: 1). This

definition was revised in 1985 by the same authors as follows: A text is a piece of

language in use; that is, ‘language that is functional’ (Halliday and Hasan 1985 in

Butt 2000:3). Whereas Butt, et.al. said that:

A text’s length is not important and it can be either spoken or written .what is important is that a text is a harmonious collection of meanings appropriate to its context. This unity of purpose gives a text both texture and structure. Texture comes from the way the meaning in the text fit coherently with each other- in much the same way as the threads of a piece of fabric or carpet re woven together to make a whole. Structure refers to the way that most piece of language in use will contain certain obligatory structural elements appropriate to their purpose and context (Butt, 2000:3).

Therefore, a text can be described as a type of super sentence that is grammatical unit

which is bigger than a sentence but related to a sentence, and at the same way, a

sentence is also related to clause, and a clause is related to phrase, etc. Text can also

mean a complex unit consists of subject, predicate, object which correlate each other

to form meaning.

Further, a text always occurs in two contexts, one within other. The outer

context around a text is called context of culture in which we get some idea of the

importance of context of culture in shaping meaning such as when we think of the

differences in forms of address, in ceremonies, in politeness and in significant

activities between one culture and another. Within the context of culture, speakers

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and writers use language in many more specific contexts or situations which is called

context of situation or inner context. The combination of these context results in the

differences and similarities between one piece of language and another, or would be

implicated in the differences (Butt 2000:3-4).

2. Systemic Functional Linguistics

Systemic Functional Linguistic theory was pioneered by M.A.K. Halliday of

the University of Sydney in Australia. This theory is a continuation of Firth’s theory

and was influenced by Boas, Hymes, and Bloomfield of America.

The followings are the interpretations of the SFL theory. The the term

systemic (S) implies three things: (1) systemic relation and their choice in various

possibilities in a network system of relationship and choice begun from general to

specific features which is vertical or paradigmatic, (2) systems of meaning involved

and interrelation in its relation to phenomena under investigation, and (3) systems of

meaning which becomes the basis behind, below and above and around it or beyond

the phenomena Further, the term functional (F) implies three things: discourse

analysis which gives attention to (1) functional realization of system in structures and

patterns structurally in the forms of horizontal and syntagmatic, (2) functions or

meaning in the language, and (3) functions and meaning operating at the level and

dimension are varied in language under study. Finally, the term linguistics (L) has

two implications: (1) discourse analysis adopts a linguistic theory representing a

special theory and framework of study in discourse analysis into and appears from

linguistic discipline following the SFL theory principles, and (2) in investigating the

phenomena, discourse analysis applies language approach interpretatively in the

forms of semantics, thematic, and interdiscipline (Sinar, 2008: 13-15).

It is also said that SFL has functions as follows:

“to understand the nature and functions of language; to understand what all languages have in common (i.e. what are the properties of language as such), and what may differ from one language to another; to understand the quality of texts:

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why a text means what it does, and why it is valued as it is; to understand how language varies, according to the user, and according to the functions for which it is being used; to understand literary and poetic text and the nature of verbal art; to understand the relationship between language and culture, and language and situation; to understand many aspects of the role of language in the community and the individual: multilingualism, socialization, ideology , propaganda, etc.; (Halliday, 1990: xxx).

Therefore, this SFL theory does not only study grammar, but also study the whole

system of semantics in the context. Besides that, this linguistic theory focuses more

on the relationships between language and context of situation.

3. Transitivity

The language metafunction components are ideational, textual, and inter-

personal which represents language organization. It is in the semantic system,

lexicogrammatic, and phonology/graphology of language. Further, grammar operates

through clause notion with 3 sets of choice made to form clause. The choice was

made by the maker of clause through transitivity, taxis, theme, and mood. Systems of

transitivity, taxis, theme, and mood are realized in ideational, textual, and inter-

personal functions. Then the ideational function which consists of experiential

function is realized by the transitivity clause system, and logical function is realized

by complex clause system that is taxis system. The textual function is realized with

theme-rheme system and interpersonal function is realized in mood system (Sinar,

2008:30-31).

The concept of transitivity system are semantic categories which explainin

the most general way how phenomena of the rea world are represented as linguistic

structure(Halliday, 1990: 102). This is emphasized again by Halliday in his later

work that realization of linguistic experience of the language user is called

transitivity and a complete unit of SFL study in a clause should consists of three

components i.e. process, participant, and circumstance. Process indicates verb as

mentioned in clause; and participant is person or thing involved in the process: while

circumstance is an environment in which participant involved in the process. Thus,

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these provide the frame of reference for interpreting our experience of what is going

on. As the core of the experience is process, it determines number and category of

participant and determines circumstance as well. Circumstance also gets impact

from pg8rocess indirectly since mental and material processes often appear together

with location and manner circumstance. Further, categorization of process consists

into six types. Three of them are said to be primary process i.e., material, mental and

relational processes. While the others are said to be supporting process i.e.,

behavioral, verbal and existential processes. Next, participant can be a person or

other thing playing role as goal, actor, behavior, senser, carrier, value, existence,

phenomenon, attribute, token, receiver, client, recipient, beneficiary, and verbiage.

Finally, circumstance can be determined through identification of its types as

follows: extent/range, location, manner, cause, environment, matter, role,

accompaniment, and angle..

4. Context of Situation

Context of situation is a context in which the things going on in the world

outside the text that ‘make the text what it is’ are covered. These are extralinguistic

features of a text which are given substance in the world and grammatical patterns

that speakers and writers use consciously or subconsciously to construct texts of

different varieties and that their audience uses to classify and interpret. In order to

understanda text in context properly, understanding to situation and cultural context is

necessary.

Next, context of situation consists of three elements (1) field of discourse, (2)

tenor of discourse, and (3) mode of discourse. Field of discourse is an interaction

activity related to two dimensions: what is being said and for what purpose. Further,

field of discourse can be divided into (1) experience field, (2) short term objective,

and (3) long term objective (Butt, 1995 in Darma, 2009: 191). Whereas tenor of

discourse refers to who is talking. Halliday said that tenor of discourse points to

people taking part at the nature of tenors, position, and their role. Thus, types of

relations and what roles are among tenors also belong to tenor of discourse. Likewise

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permanent and temporary relationships both type of speech role they make in

conversation and the whole chain of relationships which is important for the group

who involved them. Finally, mode of discourse which characterizes the intrinsic

function of context of situation refers to a part played by language. This is hoped by

tenors played by language in that situation which includes organization of text

symbolic, its position, function in context, and channel (whether it is spoken or

written, or combination of both). Likewise with its rhetoric mode that is what the text

to achieve concerning the topic of understanding such as persuading, explaining,

educating, and the like.

D. TRANSITIVITY SYSTEM IN INAUGURAL ADDRESS OF THE

PRESIDENT JOKO WIDODO.

In inaugural address text of the President Joko Widodo, five kinds of

transitivity processes were found. They are material, behavioral, relational, verbal,

and mental. Each kind of process has its own appearance which can be seen in the

following data.

Data (1)

Yang saya hormati, para pimpinan dan seluruh anggota MPR

Yang saya

hormati

(implicit process) Para pimpinan dan seluruh anggota

MPR

token Process: relational intensive:

identifying

value

Data (2)

Yang saya hormati, Wakil Presiden RI

Data (3)

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Yang saya hormati (implicit process) Wakil Presiden RI

Token Process: relational intensive:

identifying

value

Yang saya hormati, Bapak Prof. Dr. Bj. Habibie, Presiden RI ketiga

Yang saya hormati

(implicit process) Bapak Prof. Dr. B. J. Habibie, Presiden RI ketiga.

token Process: relational intensive: identifying

Value

Data (4)

Yang saya hormati, Ibu Hj. Megawati Soekarnoputri, Presiden RI kelima

Yang saya

hormati

(implicit process) Ibu Hj. Megawati Soekarnoputri, Presiden

RI kelima

Token Process: relational intensive:

identifying

Value

Data (5)

Yang saya hormati, Bapak Try Sutrisno, Wakil Presiden RI ke enam

Yang saya

hormati

(implicit process) Bapak Try Sutrisno, Wakil Presiden RI ke

enam

Token Process: relational intensive:

identifying

value

Data (6)

Yang saya hormati, Bapak Hamzah Haz, Wakil Presiden RI kesembilan

Yang saya

hormati

(implicit process) Bapak Hamzah Haz, Wakil

Presiden RI

ke Sembilan

Token Process: relational intensive:

identifying

value

Data (7)

Yang saya hormati Bapak Prof. Dr. Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, Presiden RI ke enam

9

Yang saya hormati

(implicit process) Bapak Prof. Dr. Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, Presiden RI keenam

token Process: relational intensive: identifying

Value

Data (8)

Bapak Prof. Dr. Boediono Wakil Presiden RI ke sebelas

Bapak Prof. Dr.

Boediono

(implicit process) Wakil Presiden RI ke sebelas token

Token Process: relational intensive:

identifying

Value

Data (9)

Yang saya hormati Ibu Sinta Nuriyah Rahman Wahid

Yang saya

hormati

(implicit process) Ibu Sinta Nuriyah Rahman Wahid

Senser Process: relational intensive: identifying Phenomenon

Data (10)

Yang saya hormati, rekan dan sahabat baik saya, Bapak Prabowo Subianto dan Bapak Hatta Rajasa

Yang saya

hormati

(implicit process) Rekan dan sahabat baik saya, Bapak Prabowo

Subianto dan Bapak Hatta Rajasa

token Process: relational

intensive: identifying

Value

Data (11)

Yang saya hormati para pimpinan lembaga-lembaga tinggi negara

Yang saya (implicit process) Para pimpinan lembaga-lembaga tinggi

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hormati negara

Token Process: relational intensive:

identifying

Value

Data (12)

Yang saya hormati dan yang saya muliakan, kepala negara dan pemerintahan serta utusan khusus dari negara-negara sahabat.

Yang saya hormati dan

yang saya muliakan

(implicit process) Kepala negara dan pemerintahab serta utusan

khusus dari negara-negara sahabat

Token Process: relational

intensive: identifying

Value

Data (13)

Para tamu undangan yang saya hormati,

Para tamu undangan (implicit process) yang saya hormati

Value Process: relational intensive: identifying Token

Data (14)

Saudara-saudaraku sebangsa dan setanah air.

Saudara-saudaraku (implicit process) sebangsa dan setanah air,

value Process: relational intensive: identifying Token

Data (15)

Hadirin yang saya muliakan

Hadirin (implicit process) yang saya muliakan

value Process: relational intensive: identifying Token

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Data (16)

Baru saja kami, Jokowi dan Jk mengucapkan sumpah.

Baru saja Kami, Jokowi dan

JK

Mengucapkan Sumpah

Circumstance: : when Sayer Process: verbal Verbiage

Data (17)

Sumpah itu memiliki makna spiritual yang amat dalam, yang menegaskan komitmen untuk bekerja keras mencapai kehendak kita bersama sebagai bangsa yang besar.

Sumpah

itu

Memiliki Makna

spiritual

Yang amat dalam, yang menegaskan

komitmen untuk bekerja keras mencapai

kehendak kita bersama sebagai bangsa yang

besar.

Carrier Process: relational

possesive : attributive

Attribute Circumstance: manner: quality

Data (18)

Kini saatnya kita menyatukan hati dan tangan

Kini saatnya Kita Menyatukan Hati dan tangan

Circumstance: when Actor Process: material Goal

Data (19)

Ini saatnya kita bersama-sama melanjutkan ujian sejarah berikutnya yang maha berat, yakni mencapai dan mewujudkan Indonesia yang berdaulat di bidang politik, berdikari di bidang ekonomi, dan berkepribadian dalam berkebudayaan.

Ini saatnya Kita

ber-

sama-

sama

Melanjutkan Ujian

sejarah

berikutnya

Yang maha berat yakni mencapai dan

mewujudkan Indonesia yang berdaulat di

bidang politik, berdikari di bidang ekonomi,

dan berkepribadian dalam berkebudayaan.

Circumst Actor Process: Range Circumstance

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ance:

when

material : manner : quality

Data (20)

Saya yakin tugas sejarah yang maha berat ini akan bisa kita pikul bersama-sama dengan persatuan, dengan gotong royong dan dengan kerja keras.

Saya yakin tugas sejarah yang maha berat

ini akan bisa kita pikul

bersama-sama

Dengan persatuan, dengan gotong

royong dan dengan kerja keras.

Senser Process: mental:

affect

Phenomenon Circumstance: manner : means

Data (21)

Persatuan dan gotong royong adalah syarat bagi kita untuk menjadi bangsa besar.

Persatuan dan

gotong royong

adalah syarat bagi kita untuk menjadi bangsa besar

Token Process: relasional

intensive: identifying

Value Circumstance: cause

Data (22)

Kita tidak akan pernah besar jika terjebak dalam keterbelahan dan keterpecahan.

Kita tidak akan pernah besar jika terjebak dalam keterbelahan dan keterpecahan

Carrier Process: relational

intensive : attributive

Attributive

Data (23)

Kita tidak pernah betul-betul merdeka tanpa kerja keras.

Kita tidak pernah betul-betul merdeka tanpa kerja keras

Carrier Process: relasional intensive (attributive) Attribute

Data (24)

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Pemerintahan yang saya pimpin akan bekerja untuk memastikan bahwa setiap rakyat di seluruh pelosok tanah air merasakan kehadiran pelayanan pemerintahan.

Pemerintahan yang saya pimpin

akan bekerja

untuk memastikan

bahwa setiap rakyat di seluruh pelosok tanah air merasakan kehadiran pelayanan pemerintahan

Actor Process: material

Circumstance : cause

Goal

Data (25)

Saya juga mengajak seluruh lembaga negara untuk bekerja dengan semangat yang sama dalam menjalankan tugas dan fungsinya masing-masing.

Saya

juga

mengajak seluruh lembaga

negara

untuk bekerja dengan semangat yang sama dalam

menjalankan tugas dan fungsinya masing-masing

Sayer Process:

verbal

Receiver Target

Data (26)

Saya yakin negara ini akan semakin kuat dan berwibawa jika semua lembaga negara bekerja memanggul mandate yang telah diberikan oleh konstitusi kita.

Saya yakin negara ini akan semakin

kuat dan berwibawa

jika semua lembaga negara bekerja

memanggul mandat yang telah diberikan oleh

konstitusi kita.

Sense

r

Process:

mental: affect

Phenomenon Circumstance: cause

Data (27)

Kepada para nelayan, para buruh, para petani, para pedagang bakso, para pedagang asongan, sopir, akademisi, guru, TNI, POLRI, pengusaha, dan kalangan profesional, saya menyerukan untuk bekerja keras, bahu membahu, bergotong royong, karena inilah momen sejarah bagi kita semua untuk bergerak bersama, untuk bekerja, untuk bekerja dan bekerja.

Kepada para nelayan, para buruh, para petani, para pedagang bakso, para pedagang asongan, sopir, akademisi, guru, TNI, POLRI, pengusaha dan kalangan profesional.

saya me- nyeru-kan

untuk bekerja keras, bahu membahu, bergotong royong.

karena inilah momen sejarah bagi kita semua untuk bergerak bersama, untuk bekerja, untuk bekerja dan bekerja

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receiver Sayer Process: verbal

verbiage

Circumstance: cause

Data (28)

Hadirin yang mulia

Hadirin yang mulia

Carrier Process : Relational intensive: attributive Attribute

Data (29)

Kita juga ingin hadir di antara bangsa-bangsa dengan kehormatan, dengan martabat, dengan harga diri.

Kita

juga

ingin hadir di antara bangsa-bangsa dengan kehormatan, dengan

martabat dan dengan harga diri

Senser Process: mental :

inclination

Phenomenon

Data (30)

Kita ingin jadi bangsa yang bisa menyusun peradaban sendiri, bangsa yang kreatif, yang bisa meyumbangkan keluruhan bagi peradaban global.

Kita ingin jadi bangsa yang bisa menyusun peradaban sendiri, bangsa yang kreatif, yang bisa menyumbangkan keluruhan bagi peradaban global.

Senser Process: mental: : inclination

Phenomenon

Data (31)

Kita harus bekerja dengan sekeras-kerasnya untuk mengembalikan Indonesia sebagai negara maritim.

Kita harus bekerja dengan sekeras-kerasnya untuk mengembalikan Indonesia sebagai negara maritim.

Actor Process: material

Circumstance: manner: quality Target

Data (32)

Samudera, laut, selat dan teluk adalah masa depan peradaban kita

Samudera, laut, selat dan adalah Masa depan peradaban

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teluk kita

Token Process: relational intensive:

identifying

Value

Data (32)

Kita telah terlalu lama memunggungi laut, memunggungi samudera dan memunggungi selat dan teluk.

Kita telah terlalu lama memunggungi Laut, samudera, selat dan teluk

Actor Process: material Goal

Data (34)

Ini saatnya kita mengembalikan semuanya , sehingga Jalesveva Jayamahe di laut justru kita jaya, sebagai semboyan nenek moyang kita di masa lalu bisa kembali lagi membahana.

Ini saatnya Kita mengembalikan semuanya sehingga Jalesveva Jayamahe di laut justru kita jaya, sebagai semboyan nenek moyang kita di masa lalu bisa kembali lagi membahana.

Circumstance:

when

Actor Process: material Goal Target

Data (35)

Saudara-saudaraku sebangsa dan setanah air.

Saudara-saudaraku (implicit process) sebangsa dan setanah air,

value Process: relational intensive: identifying Token

Data (36)

Kerja besar membangun bangsa tidak mungkin dilakukan sendiri oleh Presiden dan Wakil Presiden ataupun jajaran pemerintahan yang saya pimpin tetapi membutuhkan topangan kekuatan bersama, kekuatan kolektif yang merupakan kesatuan seluruh bangsa.

Kerja besar

membangun

tidak

mungkin

sendiri oleh Presiden dan

Wakil Presiden ataupun jajaran

tetapi membutuhkan topangan

kekuatan bersama, kekuatan

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bangsa dilakukan pemerintahan yang saya

pimpin

kolektif yang merupakan

kesatuan seluruh bangsa.

Goal Process:

material

Actor Circumstance: manner

Data (37)

Lima tahun ke depan menjadi momentum pertaruhan kita sebagai bangsa yang merdeka.

Lima tahun ke

depan

Menjadi Momentum pertaruhan kita sebagai bangsa yang

merdeka

Carrier Process: relational

attributive

Attribute

Data (38)

Bekerja, bekerja dan bekerja adalah yang utama

Bekerja, bekerja dan bekerja adalah yang utama

Carrier Process: relational attributive: intensive Attribute

Data (38)

Saya yakin dengan bekerja keras dan gotong royong kita akan mampu melindungi segenap bangsa Indonesia dan seluruh tumpah darah Indonesia .

Saya yakin dengan bekerja keras dan gotong royong kita akan mampu melindungi

segenap bangsa Indonesia dan seluruh tumpah darah Indonesia .

Sense

r

Process:

mental: affect

Phenomenon

Data (39)

Meningkatkan kesejahteraan umum

Meningkatkan kesejahteraan umum

Process: material Range

Data (40)

Mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa

Mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa

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Process: material Range

Data (41)

Ikut melaksanakan ketertiban dunia yang berdasarkan kemerdekaan, perdamaian abadi dan keadilan sosial.

Ikut

melaksanakan

Ketertiban dunia yang berdasarkan kemerdekaaan, perdamaian abadi, dan keadilan

sosial.

Process:

material

Range

Data (42)

Saya mengucapkan terima kasih dan penghargaan yang sebesar-besarnya kepada yang mulia kepala negara dan pemerintahan serta utusan khusus dari negara-negara sahabat.

Saya Mengucapkan Terima kasih dan penghargaan yang sebesar-besarnya

Kepada yang mulia kepala negara dan pemerintahan serta utusan khusus dari negara-negara sahabat

Sayer Process: verbal Verbiage Receiver

Data (43)

Saya ingin menegaskan di bawah pemerintahan saya

Saya Ingin menegaskan di bawah pemerintahan saya

Senser Process: mental :

inclination

Phenomenon

Data (44)

Indonesia sebagai negara terbesar ketiga dengan penduduk muslim terbesar di dunia, sebagai negara kepulauan dan sebagai negara terbesar di Asia Tenggara akan terus menjalankan politik luar negeri yang bebas aktif, yang diaktifkan untuk kepentingan nasional.

Sebagai negara terbesar ketiga dengan penduduk muslim terbesar di dunia, sebagai negara kepulauan dan sebagai negara terbesar di Asia tenggara

akan terus menjalankan

politik luar negeri yang bebas aktif

yang diaktifkan untuk kepentingan nasional

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Actor Process: material

Range Circumstance: manner

Data (45)

Menciptakan ketertiban dunia berdasarkan kemerdekaan, perdamaian abadi dan keadilan sosial.

Menciptakan ketertiban dunia

Berdasarkan kemerdekaan, perdamaian abadi dan keadilan social

Process : material

Range Circumstance: manner

Data (46)

Pada kesempatan yang bersejarah ini, perkenankan saya atas nama pribadi, atas nama Wakil Presiden M. Jusuf Kalla, dan atas nama bangsa Indonesia, menyampaikan terima kasih dan penghargaan setinggi-tingginya kepada Bapak Prof Dr. Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono dan Bapak Prof Boediono.

Pada kesempatan yang bersejarah ini

Perkenankan saya atas nama pribadi, atas nama Wakil Presiden M. Jusuf Kalla, dan atas nama bangsa Indonesia.

menyam-paikan

terima kasih dan penghargaan setinggi-tingginya

kepada Bapak Prof. Dr. Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono dan Bapak Prof. Dr. Boediono

Circumstance: when

Sayer Process: verbal Verbiage Receiver

Data (47)

Hadirin yang saya muliakan

Hadiri

n

(implicit process) yang saya muliakan

Value Process: relational intensive: identifying Token

Data (48)

Saya mengajak saudara-saudara sebangsa dan setanah air untuk mengingat satu hal.

Saya mengajak Saudara-saudara sebangsa dan setanah

air

untuk mengingat satu hal

Sayer Process: Verbal Receiver Target

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Data (49)

Membangun Indonesia menjadi negara besar, negara yang kuat, negara yang makmur, negara yang damai.

Membangun Indonesia menjadi negara besar, negara yang kuat, negara yang makmur, negara yang damai

Process: material Goal target

Data (50)

Kita harus memiliki jiwa cakrawartih samudera, jiwa pelaut yang berani mengarungi gelombang dan hempasan ombak yang menggulung.

Kita harus memiliki jsiwa cakrawartih samudera, jiwa pelaut yang berani mengarungi gelombang dan hempasan ombak yang menggulung

Carrier Process: relational attributive: possesive

Attribute

Data (51)

Sebagai nahkoda yang dipercaya oleh rakyat, saya mengajak semua warga bangsa untuk naik ke atas kapal RI.

Sebagai nahkoda yang dipercaya

oleh rakyat

saya mengajak semua warga

bangsa

untuk naik ke atas

kapal RI

Circumstance: role Sayer Process:

verbal

Receiver Target

Data (52)

Kita akan kembangkan layar yang kuat

kita akan kembangkan layar yang kuat

Acto

r

Process: material Rang

e

circumstance:manner: quality

Data (53)

Kita akan hadapi semua badai dan gelombang samudera dengan kekuatan kita sendiri

Kita akan hadapi semua badai dan gelombang dengan kekuatan kita sendiri

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samudera

Acto

r

Process: material Range Circumstance: manner

Data (54)

Saya akan berdiri di bawah kehendak rakyat dan konstitusi

saya akan berdiri di bawah kehendak rakyat dan konstitusi

Actor

Process: material circumstance: location

Data (55)

Tuhan Yang Maha Esa senantiasa merestui upaya luhur kita bersama

Tuhan Yang Maha Esa Senantiasa

merestui

upaya luhur kita bersama

Actor Process: material Range

Based on the data analyses above, the percentage of transitivity process can be put into table

1 as follows:

Table 1. Percentage of Transitivity Process in Inaugural text of President Joko Widodo

No Experiencer Type Clause number Total %

1 Process Material 17, 18, 19, 24, 31, 33, 34, 35, 39, 40, 41, 44, 45, 49, 52, 53, 54, 55

18 32.73%

2 Behavioral 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 47.

14 25.46%

3 Relational 8, 16, 21, 22, 23, 28, 32, 36, 37, 50,

10 18.18%

4 Verbal 15, 27, 42, 46, 25, 48, 51.

7 12.73%

5 Mental 20, 26, 29, 30, 38, 43,

6 10.91%

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The table above shows that the types of process which are in the inaugural text are:

material, behavioral, relational, verbal, and mental. Of the 55 clausesin this study,

material has the highest appearance, followed by behavioral, relational, verbal, and

mental process respectively. Material process which shows the highest appearance

means that Joko Widodo put an emphasis on action in leading Indonesia in years to

come. The lowest appearance of mental shows that Joko Widodo in his leadership did

not fully involve mental relation to emotional. Next, types of participant role are

actor, senser, sayer, phenomenon, token, receiver, attribute, and behaviour. In this

case actor has the highest appearance.

Types of circumstance found in the inaugural speech text are manner, cause,

role, and location. Manner has the highest appearance and the lowest is location. The

percentage of the appearance of circumstance is as follows:

The most participants are actors. Joko Widodo in his address never mentioned

himself, but always used the word “we”, meaning that all Indonesian people and

himself must be involved in carrying out his duty as a leader of Indonesian nation.

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E. CONCLUSION

Based on the analyses above the writer comes to conclusion that transitivity

system focusing on ideational meaning consists of process, participant, and

circumstance. Types of process are material, relational, verbal and mental. Of the 55

clauses in this study, material has the highest appearance, followed by behavioral,

relational, verbal, and mental process respectively. Next, types of participant role are

actor, senser, sayer, phenomenon, token, receiver, beneficiary, attribute, and

behaviour. In this case, actor has the highest appearance. Types of circumstance are

manner, cause, role, and location. Manner has the highest appearance and the lowest

is location. Material which shows the highest appearance means that Joko Widodo

put an emphasis on action in leading Indonesia in years to come. The lowest

appearance of mental shows that Joko Widodo in his leadership did not fully involve

mental relation to emotional. The most participants are actors. Joko Widodo in his

address never mentioned himself, but always used the word “we”, meaning that all

Indonesian people and himself must be involved in carrying out his duty as a leader

of Indonesian nation.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Butt, David. Rhondda Fahey, Susan Feez, Sue Spinks, Colin Yallop. 2001. Using Functional Grammar: An Explorer’s Guide. Second edition. Sydney: Macquarie University.

Darma, Yoce Aliah. 2009. Analisis Wacana Kritis. Bandung: YramaWidya.

Halliday, M.A.K.1990. An Introduction to Functional Grammar. London, New York, Melbourne, and Auckland: Edward Arnold.

Halliday, M.A.K. and Hasan, R. 1976. Cohesion in English. New York: Longman Group Limited.

Sinar, Tengku Silvana. 2008. Teori dan Analisis Wacana: Pendekatan Sistemik Fungsional. Medan: Pustaka Bangsa Press.

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