A-1 SANIMAS DEVELOPMENT In Indonesia - … rural areas). On the other hand, proportion of household...
Transcript of A-1 SANIMAS DEVELOPMENT In Indonesia - … rural areas). On the other hand, proportion of household...
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COMMUNITY BASED SANITATION(SANIMAS)
IN INDONESIA
Presented at Fifth Meeting of Kitakyushu Initiative Network 10 – 11 February 2010, Kitakyushu - Japan
DIRECTORATE OF ENVIROMENTAL SANITATION DEVELOPMENTDirectorate General of Human Settlements
Ministry of Public WorksIndonesia
Handy B. LegowoSub-directorate of Wastewater Development
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Urban Sanitation Problems in IndonesiaUrban Sanitation Problems in Indonesia
Based on Data of Statistics Indonesia (2007), people accessibility into the basic sanitation facilities in Indonesia has reached 77.15% (90.5% in urban areas and 67% in rural areas). On the other hand, proportion of household using adequate on-site sanitation system (by using septic tank) only now 49.13% (71.06% in urban areas and 32.47% in rural areas).
Until 2008, there are 2.312 villages has reached zero open defecation, which is spread out of 213 cities/districts in 30 provinces (Ministry of Health, 2008).
There are 76.3% of 53 rivers in Java, Sumatera, Bali, and Sulawesi has been polluted by organics waste and 11 main rivers hardly polluted by amonium.
The death rate of under 3 years old children is 19% or it’s approximately 100.000 children died because of diarrhea in every year. (Indonesia Health Profile, 2003)
Economical loss caused by poor sanitation is about Rp. 58 quintillion every year, or 2.3% of GDP (ADB study, 1998).
In every additonal 1 mg/liter of BOD pollution concentration on the river will increase drinking water production cost about Rp. 9.17/m3, so that production cost of PDAM will increase 25% of average national water tariff. (World Bank, 2000)
Sanitation infrastructure investments need to be increased from Rp. 200 /capita/year to Rp. 47.000/capita /year, so it can increase community productive time about 34% -79% , decrease 6% - 19% health cost and 2% - 5% medical cost. (Bappenas, 2005).
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EXISTING CONDITIONEXISTING CONDITIONEXISTING CONDITIONEXISTING CONDITION
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PAST EXPERIENCESPAST EXPERIENCES
• Project oriented• Lack of people’s
participation• Top‐down / political
approachapproach• Creates ‘sanitation
monuments’ • Built but not
constructed properly or not connected to the main trunk pipe
Operation & maintenance rely to government’s budget
VISION
Development of environmental sanitation infrastructures to achieve a live-able, safely, healthy and sustainable human settlements for better quality of community health and environmental conservation.
MISION
• Develop environmental sanitation (wastewater, solid waste & urban drainage) infrastructures services for urban and rural to improve community health quality.
• Develop and promote environmental sanitation infrastructures (wastewater solid• Develop and promote environmental sanitation infrastructures (wastewater, solid waste and urban drainage) to protect environment from pollution of domestic wastewater.
• Strengthen institutional capacities and community to address the environmental sanitation development more efficient and effective.
• Establish law and regulation including standard, manual and guidelines to support regional/local regulation for better environmental management
• Develop financing approaches for funding environmental sanitation improvement. • Increase community involvement in development process through community
participation improvement.• Create private and other stakeholders participation to support implementation.
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MUNICIPAL WASTEWATERSCENARIO DEVELOPMENT
Neighborhood City Wide Regional/National
Institutional BasedCommunity Based
Level
Approach
Wastewater infrastructure services based on demand responsive approach
Wastewater infrastructures development support inter cities/region coordination to protect watershed from human waste
Adequate Sanitation:1. Rural areas2. Slum areas
Metropolitan & Large Cities Off site/sewerage system
Develop appropriatepollutionMedium & Small Cities
Integrated system of existing on-site and new off-site sanitation Improve Septage Treatment Plant (IPLT) and sludge services
Old CityShallow/small bore sewer or small scale sewerage integrated to municipal sewage system to support revitalization program for old cities.
New TownDevelop small sewerage system for Low Cost Housing areasEncourage sewerage development for new town through private investment
Clean River Program
(PROKASIH) or similar program
Develop appropriate system of On- Site sanitation and Small Scale Community Sewerage System
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SANIMAS IMPLEMENTATIONSANIMAS IMPLEMENTATION• SANIMAS was launched in 2003 as a Pilot Project
• SANIMAS 2003 are located at East Java Province (5 locations) and Bali Province (1 location)
• SANIMAS 2004 are located at East Java Province (6 locations) and Bali Province (2 location)
• SANIMAS 2003-2004 were funded by AUSAIDSANIMAS 2003 2004 were funded by AUSAID grant managed by WSP - World Bank.
• Community empowerment carried out by BORDA and partners.
• Technical team : Water and Sanitation Working Group (including Ministry of Public Works) is responsible for coordinating and advising program implementation.
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• SANIMAS Pilot Project (2003-2004) was success as sustainable program and
• Ministry of Public Works in the fiscal year 2005 took over the funding through special budget (Inpres Budget) and increased the scope areas.
• SANIMAS 2005 were located at East Java Province (6 locations), Central Java Province (4
) (1 )Locations) and Bali Province (1 location) • Community empowerment carried out by
BORDA and partners• Based on the Sanimas success story at 2005,
Ministry of Public Works replicated SANIMAS approach on a national scale with different funding scheme.
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FUNDING SCHEMEFUNDING SCHEME
• Central Government Materials : Rp. 100 Million
• Municipal Construction & Labour Cost : Rp. 200 MillionCommunity empowerment : Rp. 50 Million
• NGO BORDACommunity empowerment : ± Rp. 50 Million
• Community (in-kind & in-cash) : 2- 4 % from the total funding
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60
80
100
120
140
Province
Cities
Province 2 2 3 20 22 16 17Cities 6 7 10 53 80 69 65Location 6 8 11 65 125 108 97
0
20
40
60
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Cities
Location
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MORE THAN MORE THAN 420 420 SANIMAS/CBS CLUSTERS ALL OVER SANIMAS/CBS CLUSTERS ALL OVER INDONESIAINDONESIA
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CONCEPTCONCEPTFacilitate and assist poor urban communities to plan, implement and maintain sanitation systems of their choiceSanitation systems built will become demonstration projects to promote community based sanitation within poor urban areas of Indonesia
OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVETo improve sanitation conditions of poor in densely populated urban area using the community based sanitation/CBS approach To ensure that the community based sanitation/ CBS become one of the options for the local government’s wastewater management system
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SANIMAS PrinciplesSANIMAS PrinciplesDemand Responsive Approach
SANIMAS project will only assist and facilitate municipalities and communities who express an explicit demand.
Self-selection Eligible municipalities having a high verifiable demand for SANIMAS will be selected and Such communities having past experiences in self help projects, show active commitment and are ready to contribute time and resources are more likely to be selected than others
Multi-source FinancingStakeholders from communities, local government and central government will share investment costs for implementing SANIMAS.
Participatory of beneficiariesSuccessful implementation of SANIMAS rely on active participation of public and community stakeholders during planning and construction.
Technology Informed ChoicesSANIMAS system has several technical options such as : toilet component, collection component, treatment component and Disposal/reuse component.
Capacity BuildingTraining of Facilitators and communities in : community organization & institution building; identifying, selecting and implementing SANIMAS technical options; healthy sanitation and hygiene practices.
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SANIMAS FILLS THE GAPSANIMAS FILLS THE GAP
CONVENI Common on-site
S it ti S t
Conventional centralized & high costs systems
SANIMASSANIMASoptionsoptions
COST
ENCE
Sanitation Systems
US$ 600/HHUS$ 300/HHUS$ 100/HH14
MAIN SANIMAS/CBS SYSTEMSMAIN SANIMAS/CBS SYSTEMS
• Simplified sewerage system that is connected to appropriate wastewater treatment plant (in poor areas where majority of households are privately owned and space is available for sanitary hardware)
• Community Sanitation Center that comprises ofCommunity Sanitation Center that comprises of water point, toilets, bathrooms and laundry area in areas where majority live in rented rooms/households and no space is available for sanitary hardware
• Shared septic tank that is only possible to connect household within the clusters of 5-6 HHs
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Simplified Sewerage System
Shared Septic Tank
PREFERED SANIMAS PREFERED SANIMAS OPTIONSOPTIONS
Community Sanitation Centre (MCK+++)
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COMMUNITY CHOICE OF TECHNOLOGYCOMMUNITY CHOICE OF TECHNOLOGY
No. Year CHOSEN TECHNOLOGYCommunity
Sanitation CenterSimplified Sewerage TOTAL
1 2003 3 3 62 2004 6 2 83 200 8 2 103 2005 8 2 104 2006 57 11 685 2007 100 25 1256 2008 81 27 1088 2009 74 23 97
TOTALTOTAL 327327 9393 420420
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SANIMAS IMPLEMENTATION STEPSSANIMAS IMPLEMENTATION STEPS
Preparation of Facilitators :- Selection- Training
Letter of Interest
Location Elected
- Municipal Elected- MoU signed- TFL Terpilih
MUNICIPALITY SELECTIONLocation CandidatesLocal Facilitator Agent (LFA) candidateMoU Preparation
PREPARATIONSosialization Workshop
COMMUNITY SELECTIONLonglist Shortlist
CAP Document
- Operator Training- Health Campaign for User
- Community Group formed - Community Group Training- Foreman Training- Labor Training
Infrastructure ready to use
Shortlist
Organization, Technology Choice , DED, Cost, Time Schedule
COMMUNITY ACTION PLAN
Operational, Monitoring & Evaluation by Community
CBS CONSTRUCTION
OPERATION & MAINTENANCE
- Standardized Effluent- Water related epidemy decreased- Sustainability Development
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The sanitation system chosen should be The sanitation system chosen should be allall of of the following*:the following*:
socioculturaly acceptable
economically feasible
financially affordable
technically appropriate, and
institutionally feasible.Source: Duncan Mara, SA10. Settled Sewerage
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ANTICIPATED CHALLENGES: TECHNICAL TEAMANTICIPATED CHALLENGES: TECHNICAL TEAM
• Ensure the quality and sustainability of the sanitation facilityC it b ildi f• Capacity building for Design Engineers, Assistant Supervisors and Supervisors
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ANTICIPATED CHALLENGES: COMMUNITY ANTICIPATED CHALLENGES: COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONSORGANIZATIONS
Capacity building for community: CBOs Association Increase bargaining
fposition of poor communitySupport to speed up the dissemination at national scaleSharing experiences and problems among CBOs and operators
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COMMUNITY BEHAVIOUR COMMUNITY BEHAVIOUR CHANGESCHANGES
SANIMASSANIMASSANIMASSANIMAS
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SHALLOW SEWER : BLITAR SHALLOW SEWER : BLITAR –– EAST JAVA EAST JAVA
R T . 0 3 R W I I , L I N G K U N G A N M A S J ID , K E L U R A H A N K A U M A N K O T A B L I T A R
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BLITARBLITAR
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BLITARBLITAR BLITARBLITAR
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P3
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ah K
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P SudarTp+A
P Sudar
P Jarwo
KM /WC
P Putu Ardika
P JarwoT/Tp
P Paidi T/Tp
P Suryono T/Tp
P BasukiTp
P LuhurT/Tp
Rumah Kos
Rumah Kos
Rumah Kos
Rumah Kos
P Panijon T/Tp
P MulyonoT/Tp
MCKUmum
SHALLOW SEWER : DENPASAR SHALLOW SEWER : DENPASAR -- BALIBALI
P4
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Jl. Cokroaminoto
Toko HEROBir BINTANG
Pabrik ES
P CitroT/Tp
P HambaliA
P RifaiT/Tp
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P CholicA
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P CholicP Cholic
Rum
ah K
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P HasanT/Tp
P LatiefT/Tp
P H. SahroniT/Tp
P TotoA
P NasikinT/Tp
P ParmanT/Tp
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P SukrisT/Tp
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umah
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Rumah Kos
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ah K
os
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ah K
os
Griya
Pura
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Bale Banjar
Mushola
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DENPASARDENPASAR
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DENPASARDENPASAR
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DENPASARDENPASAR
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BEST PRACTICE : BIOGASBEST PRACTICE : BIOGASPublic Toilet and Shallow Sewer for home industry (tofu) equipped with bio-digester to produce Biogas.
Biogas can be use as an energy alternative for household (HH).
Technology Input Output : Biogas
Shallow Sewer (Home Industry)
150 kg soybean/day 2 HH, @ 1 stove
Public Toilet 100 HH 2 HH, @ 1 stove
Biogas Production Biogas Production
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BIOGAS APPLICATIONBIOGAS APPLICATION
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Sedimentation
Baffle ReaktorAnaerobic Filter
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BIODIGESTERBIODIGESTER
Digester
tation
Design Public Toilet
• 10 Toilets
• 2 Bathrooms
• 1 Washing33
THANK YOU THANK YOU FOR FOR YOUR KIND YOUR KIND ATTENTIONATTENTION
Handy B. Handy B. LegowoLegowoSubSub--directorate of Wastewater Developmentdirectorate of Wastewater Development
Directorate of Environmental Sanitation DevelopmentDirectorate of Environmental Sanitation DevelopmentJlnJln. . PattimuraPattimura 20, 20, KebayoranKebayoran BaruBaru
Jakarta Jakarta –– Indonesia 12110Indonesia 12110Website : Website : [email protected]@yahoo.com
Phone : +6221Phone : +6221--727971757279717534