( i )

By

Dr. Mani Bhushan Mishra

Upkar Prakashan, Agra-2

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First Edition : 2012

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Contents●●●●● Solved Papers

Section–1

Ancient India ..................................................................................................................................... 3–180

Pre-Historical Periods .......................................................................................................................... 3

Indus Valley Civilisation (2350-1750 BC) .......................................................................................... 4

The Vedic Age (1500-600 BC) : Advent of the Aryans ................................................................... 8

Rigvedic Age (1500-1000 BC) ............................................................................................................. 8

Later Vedic Age (1000-600 BC) ........................................................................................................... 10

Vedic Literature ..................................................................................................................................... 12

Jainism and Buddhism ......................................................................................................................... 14

The Age of Mahajanpadas (650-325 BC) .......................................................................................... 18

Maurya Period ...................................................................................................................................... 19

Other Regional Kingdoms .................................................................................................................. 22

The Sangam Age .................................................................................................................................. 23

Post-Maurya or Pre-Gupta Period ..................................................................................................... 23

Gupta Period ......................................................................................................................................... 25

Harsha and His Times .......................................................................................................................... 28

Post-Gupta Period ................................................................................................................................ 28

Literature ............................................................................................................................................... 32

● Multiple Choice Questions ........................................................................................................... 33

Section–2

Medieval India ......................................................................................................................................181–265

The Delhi Sultanate (1206-1526 AD) ................................................................................................. 181

Khilji Dynasty (1290-1320) .................................................................................................................. 182

Tughlaq Dynasty (1320-1412) ............................................................................................................ 183

Sayyid Dynasty (1414-1451) ............................................................................................................... 185

Lodhi Dynasty (1451-1526) ................................................................................................................. 185

Polity and Administration during the Sultanate Period ................................................................. 185

The Great Mughals .............................................................................................................................. 186

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Other Regional Kingdoms .................................................................................................................. 189

Later Mughals (1707-1857) ................................................................................................................. 195

● Multiple Choice Questions ........................................................................................................... 196

Section–3

Modern India ...................................................................................................................................... 266–304

Rise of Autonomous States ................................................................................................................ 266

Advent of the Europeans ................................................................................................................... 268

British Conquest of India ................................................................................................................... 269

Revolt of 1857 ....................................................................................................................................... 270

Major Uprisings Before 1857 .............................................................................................................. 272

The Years After the Revolt ................................................................................................................. 273

The Early Nationalists (1885-1905) .................................................................................................... 274

Rise and Growth of Militant Nationalism ......................................................................................... 275

Emergence of Gandhi / Non-Cooperation Movement .................................................................... 278

Swaraj Party / Civil Disobedience ...................................................................................................... 279

Revolutionary Terrorism of the Second Phase ................................................................................ 283

The Years 1935-39 ................................................................................................................................. 285

India and World War II / Quit India Movement ............................................................................... 286

Post World War II / Achievement of Freedom ................................................................................. 287

Growth of Communalism ..................................................................................................................... 289

Growth of Indian Press ........................................................................................................................ 289

Miscellaneous ...................................................................................................................................... 291

Governor Generals and Viceroys ....................................................................................................... 292

Constitutional Developments in India .............................................................................................. 297

Important Committees / Commissions .............................................................................................. 298

Social and Cultural Awakening .......................................................................................................... 298

Congress Sessions from 1885-1950 ................................................................................................... 299

Socio-Religious Reform Movements ................................................................................................ 301

Legislations for Social Reforms .......................................................................................................... 302

Movements for Women’s Emancipation ........................................................................................... 302

The Islamic Reform Movements ........................................................................................................ 303

Lower Caste Movements .................................................................................................................... 303

Legislations for the Development of Education .............................................................................. 304

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Section–4

Art and Culture ................................................................................................................................. 305–310

Language and Literature ..................................................................................................................... 305

Section–5

Religion ............................................................................................................................................... 311–326

Hinduism ................................................................................................................................................ 311

Sikhism ................................................................................................................................................... 313

Islam ....................................................................................................................................................... 314

Christianity, Judaism and Zoroastrianism ......................................................................................... 315

Indian Architecture .............................................................................................................................. 315

Indian Dance ......................................................................................................................................... 317

Indian Painting ...................................................................................................................................... 320

Indian Drama / Theatre ........................................................................................................................ 324

Indian Cinema ....................................................................................................................................... 325

Indian Society ....................................................................................................................................... 326

● Multiple Choice Questions ........................................................................................................... 327

Section–6

World History ....................................................................................................................................... 468-480

● Multiple Choice Questions ........................................................................................................... 472

Section–7

Research in History .............................................................................................................................. 481-507

● Multiple Choice Questions ........................................................................................................... 497

Previous Years Questions ....................................................................................................................... 508–628

● Ancient India .................................................................................................................................... 508

● Medieval India .................................................................................................................................. 543

● Modern India .................................................................................................................................... 593

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Syllabus

PAPER–II

1. CONCEPTS, IDEAS AND TERMS

BharatvarshaSabha and SamitiVarnasramaPurusharthasRinaSamskarasYajnaDoctrine of KarmaDandaniti/ArthasastraSaptangaDhanavijayaStupa/ChaityaNagara/Dravida/VesaraBodhisattva/TrithankaraAlvars/NayanarsSreniChauthHundi (Bill of Exchange)SarrafPolygarsJagirDasturMansab (Rank)DeshmukhNaduParganaBengal VaishnavismAlt MaghaShahna-i-MandiMercantilismEconomic NationalismIndian RenaissanceEconomic DrainColonialism

ParamountcyKara/VishtiStridhanaMemorial stories

AgraharasKhilafatSulh-i-kulMaharashtra-dharma

Turkan-i-ChaldghaniWatanBalutaIqta

JizyahMadad-i-maashAmaramRaya-Rekho

JangamaDyarchyFederalismUtilitarianism

Flitration TheoryForward Policy

Doctrine of Lapse

Satyagraha

Swadeshi

Revivalism

Communalism

Orientalism

De-industrialisation

Subsidiary Alliance

Evangelicalism

Bhudan

Panchsheel

Mixed Economy

Indian left

Hindi Code Bill

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2. ANCIENT INDIAN HISTORY

Sources

Archaeological Sources

Exploration, excavation epigraphy, numismatics,monuments.

Literary Sources

Indigenous : Primary and Secondary—Problemsof dating, myths, legends, poetry, scientificliterature, literature in regional languages,religious literature.Foreign accounts Greek, Chinese and Arabwriters.

Pre-history and Proto-history

Man and Environment—geographical factors,Hunting and gathering (Paleolithic andMesolithic); Beginning of agriculture (Neolithicand Chalcolithic).Indus Valley Civilization-origin, date, extent,characteristics. decline, surviva1 and significance.Iron age; Second urbanisation

Vedic Period

Migration and settlements; dating the Vedic,literary and archaeological evidences, evoluationof social and political institutions; religious andphilosophical ideas, rituals and practices.

Period of Mahajanapadas

Formation of States (Mahajanapadas); Republicsand Monarchies; rise of urban centres; traderoutes; economic growth; introduction ofcoinage; spread of Jainism and Buddhism; riseof Magadha and Nandas, Iranian andMacedonian invasions and heir impact.

Mauryan Empire

Foundation of the Mauryan Empire,Chandragupta, Kautilya and Arthashastra;Ashoka Concept of Dhrama; Edicts: Brahrni andKharosthi scripts.Administration; economy; architecture andsculpture : external contacts, disintegration ofthe empire; Sungas and Kanvas.

Post-Mauryan Period (Indo-Greeks, Sakas,Kushana, Western Kshatrapas)

Contact with outside world; growth of urbancentres, economy, coinage, development ofreligions, Mahayana, social conditions, art andarchitecture, literature and science.

Early state and society-in Eastern India, Deccanand South India

Kharavela, The Satavahanas, Tamil States of theSangam Age, Administration; economy, landgrants, coinage, trade guilds and urban centres,Buddhist centres, Sangam literature and culture;art and architecture.

Imperial Guptas and Regional States of India

Guptas and Vakataks, Harsha, Administration,economic conditions, coinage of the Guptas,land grants, decline of urban centres, Indainfeudalism, caste system, position of women,educationand educational institutions-Nalanda,Vikramshila and Vallabhi, contact withneighbouring countries—Central Asia, SouthEast Asia and China, Sanskrit literature, scientificliterature, art and architecture.The Kadambas, Gangas, Pallavas and Chalukyasof Badami— Administration, trade guilds,Sanskrit literature and growth of regionallanguages and scripts; growth of Vaishnava andSaiva religions, Tamil Bhakti Movement,Shankaracharya—Vedanta; Institutions oftemple and temple architecture.Varmanas of Kamrup; Palas and Senas,Rashtrakutas, Prathiharas, Kalachuri-Chedis;Paramaras; Chalukyas of Gujarat; Arabcontacts—-Ghaznavi Conquest Alberuni.The Chalukyas of Kalyana, Cholas, Chera,Hoysalas, Pandyas—Administration and localGovernment, growth of art and architecture,religious sects, Institution of temple andMathas, Agraharas, education and literature,economy and society, contact with Sri Lankaand South–East Asia.

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3. MEDIEVAL INDIAN HISTORY

Sources

Archaeological, epigraphic and numismaticmaterials and monuments.Chronicles.Litearary sources—Persian, Sanksrit andRegional languages.Archival materials.Foreign travellers accounts.

Political Developments

The Sultanate—the Ghorids, the Turks, theKhaljis. the Tughluqs, the Sayyids and theLodis.Foundation of the Mughal Empire—Babur,Humayun and the Suris; expansion from Akbarto Aurangzeb.Decline of the Mughal empire—political,administrative and economic c uses.Later Mughals and disintegration of the Mughalempire. The Vijayanagara and the Bahmanis—rise, expansion and disintegration. The Marathamovement, the foundation of Swaraj by Shivaji;its expansion under the Peshwas; MarathaConfederacy—causes of decline.

Administration

Administration under the Sultanate—civil,judicial, revenue, fiscal and militarySher Shah’s administrative reforms; Mughaladministration—land revenue and other sourcesincome; Mansabdari and Jagirdari.Administrative system in the Deccan—theVijayanagara the Bahmanis and the Marathas

Economic Aspects

Agricultural production—village economy;peasantry urban centres and population.

Industries—cotton textiles, handicrafts, agro-based industries, organisation, karkhanas,technology.Trade and commerce—State policies, internaland external trade; European trade, trade centresand ports, transport and communication.

Financing trade, commerce and industries;Hundi (Bills of Exchange) and insurance.Currency.

Socio-religious Movements

The Sufis—their orders, beliefs and practices,the leading Sufi saints.Bhakti cult—Shaivism and its branches:Vaishnavism and its branches.The Saints of the medieval period—north andsouth—their impact on socio-political andreligious life.The Sikh movement—Guru Nanak Dev and histeaching and practices—Adi Granth; the Khalsa.

Society

Classification—ruling class, major religiousgroups, the mercantile and professional classes.Rural society—petty chieftains, village officials,cultivators and Position of Women.

Cultural Life

System of Educational and its motivations.Literature—Persian, Sanksrit and Regionallanguages.Fine Arts—major schools of painting; music.Architectural developments of the North andSouth India; Indo-Islamic architecture.

4. MODERN INDIAN HISTORY

Sources and Historiography

Archival materials, biographies and memories,newspapers.Oral evidence, creative literature and painting.Concerns in Modern Indian Historiography—Imperialist, Nationalist, Marxist and Subaltern.

Rise of British PowerEuropean traders in India in the 17th and 18thcenturies—Portuguese, Dutch, French and theBritish.The establishment and expansion of Britishdominion in Indlia.British relations with and subjugation of theprincipal Indian Powers–Bengal, Oudh,Hyderabad, Mysore, Marathas and the Sikhs.

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Administration of the Company and Crown

Evolution of central and provincial structureunder the East India Compay 1773–1853Paramountacy, Civil Service, Judiciary, Policeand the Army under the Company and Crown.Local Self-GovernmentConstitutional changes, 1909–1935

Economic History

Changing composition, volume and direction oftrade; ‘The Tribute’.Expansion and commercialisation of agriculture,land rights, land settlements, rural indebtedness,landless laboursDecline of industries—changing socio-economicconditions of artisans; De-urbanisation.British industrial Policy; major modernindustries; nature of factory legislation : labourand trade union movements.Monetary policy; banking, currency andexchange, Rail ways and Road Transport.Growth of new urban centres; new features oftown planning and architecture.Famines and epidemics and the governmentpolicy.Economic Thought—English utilitarians; Indianeconomic historians; the Drain theory.

Indian Society in Transition

Contact with Christianity—the Missions:critique of Indian social and economic practicesand religious beliefs; educational and otheractivities.The New Education—government policy;levels and contents; English language; modernscience; Indian initiatives in education.Raja Ram Mohan Roy; socio-religious reforms;emergence of middle class; caste associationsand caste mobility.Women’s Question—Nationalist Discourse:Women’s Organisations; British legislationconcerning women; Constitutional position.The Printing Press—journalistic activity and thepublic opinion.Modernisation of Indian languages and literaryforms—reorientation in painting, music andperforming arts.

National Movement

Rise of Indian nationalism, social and economicbases of nationalism.Revolt of 1857 and different social classes.Tribal and Peasant movements.Ideologies and programmes of the IndianNational Congress, 1885- 1920.Trends and Swadeshi movement.Ideologies and programmes of Indianrevolutionaries in India and abroad.Gandhian Mass Movements.Ideology and Programmes of the Justice Party.Left Wing Politics.Movement of the Depressed classes.Communal politics and genesis of Pakistan.Towards Independence of Partition.

India after Independence (1947–1964)

Rehabilitation after Partition.Integration of the Indian States; The KashmirQuestion.The making of the Indian Constitution.The structure of Bureaucracy and the Police.The demographic trends.Economic policies and the planning process.Linguistic reorganisation of States.Foreign Policy initiatives

World History : Concepts, Ideas and Terms

Pre-history,Burial Practices,Humanism,Enlightened Despotism,Mother-Goddess,Law codes,Athenian Democracy,Imperial Rome,Slavery,Aristocracy,Confucianism,Manorial system,Black Death,Feudalism,Non-alignment,Parliamentary Democracy,

UGC NET/JRF/SET History Facts At AGlance (Paper-II And III)

Publisher : Upkar Prakashan ISBN : 9789350133231Author : Mani BhushanMishra

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