* GB785673 (A)

Description: GB785673 (A) ? 1957-10-30

Improvements in soil resistant pile fabrics and method of making them

Description of GB785673 (A)

PATENT SPECIFICATION 7853,673 4,, Date of Application and filing Complete Specification April 3, 1956. I i 9 @i No 10139/56. Application made in United States of America oi June 29, 1955. Complete Specification Published Oct 30,1957. Index at acceptance: -Class 15 ( 2), GAX, GB 2 (A 1: A 2: 11: BX), GB 5 (A: C), GC 2 A 12 ( 132: B 3: B 4). International Classification: -DO 6 m. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements in Soil Resistant Pile Fabrics and method of making them We, 1 00 HASCO INDUSTRIES, INC, a Corporation organized and existing under the Laws of the State of New York, United States of America, of Amsterdam, Montgomery County, State of New York, United States of America, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- This invention relates to the treatment of pile fabrics to cause their pile surfaces to resist permanent soiling and is concerned more particularly with a novel soil-resistant pile fabric and a method, by which pile fabrics may oce treated to inhibit their tendency to become permanently soiled and discolored The fabrics of the invention may be of various types, such as floor covering fabrics and drapery and upholstery materials, but, since utilization of the invention in connection with pile fabric carpets and rugs affords special advantages, the application of the invention to that field will be illustrated and described in detail for purposes of explanation. In the manufacture of carpeting, it was the practice for many years to

utilize pile yarns spun from a coarse grade of wool, since a pile made of such yarns is of good appearance and durability and does not crush readily in use. When a pile made of all-wool yarns becomes dirty, the dirt may ordinarily be removed without difficulty by the usual sweeping, beating, vacuum cleaning, etc As a result, a carpet pile made of all-wool yarns is not liable to become permanently soiled in use, although long periods of service under heavy, dirty traffic conditions may result in such soiling. More recently, all-wool pile yarns have been displaced to a considerable extent in carpet manufacture by yarns containing vegetable fibres or synthetic fibers The vegetable fibers, which have been used, include cotton and jute, while the artificial fibres include those of lPrice 3 s 6 d l viscose rayon, acetate rayon, nylon, and polyvinyl chloride and various other well known synthetic resins The artificial fibers have usually been employed in blends or mixtures, which frequently contain wool, while cotton fibers are used in the form of all-cotton yarns, which are commonly employed in sewn tufted fabrics made on sewing machines Pile yarns spun from blends of wool and artificial fibers, for example, or made entirely of artificial fibers or vegetable fibers are satisfactory in many respects, but a carpet pile made of yarns containing 20 % or more by weight of at least one vegetable fiber or artificial fiber has been found to soil rapidly in use and cannot be readily restored to its original condition, so that the soiling and discoloration are likely to become permanent. The present invention is accordingly directed to the provision of a pile fabric, in which the yarns forming the pile have been treated in such a way that the pile resists permanent soiling better than an untreated pile of the same yarns The new fabric has the desirable resistance to soiling as a result of having been treated by the new method. For a better understanding of the invention, reference may be made to the accompanying drawing, in which:Figure 1 is a view of an enlarged scale and in perspective of one form of the fabric of the invention suitable for use as a floor covering, and Figure 2 is a view similar to Figure 1 of another form of the fabric of the invention. The fabric shown in Figure 1 is of conventional velvet carpet construction and it includes a backing made up of stuffer warps 10, binder warps or fine chains 11 in two sets, and weft yarns 12, 13 lying, respectively, above and below the stuffer warps and bound in place by the binder warps The pile of the fabric is made up of heavy pile yarns 14, each of which has a portion 14 a bound beneath a I e 785,673 weft yarn 12 and another portion 14 b projecting upwardly in

the form of a pair of tuft legs In the weaving of the fabric, the pile yarns are raised as loops over pile wires provided with knives and, upon withdrawal of each wire, the loops of pile yarn thereover are cut This permits the yarns forming the tuft legs to untwist and expand somewhat and the cut ends 14 c of the yarns are sheared in finishing operations, so that these ends lie substantially in a plane and together form the pile surface. The fabric shown in Figure 2 is of conventional tapestry carpet weave and it includes stuffer warps 15, binder warps or fine chains 16 m two sets, and weft yarns 17, 18 lying, respectively, above and below the stuffer warps and bound in place by the binder warps The pile of the fabric is formed by heavy pile 2 C yarns 19, which have portions 19 a anchored in the backing by being passed beneath weft yarns 17 During the weaving, each pile yarn is raised over a non-cutting pile wire to form a loop 20 between each two adjacent weft yarns 17 and, upon removal of the wires, the tuft yarns remain as loops The tops and the sides of the loops adjacent the tops then form the visible part of the surface of the pile. The fabric of the invention includes a pile, which has been treated to increase its resistance to permanent soiling and discoloration and the treated pile possesses such resistance because of the presence on the visible portions of the yarns forming the pile elements of discrete extremely fine particles of a non-filmforming synthetic resin of the class consisting of polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, vinyl chloride-vinylidene chloride copolymers, polystyrene, and styrene-butadiene copolymers. Resins which are non-film-forming, as that term is here used, do not form continuous films when colloidal solutions thereof are dried at room temperature, although such resins may be fused by drying at elevated temperatures Since the resin is to be present on the pile yarns in discrete particles and carpets are exposed to elevated temperatures in driers in finishing operations, the resin employed should have a softening point such that the particles of resin will not become tacky at ordinary drier temperatures The temperatures in driers vary considerably, but, if the softening point of the resin is at least about 175 F, the passage through a drier of a carpet with a pile carrying the resin particles is not likely to cause the particles to soften and stick together. The formation of a coating of discrete particles of resin confined substantially to the outer exposed portions of the yarns forming the elements of a pile may advantageously be effected by applying a dilute aqueous colloidal solution of the resin to the pile surface by means of a roller applicator, although spraying and other well known methods may be employed In the formation of the colloidal solution, certain

emulsifying agents may be employed Many emulsifying agents hold particles of soil, so that such agents may not be used in the practice of the process The emulsifying agents found satisfactory are of the 70 anionic type and a typical example of such an agent is sodium lauryl sulfate. In the application of the colloidal solution. it is employed in dilute form, so that the solids present have a dry weight equal to 5 % or less 75 of the weight of the solution with 3 %,' a satisfactory concentration The roller applicator includes a driven roll dipping into a bath of the solution and the carpet is passed with its pile surface down over the top of the roller with the 50 tips of the pile elements lightly contacting the roller The fabric is then passed immediately into a drier By the application of the colloidal solution in the manner described, the solution is kept from penetrating the pile to any con 85 siderable extent and, when the coating is dried, the resin Darticles are found substantially only on the outer visible portions of the pile. The resins found to be most advantageous in the practice of the invention are unplasti 90 cized but some plasticized resins may also be employed and are thus the equivalents of unplasticized resins for the purpose of the invention The factor, which determines whether a plasticized resin may be satisfactorily employed 95 in the psactice of the invention, is the nature of the plasticizer employed Plasticizers of the non-solvent type, which have a tendency to exude after a period of time from the surface of the resins with which they are used, are 100 objectionable, since such plasticizers exposed at the surface of the resin hold soil particles. The plasticizers, which are acceptable, are those of the solvent type, which combine with the resin at relatively low temperatures, such 105 as 212 > F, instead of the normal high temperatures of plastic curing ranging from about 300 F to 40 O F Acceptable plasticizers also do not migrate and are not lost by volatilization The plasticizers, which can be 110 employed, vary with the resin and examples of plasticizers suitable for use with polyvinyl chloride resin are glycerin and dibutyl phthalate Tricresyl phosphate is a typical plasticizer unsatisfactory for use with polyvinyl chloride 115 in the practice of the method, since it is of the non-solvent type and exudes from the resin to be exposed in a position to hold soil particles. In the application of the colloidal solution of resin, the solid material deposited ranges fromn 120 about O 10 oz to about 1 0 oz per square yard of pile surface treated When the coated fabric issues from the drier, it is desirable as part of the finishing operations to brush the pile surface to improve its appearance and 125 separate yarns, which may have become matted together In the brushing

operation, a part of the coating of resin particles on the pile elements is removed The extent of the removal of particles depends on the weight of the 130 was considered to be substantially as soft as in its original uncoated condition.

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* GB785674 (A)

Description: GB785674 (A) ? 1957-10-30

Improvements in and relating to potato planters

Description of GB785674 (A)

COMPLET SPECIFICATION Improvements in and relating to Potato Planters We, AKTIEBOLAGET OVERUMS BRUK, of Overum, Sweden, a Body Corporate organized under the laws of the Kingdom of Sweden, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement :- This invention relates to potato planters of the kind which comprise a receptacle for potatoes with a driven rotary feed device for the potatoes and one or more ploughs for making furrows in the ground for the potatoes. One object of the invention is to provide a potato planter suitable for coupling to a tractor. Another object of the invention is to mount the potato planter on the tractor in such a way that the planter always maintains its longitudinal direction in fixed relation to the tractor.

A further object of the invention is to provide a tractor-carried potato planter with a feeding device operating automatically without manual attention. According to the invention there is provided a potato planter comprising a potato receptacle adapted to be mounted with its fore end on a tractor by means of an upper link and two lower side links and having its rear portion supported by a travelling wheel, said links being connected with the hydraulic lift device of the tractor said travelling wheel being in driving connection with the potato feed device and located behind and at one side of the plough or ploughs. A specific embodiment of the invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which :- Figure 1 is a side view of a potato planter made in accordance with the invention and Figure 2 is a back view of the potato planter as connected with a tractor. The potato planter comprises a potato receptacle 1, a driven potato feed device 2 and a plough 3 attached to the potato receptacle for making a furrow in the ground for the fed potatoes. The potato receptacle is adapted to be mounted vertically movable on a tractor 4, as shown in Figure 2, by means of an upper link and two lower links 6, which lower links are connected with the hydraulic lift device, not shown, of the tractor. Further said receptacle has its rear portion supported by a travelling wheel 8, suitably provided with spikes 7, which has a driving connection with the potato feed device 2 by means of a vee-belt transmission. In addition the travelling wheel is mounted adjustably on a transverse shaft 16 at a distance from the plough 3, which corresponds to the desired distance between the potato furrows, so that for the tractor driver the track from the travelling wheel will constitute a marking for the next potato furrow. Due to the fact that the potato planter is connected so as not to be transversally movable with respect to the tractor, the potato planter will always be in a position straight behind the tractor so that the tractor driver is always aware of the position of the plough of the machine. When transporting the planter across a field and between the end of one furrow and the beginning of the next furrow, or when reversing, the planter may be elevated by means of the hydraulic lift device on the tractor. Further by means of that fact the turning plots on the field may be made so narrow as the sole tractor will allow. In the embodiment shown the upper link is made as a fork with two backwardly directed branches, which are pivotally attached to the machine by means of bolts 9 mounted transversally of the machine near the upper fore corner and each on its own side of the potato receptacle, besides which a forwards directed part 10 connecting said

two branches is inserted between two lugs in the upper rear portion of t} e chassis chassis pivotally connected with the lugs by means of a transverse bolt 13, which is inserted through the lugs and a bolt hole 12 in said part 10. The rear ends of the lower links 6 are threaded on transverse pins 14 in frame parts 15, which are extending downwardly below the fore portion of the potato receptacle 1. The lower links are connected with the hydraulic lift device of the tractor. A shaft 16 protrudes from the left side of the potato planter and the travelling wheel 8 is displaceable along said shaft and attachable to it by means of rings 17 and 18, which are threaded on the shaft, each on its own side of the travelling wheel, and are attachable to the shaft in desired positions by means of bolts 19 screwed against the shaft. Preferably the travelling wheel 8 is attached in a position straight behind the left hand rear wheel 20 of the tractor, so that the travelling wheel will roll on earth consolidated by said rear wheel, by means of which slippage of the travelling wheel will be avoided as loose earth will not be encountered thereby. Near the travelling wheel the left hand ring 17 is provided with a ratchet wheel 21, which co-operates with a springloaded latch 22 at the left hand side of the travelling wheel. The latch is arranged in the manner of a free-wheel device so that forward motion locks the latch against one of the ratchet teeth and therewith connects the travelling wheel with the shaft, so that the travelling wheel will drive the potato feed member 2, but backward motion allows the latch to slip over the ratchet teeth, so that a driving of the shaft and consequently breakdown of the potato feed device will be prevented. The vee-belt transmission between the travelling wheel 8 and the potato feed device comprises a pulley 23, which is attached to the right hand end of the shaft 16, a pulley 25, which is attached to the shaft 24 of the potato feed device and a vee-belt 26, which is laid over said pulleys. The shaft 16 is transverse to the machine and the shaft 24 is directed forwards, for which reason there are provided a pair of pulley rolls 28 carried in bearings in a frame part 27, which rolls prevent the belt from sliding off from the pulleys. The shaft 16 of the travelling wheel 8 is carried in bearings 29 mounted on a transverse yoke 30 secured to two arms 31, which extend forwards and have their fore ends swingably mounted on a shaft secured to a frame portion 32 attached to the potato receptacle. Said shaft is located coaxially to a bolt 33, the purpose of which will be described below. The two forwardly bent ends of a bar 34, shaped as an inverted U are attached to the yoke between the bearings 29. In the upper portion of said bar a threaded bolt 35 si attached and inserted in an eye 36 in a frame part 37, which is attached to the potato receptacle. The bolt is

attached by means of nuts 38, which are threaded each on its own side of the eye. By screwing the two nuts upwardly the yoke 30, together with the shaft 16, moves downwards so that the vee-beIt 26 will be tightened. The vee-belt will be loosened by a screwing of the nuts in the opposite direction. The potato feed device is known per se and is described in detail in British Patent Specification No. 657,406. It is indicated only diagrammatically in the drawings and comprises a disc 2, which is attached to and rotates with the shaft 24, said disc constitutes or is located near the rear wall of the potato receptacle. Spring-actuated grippers 40 are mounted in said disc swingable around pins 39, which are substantially tangential to the circle of grippers. Each gripper is arranged to grip a potato, which by means of a pusher 41 attached below the gripper, has been fed out of the receptacle. A guide rail 42 is mounted behind the bottom portion of the disc and co-operates with the grippers and swings out these in suitable positions, so that the potatoes, as held by the grippers, will loosen and fall down in a feed chute 43, which is located above and behind the plough 3. From the chute the potatoes fall further downwards and into the furrow made in the ground by the plough. The guide rail 42 comprises a circularly bent bar, the two ends 44 and 45 of which are inserted each in its own hole in the framework and held by means of nuts 46 and 47 threaded on these ends 44 and 45 respectively on mutual sides of respective frame parts. To ensure that the potatoes strike the walls of the feed chute as gently as possible the guide rail should contact the grippers at such a point that the grippers will release and give them a downwards velocity of fall through the central portion of the feed chute. To some degree the position of this point is adjustable by means of outwardly or inwardly screwing the two nuts 46 on the end 44 of the rail. When the grippers release the potatoes, the potatoes will be thrown a certain distance due to the rotation of the disc 2. The throwing distances are in some degree dependent on the shapes and size of the different potatoes, which circumstance gives rise to varying distances between the potatoes in one and the same furrow, if the plane of the disc 2 is parallel to the driving direction of the potato planter. By the arrangement of the disc 2 with its plane in transverse direction to the driving direction of the machine as shown in the drawing the somewhat differing throwing distances certainly will cause heavier potatoes to fall somewhat to the left of and lighter potatoes somewhat to the right of the centre line of the furrow. but the distances between the different potatoes will in the main be of the same magnitude. To cover the planted potatoes with earth the potato planter is

provided with two oblique earthing-up discs 48, which are located behind the feed chute 43 and are rotatably carried in bearings. These discs are mounted at the rear arm of a double-armed lever 49, which is swingably carried in a bearing on a bolt 33, which is mounted on a line with the swinging axis of the yoke 30. The front arm of the lever is connected by means of a draw spring 50 and a chain 51 to the frame work 15 at such a point, that the draw spring will urge said end upwards, so that the earthing-up discs will be resiliently pressed towards the ground. 52 is an oblique bar for bracing the lever laterally. The obliquely forwardly directed end of said bar is journalled on the same shaft as the two arms 31 and thus has the same swinging axis as the lever 49. The earthing-up discs are carried in bearings each at its own end of a transverse beam 53, which is swingably carried in a bearing around a shaft 54, which is parallel to the driving direction and located in the rear arm of the lever 49, so that the discs will better be able to cover the furrow over the set potatoes. In order that the potato planter may be able to stand on the ground in a convenient position when it is disconnected from the tractor, a support strut 55 is hingedly connected in a bearing with the inwards directed end of the left hand pin 14. When the strut is lowered and the potato planter disconnected from the tractor, the machine will rest on the strut 55, the travelling wheel 8 and the plough 3. What we claim is :- 1. A potato planter, comprising a receptacle for potatoes with a driven rotary feed device with clamping members for individual potatoes and one or more ploughs for making furrows in the ground for the potatoes, characterised in that the potato receptacle is adapted to be mounted with its fore end on a tractor by means of an upper link and two lower side links and has its rear portion supported by a travelling wheel, said links being connected with the hydraulic lift device of the tractor and said travelling wheel being in driving connection with the potato feed device and located behind and at one side of the plough or ploughs.

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* GB785675 (A)

Description: GB785675 (A) ? 1957-10-30

Improvements in or relating to manually closable seals

Description of GB785675 (A)

PATENT SPECIFICATION Date of application and filing Complete Specification: April 23, 1956. No 12323156. \ 9 y J// Application made in Netherlands on April 25, 1955. \ NN',;>,/ Complete Specification Published: Oct 30, 1957. Index at acceptance: -Class 146 ( 2), L 4 (A: B). International Classification:-B 43 f. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements in or relating to Manually Closable Seals I, JAN MOOLENAARS, of Dutch Nationality, of Dillenburglaan 2, Velp, The Netherlands, do hereby declare the invention, for which I pray that a patent may be granted to me, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- This invention relates to a suspensionmarking, or identification-seal, in particular a manually closable seal of the type comprising two integral box-shaped sections, adapted to be brought into closing position by bending them together and being so constructed that one or more cord elements or the like may be clamped-in between, the edge of the bottom of the one box-shaped section remote from the place of bending between the two sections being bent up and provided with a slot and the other section at its bottom edge remote from the bending place being provided with a lip which, when the two sections are bent together into closing position, after having been passed through the slot, is guided at its free end by the inner side of the first-mentioned section. In this and like manually closable seals it is possible, by spreading apart the lateral walls of the two box-shaped sections and/or by inserting an implement into the clamping place where the cord elements (the tie-cords), are clamped-in to reach and destroy by distortion the closing elements. The invention has for an object to render it practically impossible to

reach the closure elements, or in particular get access thereto from the clamping place To this end, according to the invention, the box-shaped section incorporating the slot is extended beyond the slot some distance towards the bending or clamping place between the two box-shaped sections and bent inwardly so as to form a transverse partition, the said box-shaped sections being provided with a dcpendin tongue and the lip of the other box-shaped section being provided with an aperture such that when the two box-shaped lPrice 3 s 6 d i sections occupy the final position the lip and the tongue are in interengagement. The transverse partition referred to above, which extends up to the bottom of the box 50 shaped section incorporating the slot constitutes a closure between the interengaging lip and tongue on the one hand and the clamping place of the cord elements on the other hand, so that getting access to the lip 55 and tongue from the clamping place is impossible, or at least is rendered very difficult. Preferably, according to the invention, the portion of the box-shaped section extending beyond the slot and hooked inwardly so as 60 to form the transverse partition constitutes a double wall by reason of the fact, that from the place where it meets the bottom of that section it has been extended along the inner side of the transverse partition and along the 65 portion extending beyond the slot, and that the depending tongue is formed at the free end of the inner wall so obtained. In this embodiment the lip and tongue are enclosed in a substantially double-walled 70 chamber and thereby are practically inaccessible. In another embodiment of the invention the depending tongue is punched out from the hooked portion of the box-shaped sec 75 tion comprising the slot The transverse partition in this embodiment may or may not be double, however the inner wall here does not extend along the portion of the boxshaped section concerned extending beyond 80 the slot, so that the above-mentioned chamber is not double-walled in the same extent as in the first embodiment On the other hand this embodiment is economical of material 85 In order that the apertured lip may be bent into the correct Position for co-operation with the tongue, when the two box-shaped sections are bent together into closing position, said lip may, according to the invention, 90 be provided with a marginal recess at either side of its aperture. > c G Ad The material of the manually closable seal according to the invention may, in particular at the bending place, be of such a nature that after the box-shaped sections have been closed together the portion comprising the lip is adapted to move back resiliently, thereby ensuring the interengagement of lip and tongue. The accompanying drawings illustrate the invention by way of example in two embodiments.

In the drawings:Figure 1 is a vertical section of a first embodiment in which the two box-shaped sections occupy the open position; Figure 2 is a plan view thereof; Figure 3 is a section taken on the line 11III in Figure 4. Figure 4 is a plan view of the seal in the closed position in which a pair of cord elements have been clamped-in. Figures 5 and 6 are views, corresponding to Figures 1 and 2, of a second embodiment. Figure 7 is a side elevation viewed from the left in Figure 5. In Figures 1-4, reference numeral 1 denotes the bottom of a box or dish-shaped section, which by way of a bending place 2 merges into the bottom 3 of a second boxor dish-shaped section integral with the firstmentioned section The two sections are provided with lateral walls 4 and 5, which in the closed position of the sections are located adjacent one another so as to form double side walls The bottom 1, of which portion 6 is somewhat depressed spherically is bent up so as to form a front wall 7 and then horizontally bent in the direction of the bending place 2 so as to form a portion 8 which is provided with a slot 9. The portion 8 extending beyond said slot is hooked inwardly so as to form a transverse partition 10 extending as far as the bottom 1 and shaped to form a double wall by reason of the fact that it is extended back along the inner side of the downwardly extending portion so as to form an interior partition portion 11 which at its upper end merges into a horizontal interior wall portion 12 terminating in a depending tongue 13 the free end of which is located underneath the slot 9 The bottom 3 of the other boxshaped section is at its free end bent to form a lip 14 having a slot-shaped aperture 15, said lip passing through the slot 9 when the box-shaped sections are bent together, and the free end of the lip 14, after having been passed through the slot 9, engages the inner side of the front wall 7 and thereupon engages the inner side of the depressed portion 6, whereby the lip 14 is bent upwardly into the position shown in Figure 3 By reason of the fact that the seal at the bending place 2 possesses a predetermined resiliency the bottom 3 will after closure move back to the position shown in dotted lines in Figure 3, in which the interengagement of the li D 14 and the tongue 13 is ensured The movement back of the bottom 3 is, of course, slight. The interengaging lip and tongue are then 70 enclosed within a chamber 25 mainly confined by double walls; the double transverse partition 10, 11 prevents any access to the "closure" 13, 14 from the clamping place. 16 and 17 denote two clamped-in tie cords 75 In Figures 5-7 the interior transverse partition 11 has not been extended horizontally

and shaped so as to form a tongue The tongue 18 has been punched from the material of the portion 8 extending beyond 80 the slot 9 If desired, the interior partition portion 11 may be omitted. 19 and 20 denote marginal recesses made in the lip 14 at either side of the slot-shaped aperture 15 and adapted to facilitate defor 85 mation of the lip closing the seal. Although in the embodiments shown the lip 14 at its free end is rectilinear, it may also have a pointed instead of a rectilinear end and consequently be needle or arrow 90 shaped, in which case the seal may be used for marking e g living and killed poultry or bags and other articles. With a view to the possibility, that when urging the lip 14 inwardly through the slot 95 9 the tongue 13, after the passing of lip 14, does not resiliently move back into the original position for the interengagement of the tongue and the lip by reason of the fact that-on account of the weakening of the 100 material, which, at 21, is desirable to enable the transverse partition 10 to be bent so as to form the double partition wall 10, 11 in mass production-the partition portion 11, together with the wall portion 12 and the 105 tongue 13 in the position of Figure 3 is bent downwardly so that the wall portion 12 and the partition portion 11 will be brought into a relative position in which they make an acute angle with one another, an obliquely 110 cut connection at 22 is formed between the wall portion 12 and the portion 8 extending beyond the slot 9 If desired, the portions 8 and 12 may be interconnected by spot welding if mass production by a press is not used 115 Various modifications may be made within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

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* GB785676 (A)

Description: GB785676 (A) ? 1957-10-30

Cup brush

Description of GB785676 (A)

PATENT SPECIFICATION Inventor: JOHN BERNARD BENYPA ^^i 2 Date of Application and filing Complete Specifi No 14091/56. Complete Specification Published: Oct 30, 195 Index at acceptance:-Class 19, A( 1 81: 3 E: 3 H), H. International Classification:-A 46 b, d. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Cup Brush We, THE OSBORN MANUFACTURING COMPANY, a corporation duly organised and existing under the laws of the State of Ohio, United States of America, of 5401 Hamilton Avenue, Cleveland 14, Ohio, United States of America, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: - This invention concerns a novel cup 'brush, and more particularly a power driven rotary brush of this type of unusually strong construction and of a design adapted for manufacture in relatively small sizes. Cup brushes have long been known in the art and are employed for a wide variety of purposes, commonly being mounted in drill presses or in power driven hand-held, tools. They are frequently used to remove rust from metal articles prior to the performance of subsequent finishing operations and are also used to remove welding flux and; spatter after an arc welding operation, for example. Many different forms of construction of such brushes have been employed in the past with varying degrees of success Generally, brushes of this type have been either expensive and strongly made or inexpensive and short-lived due to the manner of assembling the same In such brushes where the brush fill is in the form of twisted tufts, the assembly of the brush components has been relatively difficult and expensive, particularly in the smaller sizes of brushes (where the brush material may protrude for a distance of only one inch, for example). It is accordingly a principal object of the invention to provide a novel form of cup brush construction which will be very strong and long-lived and yet which is adapted for assembly from its' several component parts in a very simple and expeditious manner.

The invention accordingly provides a cup brush comprising a cylindrical cup-shaped holder, a flat disc having a plurality of holes therethrough symmetrically arranged adjacent its outer periphery, tufts of bristle material lPtice 3 s 6 d l LK 785676 cation: May 7, 1956. 7. inserted through such holes and doubled upon themselves, the outer peripheral edge portion 50 of said disc including such holes being turned generally normal to the flat body of said disc, with said tufts extending therefrom generally parallel to one another, said disc and tuft assembly being tightly fitted within said cup 55 shaped holder with said tufts protruding from the latter and an inner cylindrical tubular member or sleeve press-fitted within said cupped disc and engaging the tufts extending therefrom, the inner end of said inner 60 sleeve abutting against said disc. The invention also provides a method of forming a cup brush which comprises forming a plurality of symmetrically spaced holes in a metal disc adjacent the outer periphery 65 thereof, inserting tufts of wire brush material through such holes, doubling the end portions of such tufts upon themselves, twisting such end portions of respective tufts together to form radially extending twisted tufts, deform 70 ing such disc to cup shape with such tufts extending generally parallel to one another and the axis of such disc, press-fitting such cupped disc within a cup-shaped holder with such tufts protruding therefrom, inserting a tubular 75 member tightly within such cupped disc and engaging such tufts extending therefrom, expanding the inner end of such tubular member to engage beneath the doubled inner end portons of such tufts, expanding the outer end 80 portion of such tubular member more closely to engage such tufts, and turning in the lip portion of such holder opposed to such outer end of such tubular member to form a considered neck through which such tufts 85 emerge. Embodiments of the invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Fig 1 is a top plan view illustrating a 90 preliminary stage in the assembly of our new brush; Fig 2 is a perspective view illustrating a subsequent stage in the formation of such brush; 95 Fig 3 is a vertical sectional view through 2 785,676 the cooperating die members employed thus to form the Fig 2 element from the Fig 1 element; Fig 4 is a vertical sectional view through the cooperating die members employed in the final assembly and forming operation; Fig, 5 is a vertical sectional view through the finished cup brush as formed by the apparatus of Fig 4; and Fig 6 is an end view of such finished brush. Referring now more particularly to such drawing and especially Figs 1 and 2 thereof, a flat sheet metal disc 1; is provided having a

plurality of evenly spaced holes such as 2 punched therein adjacent its outer periphery and a central opening 3 will also desirably be punched to assist in registering such disc during subsequent steps in the brush assembly. A bundle of brush bristles is then inserted through each of the holes 2 and doubled about the outer edge of the disc so that both end portions of such bundle extend in the same generally outwardly radial direction It is contemplated that in the new brush such bundles of brush bristles will ordinarily be of wire and the two end, portions will thereupon be twisted together to form twisted tufts 4. Such disc may now be placed upon a lower die member 5 with a spring-backed indexing finger 6 protruding upwardly through hole 3 and entering axial opening 7 in upper inner die member 8 which is mounted for reciprocation within outer upper die member 9 and resiliently backed by spring 10 Consequently, finger 6 serves both to center disc 1 and to align the upper and lower die members as the latter are brought together, as shown. The upper die member 9 acts to cup disc 1 so that the edge portions of such disc including holes 2 are bent into planes generally normal to the flat central portion of the disc. The bristle tufts 4 will accordingly now extend in generally parallel relationship to one another as shown in Figs 2-6 inclusive It will, of course, be appreciated that in Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawing certain of the tufts have been omitted for the purpose of greater clarity of illustration. The cup-shaped element of Fig 2 is now placed upon another lower die member 11 generally similar to die 5 and provided with a corresponding indexing finger 12 adapted to pass through center hole 3 of the cupped disc 1 A small shoulder 13 is, however, provided in die 11 to support a short tubular metal element 14 longitudinally proportioned so that the upper edge of -such tube will project a short distance beyond the upper end of die 11. The cooperating upper die member 15 is formed with a central circular recess adapted to receive a closely fitting cup member 16 which may be provided with an axial stem 17 or other means for securing to a drill press or like machine tool A spring-backed ball 18 may be mounted in die member 15 to assist temporarily in retaining cup 16 in place within the die cavity. When the dies are now brought together, finger 12 will, of course, be depressed against the action of its supporting spring 19 and cup 70 16 will be forced tightly down upon inner disc member 1 Moreover, since the upper edge portion 20 of tube 14 projects slightly above the upper end of die 11, it will be flanged somewhat radially outwardly to fit 75 tightly against the rounded base of the twisted tufts 4, and the

other end of tube 14 will be likewise bulged radially outwardly as at 21 (Fig 5) as permitted by the rounded base of such tufts, the bottom loops of such tufts 80 being of somewhat greater transverse dimension's than the remaining turns or twists for the reason that they must include the edge portion of disc 1 The assembled cup brush way then be removed from the dies and the 85 outer lip 22 of cup or holder 16 rolled or crimped slightly inwardly as shown in Fig 5 to further assist in securing the tufts of bristle material in proper position. It will thus be seen that the cupped disc 1 90 to which the bristles are attached, is firmly secured within the outer cup or holder 16 and cannot escape therefrom The central tubular insert 14 fits very tightly within the ring of bristle tufts and is, moreover, flanged slightly 95 outwardly at 20 as above described to prevent its escape from the assembly Such inner tubular element, however, is not subjected to any substantial axial force tending to dislodge the same and serves principally the purpose 100 of maintaining the twisted tufts in proper axially projecting relationship Such inner tubular element 14 cooperates with the wall of outer cup or holder 16 to form an annular channel within which the doubled portions of 105 the twisted tufts are retained and the deformation of the edge portions 21 and 22 affords a constricted channel neck firmly securing and supporting such tufts Such assembly has been found to be much stronger, more rigid 110 and uniform than prior art cup brushes wherein the twisted tufts have -been strung upon a retaining wire, for example The resilience of the twisted wire tufts where gripped in their base portions between the wall of holder 16 115 and tubular element 14 further enhances the press fit obtained. Not only is the new brush extremely satisfactory in operation but also it is relatively simple and inexpensive of manufacture, and 120 a single operator may assemble a large number of such brushes in an hour's time When the disc 1 is cupped as shown in Fig 2, it is found that the edge of such disc intermediate holes 2 tends to buckle slighty to form 125 an undulating edge with such edge alternately projecting inwardly and outwardly intermediate such holes and the tufts inserted therethrough. It will, of course, be appreciated that the 130 7855676 wherein the flat disc is a metal disc which is press-fitted' within the cup-shaped holder.

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* GB785677 (A)

Description: GB785677 (A) ? 1957-10-30

Improvements in teat cups

Description of GB785677 (A)

COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements in Teat Cups We, ARTIEBOLAGET MANUS, of Lindova- gen 7-9 Norrkoping, Sweden, a Swedish company, do hereby declarethe invention for which we pray that a patent may be granted' to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement :- -The present invention relates to teat cups of the type having a telescopic shell surround- ing the liner and an observation glass at the outlet end for permitting observation of the flow of milk. An object of the invention is ito provide a teat cup of this kind having an improved liner which may be adjusted according as it is elongated due to the repeated stretchings ito which it is subjected while in operation, so that it need not be replaced owing to a resulting permanent extension. Another object of the invention is to permit an insertion of an observation glass directly into the outlet opening of the liner without forcing the glass through the entire length of the liner from the inlet end thereof as was hereinbefore usual practice. A still other object of the invention is to permit a reliable locking of the'observation glass in its engagement with the mouth of the liner. The invention is characterized,. chiefly by the fact that the liner is formed its outlet end with a series of annular external grooves for receiving the inwardly bent Nangelike outer end of the shell, and that the obser- vation glass is forant with a foot that may be inserted into the mouth of the liner, said foot having an annular groove adapted to receive the annular portion of the liner which is forced

inwardly by the engagement of said end of the shell with a groove of the liner, whereby the observation glass and the metal- lic shell are caused to mutually lock each other ta the liner. In the accompanying drawing an embodi- ment of the invention is shown as applied to a teat cup having a telescopic metallic shell comprising two axially. movable members. Fig. 1. is a longitudinal section of the teat cup with the liner in unstratched state, and Fig. 2 is a partial side elevation and partial axial section of the teat cup with the liner in stretched state. In the drawing the numeral 1 indicates the liner, 2 is the rear member of the metallic shell, 3 is the front member of the shell, and 4 is the observation glass. The upper end of the liner facing the teat is thickened and formed with an external annular groove 5 engaged by the upper end of the rear member 2 of the shell.. The lower or outlet end of the lainer is externally formed with a set of annular collars 6 forming grooves 7 between them- selves.. The rear member 2 of the shell in engagement with the groove 5 is widened conically, as shown at 8, and surrounds a sealing ring 9 of rubber or the livre, which in its turn tightly surrounds the front member 3 of the shell. 'Said member 3 may slide telescopicaNy in the rear member 2 and is formed with two axially spaced annular grooves 10 and 11 on its external surface to serve as seats for the sealing ring 9. The lower end of-the shell member 3 is curved inwardly in the shape of a flange 12 which is adapted to engage the lowermost groove 17 of the liner., The edge of the flange 12 is rounded for a purpose hereinafter to be explained. The-rear member 2'of the shell is provided with a branch pipe 13 for receiving a tube from a pulsator, not shown. The observation glass 4 is formed with a foot 14 for engaging the outlet end of the liner. Said foot may be inserted directly into the mouth of the liner from the loyer'zend of the teat cup, so that the glass need not, as hitherto vvas usual practice, be forced through the entire length of the liner from the rear end of the teat cup which was a very time wasting and difficult procedure.. The foot 14 has at about the middle of its length an ex- ternal annular groove 17 7 a concave profile which is adapted in the inserted state of the observation glass to be right opposite the groove 7 engaged by the ilange 12. that is to say, the groove next to the mouth of the liner. Above and below said groove 17 the foot 14 presents annular surfaces 15 and 16, respectively, tapering conically from the groove. The conical surface 1.6 next to the main portion of the glass ends at a shoulder 18 bearing against the free end of the liner in the fully inserted position of the glass. The length of the portion of the liner

projecting below the Range 12 is so adjusted as to secure that the groove 17 comes right opposite the external groove 7 engaged by the fange 12, as shown. In assembling the teat cup ithe front member 3 of the shell is first inserted in the rear member 2 to such an extent as to allow the sealing ring 9 to engage the groove 10. Then the liner is introduced into the shell from the rear end ithereof, until the rear end of the member 2 engages the groove 3. The free end of ! the shell member 3, that is, the flange 12, is then brought into engagement with the groove 7 next to the outlet end of the liner.. Then the foot 14 of the observation glass is inserted into the outlet end of the liner and pushed therein, until its offset 18 bears against the free edge of the liner, as shown in Fig.. 1. Now it only remains to stretch the liner in the degree required for allowing it to operate satisfactorily. This is made by displacing the front member 3 of the shell downwardly in the drawing with relation. to the shell member 2, until the sealing ring 9 comes into engagement with groove 11, as shown in Fig. 2. When, due to repeated stretchings, the liner has attained a. permanent elongation with a resulting reduction of its power, the liner may be shortened by cutting off from the outlet end thereof the portion which in the drawing projects beyond the Range 12. The lange 12 is tthen brought into engagement with the next groove 7 which will now be situated nearest to the free end of the liner. As well understood, the portion of the liner projecting beyond the ange 12 will be equally long as before. After insertion of the observation glass the groove. 17 7 of the foot 14 gwili thus be.. situ. ated right. opposite the groove 7 of the liner engaged by the aSange 12. The oot of the observation, glass and the groove 17 are so dimensioned that the annular portion of the liner situated between the fange 12 and the groove 17 will not be subjected to any compression but only to a mere bulge lock- ing the foot against axial displacement with relation to the liner.. The conical portions 15 and 16 contribute to the locking action. What we claim is :- 1. A teat cup having a liner and a metallic shell, comprising two telescopically arranged members, and an observation glass at the outlet end of the teat cup, characterized in that the liner is formed with a set of external annu- lar grooves near its outlet end for receiving the inwardly bent flange-like outer end of the front member of the shell the observation glass being formed with a foot adapted to be dlirectly introduced into the outlet end of the liner, said foot having an annular groove for receiving the annular portion of the liner forced inwardly under the action of saidl dlangeilike end engag-

ing in one of said grooveS of the liner end, thereby causing the observation glass and the metallic shell mutually to lock themselves to the liner.

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