8/14/2019 41 48 Ulysses

1/8

.

,

.

,

,

1513 ,

, .

, ,

.

.

,

, 1200 .

, .

.

,

.

,

Greeks as navigators

According to a theory Greeks discovered the

American continent thousands of years ago.

Christopher Columbus, according to Emilio

Taviani, conceives the idea for the discovering

of the New World in Chios, where he obtained

the ancient Chios, where he obtained the ancient

Greek maps according to which he traced his

route. The existence of these maps is also con-

firmed by the Ottoman cartographer Pirie

Race, captain ofSuleiman the Great, who de-

signed his first map in 1513 based, as he says, on

about twenty old maps. This accuracy and the

details established later led to the conclusion thatPirie Races sources referred to the ancient

Greek civilization. A civilization so advanced,

as to know about America, centuries before

Christopher Columbus.

And of course there remains the question how

the ancient Greek navigators knew the Atlantic

and the continent beyond it that is America, be-

fore 1200 b.C. Aristophanes in Ornithes calls

the Greeks storks because they always move

around. This characteristic as well as their inter-est to meet new places and their commercial acu-

men led our ancestors to travel towards all direc-

tions.

Their knowledge on shipbuilding, geography

and astronomy was such that allowed them to

make that kind of voyages. They knew before the

Trojan War the Cassiterides islandsthat is Ire-

land and Britain, places from where they ac-

quired tin as well as thecountries of the North

Sea from where they brought amber. This way

epm epm1

1719Tsitsis Alexandros

2ndLyceum of Neapolis

Thessaloniki, Greece

DID ULYSSES ROAMING

TAKE PLACE IN THE

ATLANTIC?

;

8/14/2019 41 48 Ulysses

2/8

,

().

8 .

.

,

()

,

.

,

.

, ,

.

.

, ,

.

,

.

Hellenism was showing a picture of colonialism

in the 8th

century b.C. A central hearth, the

Mother-Country (metropolis) and a galaxy of

colonies and dominions the number of which is so

big that it takespages for their names only to be

referred. These numerous Greekhearths are gath-

ered in a geographical area extending from Cau-

casus to the Iberian Peninsula, transforming the

Mediterranean into an interior sea.

Ulysses roaming

About Odyssey the majority of the researchers

used to accept the classic opinion that Ulysses

voyage was in the Mediterranean.

Many ideas were expressed on this problem.

Somehow vaguely the philological research had

accepted in our century the beliefs of the French

Parliament member and Homer expert Victor

Bernard according to whom the roaming was astory of Phoenician origin that describes the

West and Central Mediterranean. This is the

view we have been taught at school apart from its

Phoenician character.

Since then and during the third fourth of our

century, exceptional essays were written on this

subject by other French researchers. The last

word in the relative philology is

the theory of the famous profes-

sor of Sorbonne and Cretan spe-cialist Paul Fore who globally

declared in 1980 his amazing

theory that Ulysses roaming is

a circle around the coasts of

Crete and Ulysses was a Cretan

of the Minoic Era.

Henriette Mertz, Gilber

Pigio, Robert Philip and others

came to realize that according

to the distances and the phe-

epm epm2

1719EPM

History of

Science andTechnology

ITHACA. ULYSSES HOMELAND

8/14/2019 41 48 Ulysses

3/8

1980

.

, ,

.

Henriette

Mertz

.

.

.

.

, ,

.

, .

, ,

, ,

.

.

4

, ,

nomena.

I am going to analyze further down Odyssey is

the first ancient story of an overseas voyage in the

Atlantic.

Before these two French researchers, the

American International Law expert and Homer

expert too, Henriette Mertz made long journeysto solve the problem. She walked all over the An-

des and roamed with ship several islands of the

Ocean and the surrounding coasts, a task which.

This, apart from being arduous, was also pointless

because in the Atlantic Ocean there are so many

thousands of islands and nations, who speak many

dialects, that its too difficult for somebody to lis-

ten to and see it all. Although, she mentions many

fictitious information she has found positively and

admittedly two points of the Homeric roaming,

which make the reader wonder why nobody elsehad found them before.

They all start from the same text, Odyssey,

and yet one researcher sends Ulysses to the North

Pole, the other to Cape Town in Africa, and

somebody else to Florida or the Caspian Sea. All

these contradictive results lead themselves to the

conclusion that any such conversation is in vain.

The particulars which the poet gives on Ulysses

roaming are so general and vague that they allow

everyone to send Ulysses to the four ends of theworld.

Correspondences between Odyssey and

modern geography

Lets see now some records about the amazing

analogies that exist between the information that

Odyssey gives and the ones given by modern ge-

ography and history. The reader should bear in

mind that the analogies given couldnt be coinci-

dental or random. They are so scandalously obvi-

epm epm3

1719EPM

History of

Science andTechnology

8/14/2019 41 48 Ulysses

4/8

.

, ,

.

.

1. .

-

.

2.

.

.

, ,

.

3.

.

.

4. , ,

,

.

.

;1.

.

ous that it is impossible to reach a worthless con-

clusion.

Azores, Calypsos Island

As far as Calypsos Island is concerned the

crossing of the elements ofOdyssey with todays

information is so often that is impossible forHen-

rietta Mertz to make mistakes:

1. Homer calls the island omphalos (navel) of

the sea. The Azores are indeed in the centre of the

Northern basin of the Atlantic, completely isolated

all around and in an equal distance from both the

American coast of the New Earth and the Euro-

pean one ofPortugal.

2. Homer talks about the amount of the sea-

birds on this island, the sea carrion crows and the

sea hawks. The Azores means sea hawks in Por-

tuguese. The first Portuguese navigators that dis-

covered it in the middle of the ocean were im-pressed by the unbelievable flocks and the deafen-

ing cries of the seabirds on the sands and the rocks

of these islands.

3. Homer talks about trailing vines on this is-

land. The main production of these islands in our

days is grapes.

4. Homer mentions four boiling springs which,

while they are near each other they send their wa-

ters towards different directions. This strange phe-

nomenon which disregards the lows of gravity

would be inexplicable in the mind of someonewho hasnt seen or hasnt heard of the Geysers. It

is ejected hot water coming from volcanic ground

just like the ground of these islands. And there is

also something else.

Was or wasnt the Phaekes country an is-

land?

1.After Calypso and her island Ulysses

reaches to a point where he sees land in exactly

eighteen days sailing straight ahead and having a

epm epm4

1719EPM

History of

Science andTechnology

8/14/2019 41 48 Ulysses

5/8

.

.

.

.

.

.

!

!

.

;

.

, .

. .

4

1800 .

, ,

.

.

(

) . 18

.

20

helpful wind. He

sees the shadowy

mountains in the

Phaekes country.

He is mindful to

stay awake and

not to stray from

his route. The

goddesss direc-tions given to him

before leaving

were clear and steady: To watch out for the Great

Bear and the Pleiades on the left. He sees no

other island or land.

He is supposed to be heading towards Ithaca.

Although Ulysses hasnt lost his direction miracu-

lously the Phaekes country comes in front of

him. Nowhere does Homer speak about the

Phaekes island so it obvious that anybody canwonder. Whats all this writing about it being an

island? In the one hundred times that Homer men-

tions this place nowhere does he say that it is an

island. So, Ulysses reaches this country after sail-

ing east wards for eighteen whole days and nights.

Of course, his handmade boat does not have a keel

and so she couldnt sail quickly, but it had a sail

and a steering wheel. According to possible calcu-

lations running with four kilometers per hour he

should have covered around one thousand eight

hundred kilometers. This is the exact distance be-tween the Azores and Cadix, outside Gibraltar

where we should place the Phaekes country.

But if the Phaekes country is located some-

where here (in the coasts of the Cadix gulf in

South Spain) then the place of the and the length

of the voyage match perfectly. In eighteen days

distance on a sailing boat, a helpful wind and hav-

ing on your right the Pleiades and the Great Bear

we reached from Spain to Azores!

epm epm5

1719EPM

History of

Science andTechnology

ARNOLD BOCKLIN

ULYSSE ET CALYPSO, 1882

8/14/2019 41 48 Ulysses

6/8

. .

, .

, ,

. .

.

. .

(

)

.

.

1. ;

2.

.

.

;

3.

;

4.

;

5. .

.

.

.

.

.

(

)

Scylla and

Charybdis

Scylla is de-

fined in Homer as

very tall with

steep vertical

slopes as if cut by

knife so that it is

impossible foranyone to climb,

even if they had

20 hands and feet as Homer cites. There is no such

cliff, of course. It is cited that the summit is hid-

den by the clouds which never scatter; not even in

high summer. It is also cited that no ship should

sail near because it rushes unexpectedly. No such

cliff exists; that it grabs sailors from the ship

decks and that in its foot and centre there is a cave

which looks over to Hades (the Underworld) and

Darkness. No such cliff exists. What does exist isa frequent phenomenon in the proximity near the

American coasts (in certain latitude on either side

of the Equator) called sea whirlwind. It has all

the above characteristics:

1. No one can climb it;

2. Its summit is always surrounded by black

clouds;

3. The scientific name used for this cloud is

Melanias (inky) and it is a prerequisite for the

whirlwind because it starts from it like a trunkand it sucks the water of the sea;

4. It rushes unexpectedly moving at high speed

on the sea level while occasionally it stops

short as if hesitating to move;

5. It does grab sailors from the ship decks an

does send them to the underworld and the

darkness.

Homer unites that it barks loudly. This means

that it is accompanied by a hollow roar which all

epm epm6

1719EPM

History of

Science andTechnology

THE GREEK SEA MONSTERSKYLLA (MOSAIC, HOUSE OF

DIONYSUS, PAPHOS, CYPRUS

8/14/2019 41 48 Ulysses

7/8

16 .

(

) 60 .

.

.

.

. ,

.

.

.

.

Mertz

Golf Stream,

.

.

.

James Joyce

whirlwinds have and

the gunshot-like rumble

they produce when they

collapse.

What are left are

Charybdis and the Si-

rens. Here we must be

more careful. The re-searcher apparently

closer to the truth is

Pilliot. He prefers as

Charybdis (which according to Homer was a liv-

ing monster which sucked huge quantities of wa-

ter and then it disgorged it abruptly) the Foundy

gulf in the Newfound Land coast in the American

Continent. Where the highest level of the water

between ebb and flood reaches the 16 meters.

While in the Messini pass (in the Mediterranean

as other researchers claim). It is only 60 cm; thatis something barely visible. As for the Sirens, it

can be any extended sands. There not being able

to find any hunt or water the sailors mooring

would die a martyr death and their bones would

whiten later on the sands. A similar characteristic

adventure was that of an anonymous colored

woman who Vasco de Gamas sailors had with

them and left on Na-

mibias huge sands in

north-west Africa in or-

der to reach the island onfoot to bring them in

contact with the natives.

This woman never came

back. She was found

dead. The extent of the

sands, where only the

blowing of the wind

could be heard, was so

large that the woman

never reached a popu-

epm epm7

1719EPM

History of

Science andTechnology

HOMER

ROMAN PORTRAIT

ULYSSES AND HIS MEN

BLINDING THE CYCLOPS

POLYPHEMUS(DETAIL OF

A PROTO-ATTIC AM-

PHORA, C. 650 BC

MUSEUM OF ELEUSIS)

8/14/2019 41 48 Ulysses

8/8

.

.

,

,

.

Bibliography

1. 49

1995:

2. 5, 2001:

Iconography

1. www.joyceimages.com/browse.php?chapter=11

2. www.artship.org/TarantellaNew1106/

PublicFestival.htm

3. www.hellenica.de/Griechenland/Geo/GR/

Ithaki.html

4. www.sitesandphotos.com/catalog/

images/253039.jpg

5. en.wikipedia.org/?title=Polyphemus

6. www.umich.edu/.../Paintings/Paintings.htm

7. www.hit360.com/.../article.php?article_id=38

lated area. She died of

exhaustion and her

skeleton was found

bleached white.

The Sirens myth

wanted to protect the

prehistoric sailors

from the dangers of a

hasty and thoughtlessdisembarkation on any

coast they saw in the

horizon when they

approached with yelling and screaming after many

months of torture in the sea.

Conclusion

If one accepts as correct Mertzs two views on

the location, that is that Ogigia is an island in the

Azores and the river Ocean is the famous Golf

Stream, then every theory on the Mediterraneanbegins to fall to pieces. Homers grandeur is even

more recognized. The Odyssey acquires a new

more charming background than Iliad. A great

Irish novelist and historian, James Joyce, has al-

ready characterized Odyssey as the greatest liter-

ary composition of all times.

The ancient civilization was not only about/

has not only to do with Philosophy and the Fine

Arts. It was also about Geography, Astronomy,

explorations and campains.

epm epm8

1719EPM

History of

Science andTechnology

ULYSSES AND SIRENSATTIC VASE-PAINTING

5th CENTURY B.C.ULYSSES AND SIRENS

ENGRAVING (1886)