Turkish Language - Basic Spatials - The suffix of place, positionThe suffix of place (-re or -ra)The suffix -deki, -daki - which is on, in, atThe pseudo suffix -deki explained.Extended Forms showing movementExtended Plural FormsParticular LocationsMore about Exact LocationsSome ExamplesExample of a Particular LocationThe suffix of place (-re or -ra)The suffix of place is -re or -ra meaning - place/place ofEarlier we learned of bu - this - and u or o - that. Putting these words together by suffixing -ra- place of plus the static (locative) suffix -da - in, on, at - then we form the words meaning - here and there etc. These words are used for a general sense of location.burada - here - [lit: bu-ra-da - this-place-at]urada - there - [lit: u-ra-da - that-place nearer-at or in between-at]orada - over there - [lit: o-ra-da - that-place yonder-at]nerede? - where? - [lit: ne-re-de? - what-place-at?]In conversation you will hear the above words shortened (abraded) to - burda, urda, orda, nerde?The suffix -deki, -daki - which is on, in, atA little note: There is really no such suffix -deki in Turkish. -deki is actually two suffixes together, -de plus an added -ki. -de means - on, in, at - while -ki is - that which isBut you will find most grammar books gloss over this construction although it is in constant daily use to make an Adjective of Location. It is for this reason that I began teaching it as a suffix in its own right - and it was far easier for my students to grasp the intention of meaning. Therefore I will treat it as a suffix for Manisa Turkish website. Let us call it a "pseudo" suffix. Sokaktaki araba - The car which is in the street - [Lit: Sokak-ta-ki street-in-which-is car.] - here we can see that -daki makes an Adjective of Location - that which is in.The pseudo suffix -deki explained.This pseudo suffix is very important as it is used a lot in daily conversation and reading.The -deki or -daki - is added to words to produce an adjective to describe the location of an object. This is best shown by example. For instance if we say: The telephone [which is] in my bedroom is broken, then Turkish trying to turn everything into an adjective will say thus: [lit: Bedroom-of-me-which-is-in telephone broken-is.] - Yatak odamdaki telefon bozuktur. - [Yatak oda-m-daki telefon bozuk-tur]. Here odam-daki telefon is used as an adjective to describe just where the telephone is! - ie. Room-my-in-which-is telephone.This point is a particular difficulty when beginning to learn Turkish as we do not use an adjectival construction. Instead in English we use a Relative Construction - The telephone which is in my bedroom is broken.. It is important to understand this adjectival construction of location, as it is in constant daily use in Turkish. It can also be used as a location in time scale as some of the examples below will show. Note also that the vowel in -ki is invariable - it does not follow Vowel harmony Rules, so the full Suffix of Adjectival Location is either -deki or -daki.Masadaki kitap - The book (which is) on the table.Masadaki kitab bana verin. - Give me the book (which is) on the table.Kilitteki anahtar. - The key (which is) in the lock.Kilitteki anahtar karnz - (Would you) take the key out of the lock. - [Lit: Lock-in-which-is key-the take out!] - [We have used the polite imperative in this example]Kutudaki kibritler nemlidir. - The matches (which are) in the box are damp.It can be seen from the above example that the Turkish aspect is different from English and this can only be appreciated by usage and practice, as it is an alien construction for English speakersAn Example in Time Scalenmzdeki hafta. - (n-mz-deki hafta.) - The week in front of us - [Lit: Front-of-us-which-is week.]nmzdeki haftann havas ok gneli olacak. - The week ahead's weather will be very sunny.As already stated this is at first sight a difficult construction and can be assimilated by reading, listening and using whenever possibleExtended Forms showing movementIf we need to show movement from or movement to a place or places then we must use a different suffix such as -dan - from or -a - to, towards.. in order to modify the meaning:buradan [bu -ra -dan] - (burdan as spoken) - from hereWe also use the same construction in English. If a child strays too near to the fire, then the mother will say: "Get away from there!".uradan [u -ra -dan] - (urdan as spoken) - from thereoradan [o -ra -dan] - (ordan as spoken) - from over therenereden? [ne -re -den?] - (nerden? as spoken) - where from?Word Adding -a - to, towards:buraya - [bu -ra -ya] - to hereuraya [u-ra-ya] - to thereoraya [o-ra-ya] - to over therenereye? [ne-re-ye?] - where to?We in English do not say - come to here - or - come to there., although in Older English we did use these forms - Come hither - or - Go hence. However Turkish must use the -a suffix to show movement towards the place. Basically Turkish is using - hence and hither - and even - thence and thither - which we in English no longer use in daily speech. To re-iterate, we used to say - hither and thither - in the old days - this is what Turkish is basically doing.Extended Plural FormsThe plural forms buralarda, uralarda, oralarda, nerelerde cause the meaning to be:1. More vague: - buralarda - hereabouts, around here2. More spatial: - uralarda - thereabouts, around there,over there3. More generalized: - oralarda - thereabouts, over there, around about3. Any mixture of the three: - nerelerde? - whereabouts?Here we can see then the meanings have become more generalized in both space and location.We should also remember that the meanings based on uralarda are in the near vicinity whilst the meanings based on oralarda are more distant (let's say in another country).The Plural Forms are also extended with -dan - from.. and -a - towards.. buralardan (bu-ra-lar-dan) - from hereaboutsuralardan (u-ra-lar-dan) - from around thereoralardan (o-ra-lar-dan) - over around therenerelerden? (ne-re-ler-den?) - whereabouts from?buralara (bu-ra-lar-a) - to around hereuralara (u-ra-lar-a) - to around thereoralara (o-ra-lar-a) - to those partsnerelere? (ne-re-ler-e?) - whereabouts to?As we can see the plural forms are vaguer and wider, but they are used just as we in English make these distinctions in place and space.Buralarda bir gzel restoran var m? - Is there a good restaurant around here?Buraya gel! - Come (to) here!Orada yeil araba var. - There is a green car over there.urada byk otel var. - There is a big hotel there.Kredi Bankas nerede? - Where is the Kredi Bank?.ar nerelerde? - Whereabouts are the shops?.Buradan saat sekizde kalm - Let's leave (from) here at 8 o' clock.Particular LocationsParticular Locations - right here, right there and just where?If we need to communicate a more particular place and sense of location then as in English we have to be more precise. This precision in Turkish is achieved by using the suffix -i or -si meaning - its. By adding this suffix Turkish makes the place particular:buras (bu-ra-s) - right here [Lit: its place (exactly) here.]uras (u-ra-s) - right there.oras (o-ra-s) - right over there.neresi? (ne-re-si?) - just where? [Lit: where exactly?]Note that the -si suffix is the Possessed part of the Possessive Relationship and that sometimes the Possessor is "understood", we should really be using this expression as a complete relationship as in: "bankann buras" or "evin uras" or "ngilterenin oras", but this is a bit pedantic. (See note below)More about Exact LocationsAs Stated above for exact locations the Possessive Adjective suffix -(s) is added to make the meaning become more exact. For instance if someone asks you on the telephone:Neredesin? (ne-re-de-sin?) - Where are you?Then you might answer: Ankara' daym - (Ankara'-da-y-m) - I 'm in AnkaraHowever, if they ask you:Orann neresinde? (ne-re-si-n-de?) - Where (of there) exactly?Then you might answer: banyodaym (banyo-da-y-m) - I am in the bathHere is a little conversation between Ali and his friend Mehmet to explain the above about general and precise location.Ali: Neredesin? - (or Nerdesin? abraded in conversation) - Where are you?Mehmet: skdar' daym - I am in skdarAli: skdar' n neresinde? - Whereabouts (of Uskudar)?Mehmet: Ahmet emesi' nin yanndaym. - I'm by the Ahmet Fountain. The call sign of Ankara Official Radio Station is buras Ankara - This place (exactly) is Ankara. It is something like British Official Radio whose call sign is "London Calling"Some ExamplesSome Examples: right here, just there. All these mean exactly - right here or right there or just where?Buras souk. - It is cold right hereBurasna gel! - Come (right to) hereBinann burasndan kaalm! - Let's get away from (of) this building.In the last two examples it can be said as a descriptive way when you have a map or something in your hand and show the person some district on the map and tell him to come to the exact place of the district.In normal conversation we can say:Buradan kaalim! - Let's get out of here..! zmir? - Oras gzel. - Izmir? - That very place is beautifulantam, odamn neresine koydum, acaba? - Where exactly did I put my bag in my room I wonder?Or more General: antam nereye koydum acaba? - Where did I put my bag, I wonder?Kitab dolabn urasna koyun. - Put the book just over there in(to) the cupboard.Or more General: Kitab uraya koyun - Put the book just over there.Tam saat sekizde burada grelim. - Let's meet right here at dead on 8 o' clock As you see Buras, uras, Oras - can be only used alone in nominative case;Buras neresi? - where is this (exactly)?uras gzelmi. - Just there is beautiful.Oras gzel. - It is nice over there.In other cases we need an possessor which possesses these - buras suras, oras.Binann burasna gel! - Come right here to the building!Balkonun urasnda bir ku vard. - There was a bird right on the balcony.Ormann orasndan ilgin sesler geliyordu. - There are interesting sounds coming out of forest ('s place.)Example of a Particular LocationHere is a snippet of conversation between Mehmet and Ali to show the difference between the nereye? - where to? [Lit: to where?] as a general location and the neresine? - just where to? [Lit: to THE where?] as an exact location type of usage.Mehmet: - Bu akam nereye gidiyorsun? - Where are you going (to) this evening?Ali: - Merkeze gidiyorum. - I'm going to the town center.Mehmet: - Merkezin neresine? - Where to (exactly) of the town center?Ali: - Byk Efes Oteline gidiyorum - I'm going to the Grand Efes Hotel.