3.1 - Carbon Compounds Pages 51-54 Standards Distinguish among the structure and function of the four major organic macromolecules found in living things. What does this mean? You need to know the structure and function of: Proteins Lipids Carbohydrates Nucleic Acids Organic vs. Inorganic Organic molecules contain ____________; inorganic molecules do not. Carbon atoms Carbon Bonding Electrons: Atoms generally need _____ outer electrons to be stable. Carbon has ____ outer electrons. Unique properties of carbons outer electrons. 8 4 Can bond with its self in a variety of ways. Drawing Carbon Molecules One line = Two lines = Three lines = There is one pair of shared electrons for each line. Single Bond (uses 1 of carbons 4 electrons) Double Bond (uses 2 of carbons 4 electrons) Triple Bond (uses 3 of carbons 4 electrons) Functional Groups Functional Groups: Examples: Hydroxyl Carboxyl Amino Phosphate Table on page 52. Groups of atoms that influence the characteristics of molecules they are a part of and the chemical reactions the molecules undergo. Increases solubility and facilitates hydrogen bonding. Facilitates hydrogen bonding and peptide bonding Is basic and facilitates peptide bonding Excellent inorganic bonding agent Macromolecules Macro means? What are these large molecules made of? Many monomers all linked together is a: Large Many Monomers Polymer Linking Monomers Condensation Reaction (polymerization):polymerization The reaction that links monomers and releases a water molecule. Breaking Polymers Hydrolysis Hydrolysis Reaction: The reverse of a condensation reaction. The reaction that breaks a monomer off a polymer chain and uses a water molecule. Main Points - Review Carbon molecules are unique because they can bond in a variety of shapes. Functional groups change characteristics of molecules. Macromolecules (polymers) are made of monomers that can be added and removed. Homework: Worksheet Macromolecules Use your book 3.2 to answer the questions. DUE: Next class period (block day).