2610 power point(2)
Transcript of 2610 power point(2)
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
Leif Ericson and the Vikings?Leif Ericson and the Vikings?
L’Anse aux Meadows in L’Anse aux Meadows in NewfoundlandNewfoundland
Restoration of L’Anse aux Restoration of L’Anse aux MeadowsMeadows
Christopher Columbus?Christopher Columbus?
Jamestown, Virginia?Jamestown, Virginia?(the first successful English (the first successful English
colony)colony)
Models for M C HammerModels for M C Hammer at early Jamestown at early Jamestown
The American Revolution?The American Revolution?
Who were the first Americans Who were the first Americans and when did they arrive?and when did they arrive?
Aleuts (aka Eskimos) arrived in
what is now Alaska about 12,000 to
20,000 years ago
The first Americans were from The first Americans were from Siberia?!Siberia?!
Early Americans were in the Early Americans were in the Stone Age, technologicallyStone Age, technologically
Stone Age hand axes Stone Age hunter (original
color photo from 12,000 BC, taken with Stony digital camera)
Early Americans migrated Early Americans migrated through the ice fields of North through the ice fields of North
America . . .America . . .
Part of the ice field still exists, Part of the ice field still exists, still 1,000 feet thickstill 1,000 feet thick
. . . through Central and South . . . through Central and South AmericaAmerica
North American Plains North American Plains IndiansIndians
Many varieties of Indians by Many varieties of Indians by 14921492
CentralAmerica
Brazil
Florida New Mexico
BrazilBrazil
EUROPEAN EUROPEAN DISCOVERY AND DISCOVERY AND COLONIZATIONCOLONIZATION
Gold, Glory, and GodGold, Glory, and God
Gold from the New World
Glory for the mother country
Bringing God to the Indians
New World claimed by several New World claimed by several European countriesEuropean countries
Portuguese in Brazil
Spanish in North, Central, and South
America
Russians in Alaska(1740s)
French in Canadaand Louisiana
Several nationsin Caribbean
English colonies of North English colonies of North AmericaAmerica
Three types of colonial Three types of colonial governmentgovernment
Royal: owned and controlled by Royal: owned and controlled by king/queenking/queen
Corporate: owned by settlers’ corporationCorporate: owned by settlers’ corporation
Proprietary: owned by individual or small Proprietary: owned by individual or small groupgroup
Roanoke Island: first English Roanoke Island: first English attempt at colonization failsattempt at colonization fails
(1584-1587)(1584-1587)
The “Lost Colony” of The “Lost Colony” of RoanokeRoanoke
Sir Walter Raleigh, fancy dresser and founder
of the colony of Roanoke
Only clue to disappearance ofcolonists: the word “Croatoan”
The thirteen original The thirteen original coloniescolonies
Jamestown, Virginia Jamestown, Virginia (1607)(1607) The first successful English The first successful English
colonycolony
Virginia, the First English Virginia, the First English Colony Colony (1607)(1607)
Founded by the Virginia Company Founded by the Virginia Company (1607)(1607) Mistakes and problems at JamestownMistakes and problems at Jamestown John Smith to the rescue John Smith to the rescue (1608-09)(1608-09) ““The Starving Time” The Starving Time” (1609-10)(1609-10) Indian wars and massacres Indian wars and massacres (1611, 1622)(1611, 1622) Failure turns into success Failure turns into success (1612-)(1612-) Birth of slavery in the English colonies Birth of slavery in the English colonies
(1660s)(1660s)
King James IKing James I
Early JamestownEarly Jamestown
Established on low, swampy, unhealthy site
Virginia, the first English Virginia, the first English colony colony (1607)(1607)
Founded by the Virginia Company Founded by the Virginia Company (1607)(1607) Mistakes and problems at JamestownMistakes and problems at Jamestown John Smith to the rescue John Smith to the rescue (1608-09)(1608-09) ““The Starving Time” The Starving Time” (1609-10)(1609-10) Indian wars and massacres Indian wars and massacres (1611, 1622)(1611, 1622) Failure turns into success Failure turns into success (1612-)(1612-) Birth of slavery in the English colonies Birth of slavery in the English colonies
(1660s)(1660s)
““Smith – John Smith”Smith – John Smith”The James Bond of the 1600sThe James Bond of the 1600s
Like James Bond, taken in and Like James Bond, taken in and protected by half-naked protected by half-naked
womenwomen
Like James Bond, a knight in Like James Bond, a knight in shining armor who always wonshining armor who always won
Virginia, the first English Virginia, the first English colony colony (1607)(1607)
Founded by the Virginia Company Founded by the Virginia Company (1607)(1607) Mistakes and problems at JamestownMistakes and problems at Jamestown John Smith to the rescue John Smith to the rescue (1608-09)(1608-09) ““The Starving Time” The Starving Time” (1609-10)(1609-10) Indian wars and massacres Indian wars and massacres (1611, 1622)(1611, 1622) Failure turns into success Failure turns into success (1612-)(1612-) Birth of slavery in the English colonies Birth of slavery in the English colonies
(1660s)(1660s)
Wars with the local Indians, Wars with the local Indians, including two massacres including two massacres (1611, (1611,
1622)1622)
Virginia, the first English Virginia, the first English colony colony (1607)(1607)
Founded by the Virginia Company Founded by the Virginia Company (1607)(1607) Mistakes and problems at JamestownMistakes and problems at Jamestown John Smith to the rescue John Smith to the rescue (1608-09)(1608-09) ““The Starving Time” The Starving Time” (1609-10)(1609-10) Indian wars and massacres Indian wars and massacres (1611, 1622)(1611, 1622) Failure turns into success Failure turns into success (1612-)(1612-) Birth of slavery in the English colonies Birth of slavery in the English colonies
(1660s)(1660s)
From failure to successFrom failure to success
Developed tobacco as a cash crop Developed tobacco as a cash crop (1612)(1612)
Developed the first representative Developed the first representative legislature in the New World legislature in the New World (1619)(1619)
Taken over by King James I and made a Taken over by King James I and made a royal colony royal colony (1624)(1624)
John RolfeJohn RolfeCartoon character, farmer, Cartoon character, farmer,
husbandhusbandPutting the
moveson Pocahontas
Experimentingwith tobacco
Marrying Pocahontas
PocahontasPocahontas
From failure to successFrom failure to success
Developed tobacco as a cash crop Developed tobacco as a cash crop (1612)(1612)
Developed the first representative Developed the first representative legislature in the New World legislature in the New World (1619)(1619)
Taken over by King James I and made a Taken over by King James I and made a royal colony royal colony (1624)(1624)
Virginia, the first English Virginia, the first English colony colony (1607)(1607)
Founded by the Virginia Company Founded by the Virginia Company (1607)(1607) Mistakes and problems at JamestownMistakes and problems at Jamestown John Smith to the rescue John Smith to the rescue (1608-09)(1608-09) ““The Starving Time” The Starving Time” (1609-10)(1609-10) Indian wars and massacres Indian wars and massacres (1611, 1622)(1611, 1622) Failure turns into success Failure turns into success (1612-)(1612-) Birth of slavery in the English colonies Birth of slavery in the English colonies
(1660s)(1660s)
First Africans landed at First Africans landed at Jamestown in 1619Jamestown in 1619
The thirteen original The thirteen original coloniescolonies
Colonies in New EnglandColonies in New England
Plymouth Plymouth (1620)(1620)
Settled by the Pilgrims (aka Separatists) to Settled by the Pilgrims (aka Separatists) to escape religious persecutionescape religious persecution
The Mayflower CompactThe Mayflower Compact
The First Thanksgiving? (nope)The First Thanksgiving? (nope)
Eventually absorbed into Massachusetts Eventually absorbed into Massachusetts (1691)(1691)
The First Thanksgiving?The First Thanksgiving?
Pilgrims and friendly Indians celebrate in 1621
Earlier ThanksgivingsEarlier Thanksgivings
Native American tribes had similar Native American tribes had similar celebrations for hundreds of yearscelebrations for hundreds of years
Spanish explorers near El Paso Spanish explorers near El Paso (1598)(1598)
English settlers at Jamestown English settlers at Jamestown (1619)(1619)
The thirteen original The thirteen original coloniescolonies
Colonies in New EnglandColonies in New England
Massachusetts Massachusetts (1630)(1630)
Settled by the Puritans for religious reasonsSettled by the Puritans for religious reasons
Started on a much larger scaleStarted on a much larger scale
Spun off other colonies in New EnglandSpun off other colonies in New England
Second only to Virginia in wealth and powerSecond only to Virginia in wealth and power
The thirteen original The thirteen original coloniescolonies
New York New York (1624 or 1664)(1624 or 1664) Settled by the Dutch for riches and empire Settled by the Dutch for riches and empire
(1624)(1624)Fur tradersFur tradersFarmers (patroons)Farmers (patroons)
Captured by the English Captured by the English (1664)(1664)
Duke of York = proprietorDuke of York = proprietor
Along with Virginia, Pennsylvania, & Along with Virginia, Pennsylvania, & Massachusetts, one of the larger colonies by Massachusetts, one of the larger colonies by 17761776
The purchase of Manhattan The purchase of Manhattan Island:Island:
Indians scam the Europeans Indians scam the Europeans (1626)(1626)
New York New York (1624 or 1664)(1624 or 1664) Settled by the Dutch for riches and empire Settled by the Dutch for riches and empire
(1624)(1624)Fur tradersFur tradersFarmers (patroons)Farmers (patroons)
Captured by the English Captured by the English (1664)(1664)
Duke of York = proprietorDuke of York = proprietor
Along with Virginia, Pennsylvania, & Along with Virginia, Pennsylvania, & Massachusetts, one of the larger colonies by Massachusetts, one of the larger colonies by 17761776
The Duke of York:The Duke of York:proprietor and fashion victimproprietor and fashion victim
The thirteen original The thirteen original coloniescolonies
Pennsylvania Pennsylvania (1682)(1682)
Founded by William Penn as a Founded by William Penn as a religious haven for the Society of religious haven for the Society of Friends (Quakers)Friends (Quakers)
Frame of Government Frame of Government (1682)(1682)
Quakers eventually outnumbered by Quakers eventually outnumbered by non-Quakersnon-Quakers
William PennWilliam PennProprietor of PennsylvaniaProprietor of Pennsylvania
Notice any similarity?
Quaker women allowed to Quaker women allowed to speak up in religious services!speak up in religious services!
The Quakers were more The Quakers were more enlightened than their dogs.enlightened than their dogs.
Penn’s Penn’s Frame of Frame of GovernmentGovernment
The thirteen original The thirteen original coloniescolonies
Georgia Georgia (1733)(1733)
Founded by wealthy English Founded by wealthy English philanthropists, led by James philanthropists, led by James OglethorpeOglethorpe
Motives for settlement of GeorgiaMotives for settlement of Georgia
Dreamy, idealistic motives mostly failedDreamy, idealistic motives mostly failed
Became royal colony Became royal colony (1753)(1753)
The Trustees (aka proprietors) The Trustees (aka proprietors) of Georgiaof Georgia
James OglethorpeJames Oglethorpe The London Trustees meet Indians from GeorgiaThe London Trustees meet Indians from Georgia
Silk worms were supposed to Silk worms were supposed to support the settlers of Georgiasupport the settlers of Georgia
Silk worms eat mulberry leavesSilk worms eat mulberry leaves A mulberry leaf’s view ofA mulberry leaf’s view ofa silk worma silk worm
Georgia Georgia (1733)(1733)
Founded by wealthy English Founded by wealthy English philanthropists, led by James philanthropists, led by James OglethorpeOglethorpe
Motives for settlement of GeorgiaMotives for settlement of Georgia
Dreamy, idealistic motives mostly failedDreamy, idealistic motives mostly failed
Became royal colony Became royal colony (1753)(1753)
THE COLONIES AS PART THE COLONIES AS PART OF THE ENGLISH EMPIREOF THE ENGLISH EMPIRE
MercantilismMercantilism Definition: an economic system to increase Definition: an economic system to increase
national wealth and power by heavy national wealth and power by heavy government regulation and control of the government regulation and control of the nation’s economy nation’s economy
Aim: accumulate gold and silverAim: accumulate gold and silver
Three elements:Three elements:
National self-sufficiencyNational self-sufficiency
Favorable balance of tradeFavorable balance of trade
Monopoly of trade in own empireMonopoly of trade in own empire
Enumerated commoditiesEnumerated commodities
sugarsugar cottoncotton
indigoindigotobaccotobacco
Shipbuilding in EnglandShipbuilding in England
No direct trade from other European No direct trade from other European countries to English coloniescountries to English colonies
THE ANGLO-FRENCH THE ANGLO-FRENCH CONFLICT CONFLICT (1680s-(1680s-
1780s)1780s)
British and French struggle for British and French struggle for control of North Americacontrol of North America
Competition for dominance Competition for dominance between British and Frenchbetween British and French
Forming allies through tradeForming allies through trade
Building fortsBuilding forts
Fighting warsFighting wars
Five wars Five wars (1680s-1780s)(1680s-1780s)
King William’s War King William’s War (1689-97)(1689-97)
Queen Anne’s War Queen Anne’s War (1702-13)(1702-13)
King George’s War King George’s War (1740-48)(1740-48)
French & Indian War French & Indian War (1754-63)(1754-63)
American War for Independence American War for Independence (1776-83)(1776-83)
Iroquois warriorsIroquois warriors
Treaty of Utrecht Treaty of Utrecht (1713)(1713)France loses territory in France loses territory in
CanadaCanada
page178.jpg
French & Indian War begins in French & Indian War begins in southwest Pennsylvania southwest Pennsylvania (1754)(1754)
page173.jpg
Where the French & Indian War Where the French & Indian War began: Fort Necessity in PAbegan: Fort Necessity in PA
Prime Minister William PittPrime Minister William Pitt
The Battle of Quebec The Battle of Quebec (1759)(1759)
French & Indian War removes French & Indian War removes French from North America French from North America
(1763)(1763)
Ad for Franklin’s Plan of Ad for Franklin’s Plan of UnionUnion
THE AMERICAN THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION AS AN REVOLUTION AS AN AFTERMATH OF THE AFTERMATH OF THE
FRENCH & INDIAN WARFRENCH & INDIAN WAR
The French Revolution The French Revolution (1789-(1789-99)99)
The Bolshevik Revolution in The Bolshevik Revolution in Russia Russia (1917)(1917)
The Chinese Revolution The Chinese Revolution (1949)(1949)
Protesting the writs of Protesting the writs of assistanceassistance
Patrick Henry, denouncer of Patrick Henry, denouncer of the royal vetothe royal veto
The French threat is goneThe French threat is gone
Colonists protest British Colonists protest British taxestaxes
THE EVENTS LEADING THE EVENTS LEADING
TO THE REVOLUTION TO THE REVOLUTION
One of several stampsOne of several stamps of the infamous Stamp Act of the infamous Stamp Act
(1765)(1765)
““Can you believe this #x~+Can you believe this #x~+$!”$!”
““Damn if I pay that tax!”Damn if I pay that tax!”
Collecting the Townshend Collecting the Townshend taxes could get you tarred and taxes could get you tarred and
featheredfeathered
The “Boston massacre”The “Boston massacre”
Resistance to the Tea ActResistance to the Tea Act
Coercive (aka Intolerable) Coercive (aka Intolerable) ActsActs
Boston Port ActBoston Port Act: closed port of Boston: closed port of Boston
Justice ActJustice Act: moved some trials to England: moved some trials to England
Government ActGovernment Act: focused power on governor: focused power on governor
Quartering ActQuartering Act: required colonists to provide : required colonists to provide housing in their homes for British soldiershousing in their homes for British soldiers
A political cartoon protesting A political cartoon protesting the Intolerable Actsthe Intolerable Acts
The 1The 1stst Continental Congress Continental Congress met in Philadelphia’s met in Philadelphia’s
Carpenter’s HallCarpenter’s Hall
The midnight ride of Paul RevereThe midnight ride of Paul Revere(and Samuel Prescott and William (and Samuel Prescott and William
Dawes)Dawes)
The shooting startsThe shooting startsat Lexington and Concordat Lexington and Concord
The “battle” of LexingtonThe “battle” of Lexington
Battle of Bunker HillBattle of Bunker Hill
British soldiers march up the British soldiers march up the hill in the Battle of Bunker Hillhill in the Battle of Bunker Hill
Thomas Paine and his Thomas Paine and his pamphletpamphlet
Amendments to Jefferson’s Amendments to Jefferson’s draft of the Declaration of draft of the Declaration of
IndependenceIndependence
Jefferson and his committee Jefferson and his committee present the Declaration of present the Declaration of
Independence Independence to Congressto Congress
Was the American Revolution Was the American Revolution “conservative”?“conservative”?
Purpose: to Purpose: to hold ontohold onto, to , to keepkeep, to , to preservepreserve the the old ways (pre-1750s) before all the recent old ways (pre-1750s) before all the recent troublestroubles
No taxation without representationNo taxation without representationNo strict enforcement of trade lawsNo strict enforcement of trade lawsNo aggressive searchesNo aggressive searchesNo king’s veto of colonial lawsNo king’s veto of colonial lawsNo quartering of British soldiers in No quartering of British soldiers in
homeshomes
THE AMERICAN WAR THE AMERICAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCEOF INDEPENDENCE
Von Steuben curses his Von Steuben curses his American students at Valley American students at Valley
ForgeForge
The Marquis de Lafayette: a The Marquis de Lafayette: a major general at age 20major general at age 20
The first U.S. constitution: The first U.S. constitution: The Articles of ConfederationThe Articles of Confederation
Washington crosses the Washington crosses the Delaware River on his way to Delaware River on his way to
the Battle of Trentonthe Battle of Trenton
George and the Americans kick George and the Americans kick some Hessian butt at Trentonsome Hessian butt at Trenton
Horatio Gates and “Gentleman Horatio Gates and “Gentleman Johnny” BurgoyneJohnny” Burgoyne
The Battle of SaratogaThe Battle of SaratogaWho could fight in hats like Who could fight in hats like
those?those?
Washington and Lafayette Washington and Lafayette shiver with the troops at Valley shiver with the troops at Valley
ForgeForge
The Americans and the French The Americans and the French close in on Cornwallis at close in on Cornwallis at
YorktownYorktown
Washington and CornwallisWashington and Cornwallis
The British surrender The British surrender at Yorktown, Virginia at Yorktown, Virginia (1781)(1781)
The guy who really defeated The guy who really defeated the British at Yorktown and the British at Yorktown and
won the war: The Patriotwon the war: The Patriot
U.S. representatives at Paris U.S. representatives at Paris peace talks: Franklin, Jay, Adamspeace talks: Franklin, Jay, Adams
Treaty of Paris Treaty of Paris (1783)(1783)
British recognized U.S. independenceBritish recognized U.S. independence Boundaries: Great Lakes Boundaries: Great Lakes
Mississippi RiverMississippi River Spanish FloridaSpanish Florida
British agreed to leave U.S. soil British agreed to leave U.S. soil immediatelyimmediately
Americans’ debts to British = validatedAmericans’ debts to British = validated Congress urged states to restore rights ofCongress urged states to restore rights of
the Loyalists (aka Tories)the Loyalists (aka Tories)
The Treaty of Paris changed The Treaty of Paris changed the map of North Americathe map of North America
THE CRITICAL PERIOD THE CRITICAL PERIOD OF AMERICAN OF AMERICAN
HISTORYHISTORY
The Critical PeriodThe Critical PeriodThumbs up or down on the Thumbs up or down on the
USA?USA?
The Articles of The Articles of ConfederationConfederation
The Northwest TerritoryThe Northwest Territory
Mt. VernonMt. Vernon
Independence Hall in Independence Hall in PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia
Site of the constitutional Site of the constitutional conventionconvention
George Washington presides at George Washington presides at the Philadelphia Conventionthe Philadelphia Convention
The room where the The room where the constitution was written, as it constitution was written, as it
appeared in 1787appeared in 1787
Players at the constitutional Players at the constitutional conventionconvention
James MadisonJames Madison
Roger ShermanRoger Sherman
Benjamin Benjamin FranklinFranklin
George George WashingtonWashington
Patrick Henry didn’t attend. Patrick Henry didn’t attend. Said he “smelled a rat.”Said he “smelled a rat.”
The FederalistThe Federalist and its and its authorsauthors
HamiltonHamilton MadisonMadison
JayJay
Ratification celebration in New Ratification celebration in New YorkYork
George Mason & James George Mason & James MadisonMadison
Authors of the Bill of RightsAuthors of the Bill of Rights
THE NEW NATION THE NEW NATION STRUGGLES TO SURVIVESTRUGGLES TO SURVIVE
Alexander HamiltonAlexander Hamilton11stst Secretary of the Treasury Secretary of the Treasury
Hamilton’s fiscal planHamilton’s fiscal plan
Pay off the entire debt, federal and Pay off the entire debt, federal and statestate
Raise revenue with high tariff + new Raise revenue with high tariff + new taxestaxes
Create a national bankCreate a national bank
Funding and assumptionFunding and assumption
Funding: accumulating enough Funding: accumulating enough money to pay off a debtmoney to pay off a debt
Assumption: the federal government Assumption: the federal government pays off (assumes) debts owed by pays off (assumes) debts owed by the statesthe states
Bank of the United StatesBank of the United Statesin Philadelphiain Philadelphia
Strict and loose constructionStrict and loose construction Strict constructionStrict construction: if X isn’t listed in plain : if X isn’t listed in plain
language in the Constitution as a power of language in the Constitution as a power of the federal government, then the federal the federal government, then the federal government has no power to do Xgovernment has no power to do X
Loose constructionLoose construction: the federal government : the federal government does have the power to do X if does have the power to do X if
(1) X isn’t (1) X isn’t prohibitedprohibited in the Constitution and in the Constitution and (2) X helps the government carry out any (2) X helps the government carry out any of its regular, listed (i.e., specified) powersof its regular, listed (i.e., specified) powers
The Jay Treaty made Jay The Jay Treaty made Jay unpopularunpopular
Damn John Jay! Damn everyone that won't Damn John Jay! Damn everyone that won't damn John Jay! Damn every one that won'tdamn John Jay! Damn every one that won't
put lights in his window and sit up allput lights in his window and sit up allnight damning John Jay! night damning John Jay!
A common complaint at the time:A common complaint at the time:
Pres. John Adams kept the Pres. John Adams kept the naval war with France naval war with France
undeclaredundeclared
Jefferson and Hamilton led the Jefferson and Hamilton led the first two political partiesfirst two political parties
Leader of the Democratic RepublicansLeader of the Democratic Republicans Leader of the FederalistsLeader of the Federalists
Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson Alexander HamiltonAlexander Hamilton
The visions of Jefferson and The visions of Jefferson and Hamilton for the new nationHamilton for the new nation
Jefferson: Jefferson: democratic, agrarian societydemocratic, agrarian societybroad diffusion of wealthbroad diffusion of wealthsympathies with debtors sympathies with debtors feared centralized powerfeared centralized powertrusted people’s abilitiestrusted people’s abilities
Hamilton:Hamilton: balanced economybalanced economyfederal aid to industry, commercefederal aid to industry, commercesympathies with creditorssympathies with creditorsfavored centralized powerfavored centralized powerdistrusted people’s abilities to distrusted people’s abilities to
govern themselvesgovern themselves
Pres. Washington reviews the Pres. Washington reviews the troops sent to suppress the troops sent to suppress the
whiskey rebelswhiskey rebels
Pres. John Adams signed the Pres. John Adams signed the Alien & Sedition Acts Alien & Sedition Acts (1798)(1798)
Authors of the Kentucky & Authors of the Kentucky & Virginia Resolutions and best Virginia Resolutions and best
budsbuds
Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson James MadisonJames Madison
THE NEW NATION THE NEW NATION GROWS UPGROWS UP
The Virginia DynastyThe Virginia Dynasty
1801-251801-25
Candidates in the election of Candidates in the election of 18001800
JeffersonJeffersonDemocratic-RepublicanDemocratic-Republican
BurrBurrDemocratic-RepublicanDemocratic-Republican
AdamsAdamsFederalistFederalist
Marbury Marbury vsvs. Madison. Madison
Justice of the PeaceJustice of the PeaceWilliam MarburyWilliam Marbury
Secretary of StateSecretary of StateJames MadisonJames Madison
Chief Justice John MarshallChief Justice John Marshall
Key figures Key figures in the Louisiana Purchasein the Louisiana Purchase
Key figuresKey figuresin the Louisiana Purchasein the Louisiana Purchase
Napoleon wanted to sellNapoleon wanted to sell Jefferson wanted to buyJefferson wanted to buy
The Louisiana PurchaseThe Louisiana Purchase
Raising of the U.S. flag over Raising of the U.S. flag over the Louisiana Purchasethe Louisiana Purchase
Trail of Lewis & Clark (1804-Trail of Lewis & Clark (1804-06) 06)
The War of 1812The War of 1812
CausesCauses
U.S. advantages and disadvantagesU.S. advantages and disadvantages
Treaty of Ghent (1814)Treaty of Ghent (1814)
Battle of New Orleans (1814-15)Battle of New Orleans (1814-15)
SignificanceSignificance
The HMS The HMS LeopardLeopard fires on the fires on the USS USS ChesapeakeChesapeake (1807)(1807)
The British navy “impresses” The British navy “impresses” sailors on U.S. shipssailors on U.S. ships
The British burn Washington, The British burn Washington, DCDC
18141814
The British approach New The British approach New OrleansOrleans
General Andrew JacksonGeneral Andrew Jackson
The British attack Gen. The British attack Gen. Jackson’s “motley crew”Jackson’s “motley crew”
The Battle of New OrleansThe Battle of New Orleans
Down go the British! Down go Down go the British! Down go the British!the British!
The 2The 2ndnd Bank of the United Bank of the United StatesStates
Philadelphia Philadelphia (1816-36)(1816-36)
Old Supreme Court chamber Old Supreme Court chamber where McCulloch vs. Maryland where McCulloch vs. Maryland
was decidedwas decided
Chief Justice John MarshallChief Justice John Marshall
The 36-30 line split the The 36-30 line split the Louisiana PurchaseLouisiana Purchase
President James Monroe President James Monroe warned the Euroweenies to warned the Euroweenies to
back offback off
THE RISE OF THE THE RISE OF THE “COMMON MAN”“COMMON MAN”
The Jacksonian PeriodThe Jacksonian Period
1820s-1830s1820s-1830s
Major candidates in the Major candidates in the presidential election of 1824presidential election of 1824
Secretary of the Secretary of the TreasuryTreasury
William CrawfordWilliam Crawford
Secretary of StateSecretary of StateJohn Quincy AdamsJohn Quincy Adams
Speaker of the Speaker of the HouseHouse
Henry ClayHenry Clay
SenatorSenatorAndrew JacksonAndrew Jackson
Nationalist wing of the partyNationalist wing of the party
22ndnd Bank of the United States Bank of the United States
Protective (higher) tariffsProtective (higher) tariffs
Strong central governmentStrong central government
Loose constructionLoose construction
Henry Clay, J. A. Adams, Daniel Henry Clay, J. A. Adams, Daniel WebsterWebster
Traditional wing of the partyTraditional wing of the party
Suspicious of all banksSuspicious of all banks
Low (revenue) tariffsLow (revenue) tariffs
States’ rights, laissez faire, strict States’ rights, laissez faire, strict constructionconstruction
Andrew Jackson, Martin Van Buren, Andrew Jackson, Martin Van Buren, John C. CalhounJohn C. Calhoun
An ad for Andrew Jackson, “the An ad for Andrew Jackson, “the man of the people”man of the people”
Jackson’s political Jackson’s political philosophyphilosophy
States rightsStates rights
Laissez faireLaissez faire
Strict constructionStrict construction
Suspicion of banksSuspicion of banks
President = “tribune President = “tribune of the people”of the people”
The “common man” at The “common man” at Jackson’s inauguration party Jackson’s inauguration party
(1828)(1828)
The 2The 2ndnd B.U.S. and its B.U.S. and its presidentpresident
Nicholas BiddleNicholas Biddle
Andy Jackson fights “the Andy Jackson fights “the monster”monster”
Jackson the way his opponents Jackson the way his opponents saw him – as “King Andrew” saw him – as “King Andrew”
the tyrantthe tyrant
Jackson and Calhoun disagreed Jackson and Calhoun disagreed on nullificationon nullification
President Andrew JacksonPresident Andrew Jackson Vice-President John C. CalhounVice-President John C. Calhoun
ANTI-SLAVERY AND ANTI-SLAVERY AND PRO-SLAVERYPRO-SLAVERY
Slavery has existed for Slavery has existed for thousands of yearsthousands of years
Where the slaves came from Where the slaves came from and where they wentand where they went
Quakers openly criticized Quakers openly criticized slavery as early as the 1750sslavery as early as the 1750s
““All men are created All men are created equal. . .”equal. . .”
The American Colonization The American Colonization SocietySociety
William Lloyd Garrison and his William Lloyd Garrison and his newspaper, newspaper, The LiberatorThe Liberator
The Nat Turner uprising in The Nat Turner uprising in Virginia:Virginia:
Contemporary news accountContemporary news account
The “positive good” defense of The “positive good” defense of slavery painted slaves as slavery painted slaves as
happyhappy
THE NATION BEGINS THE NATION BEGINS TO CRACKTO CRACK
The Sectional CrisisThe Sectional Crisis
1840s-1850s1840s-1850s
Stephen F. Austin brought Stephen F. Austin brought immigrants from U.S. to Texasimmigrants from U.S. to Texas
Leaders at the Battle of the Leaders at the Battle of the AlamoAlamo
William TravisWilliam Travis James BowieJames Bowie Davy CrockettDavy Crockett
Antonio Lopez de Santa AnnaAntonio Lopez de Santa Anna
Scenes from the Battle of the Scenes from the Battle of the AlamoAlamo
The Battle of San JacintoThe Battle of San Jacinto
Americans fulfilled their Americans fulfilled their “Manifest Destiny” by moving “Manifest Destiny” by moving
westwest
Border dispute: the Rio Grande Border dispute: the Rio Grande or the Nueces?or the Nueces?
Three theaters of combat in Three theaters of combat in the U.S.-Mexican Warthe U.S.-Mexican War
Gen. Winfield Scott leads an Gen. Winfield Scott leads an amphibious invasion into amphibious invasion into
MexicoMexico
The U.S. Army captured Mexico The U.S. Army captured Mexico City in September 1847City in September 1847
Treaty of Guadalupe HidalgoTreaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Mexico cedes 525,000 square miles to U.S.Mexico cedes 525,000 square miles to U.S.(everything from Texas to the Pacific Ocean)(everything from Texas to the Pacific Ocean)
Mexico accepts Rio Grande as Texas borderMexico accepts Rio Grande as Texas border
U.S. pays Mexico $15 millionU.S. pays Mexico $15 million
U.S. pays Mexico’s debts ($3.25 million) to U.S. pays Mexico’s debts ($3.25 million) to U.S. citizensU.S. citizens
The Mexican Cession The Mexican Cession (1848)(1848)
Should slavery be allowed to Should slavery be allowed to spread into Mexican Cession?spread into Mexican Cession?
Wilmot Proviso Wilmot Proviso (1846)(1846): Congress should : Congress should say “no”say “no”
Calhoun’s Senate resolutions: Calhoun’s Senate resolutions: (1847)(1847) : : the Constitution says “yes”the Constitution says “yes”
Popular sovereignty Popular sovereignty (1848)(1848): settlers in : settlers in the territories should decide, yes or nothe territories should decide, yes or no
Another sectional Another sectional disagreement:disagreement:fugitive slavesfugitive slaves
Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850
California admitted into Union as free stateCalifornia admitted into Union as free state
Utah and New Mexico organized as territories with Utah and New Mexico organized as territories with
popular popular sovereigntysovereignty
Slave trade banned in District of ColumbiaSlave trade banned in District of Columbia
Stronger fugitive law passedStronger fugitive law passed
Texas accepted smaller, present borders for $10 Texas accepted smaller, present borders for $10
million (to million (to pay off state debt)pay off state debt)
The Compromise of 1850 The Compromise of 1850 changed the mapchanged the map
Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850
California admitted into Union as free stateCalifornia admitted into Union as free state
Utah and New Mexico organized as territories with Utah and New Mexico organized as territories with
popular popular sovereigntysovereignty
Slave trade banned in District of ColumbiaSlave trade banned in District of Columbia
Stronger fugitive law passedStronger fugitive law passed
Texas accepted smaller, present borders for $10 Texas accepted smaller, present borders for $10
million (to million (to pay off state debt)pay off state debt)
Buying and selling of slaves Buying and selling of slaves now banned in District of now banned in District of
ColumbiaColumbia
New fugitive-slave law made it New fugitive-slave law made it easier for owners to catch easier for owners to catch
runawaysrunaways
Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850
California admitted into Union as free stateCalifornia admitted into Union as free state
Utah and New Mexico organized as territories with Utah and New Mexico organized as territories with
popular popular sovereigntysovereignty
Slave trade banned in District of ColumbiaSlave trade banned in District of Columbia
Stronger fugitive law passedStronger fugitive law passed
Texas accepted smaller, present borders for $10 Texas accepted smaller, present borders for $10
million (to million (to pay off state debt)pay off state debt)
Texas accepted its smaller, Texas accepted its smaller, present borders for $10 millionpresent borders for $10 million
Harriet Beecher Stowe and an Harriet Beecher Stowe and an advertisement for her noveladvertisement for her novel
Senator Stephen A. Douglas of Senator Stephen A. Douglas of IllinoisIllinois
The gold rush showed the need The gold rush showed the need for a transcontinental railroadfor a transcontinental railroad
A transcontinental railroad A transcontinental railroad from Chicago would have to from Chicago would have to
cross unorganized wildernesscross unorganized wilderness
Woman gathering “buffalo chips” Woman gathering “buffalo chips” for fuel in the unorganized for fuel in the unorganized
wildernesswilderness
Sen. Douglas created two new Sen. Douglas created two new territories with popular territories with popular
sovereigntysovereignty
Dred Scott and Dred Scott and Chief Justice Roger B. TaneyChief Justice Roger B. Taney
Scott and his owner’s family Scott and his owner’s family moved to free territory (now moved to free territory (now
Minnesota)Minnesota)
Dred Scott’s courthouse is in Dred Scott’s courthouse is in the shadow of the St. Louis the shadow of the St. Louis
archarch
The U.S. Supreme Court The U.S. Supreme Court chamber for the Dred Scott chamber for the Dred Scott
casecase
John BrownJohn Brown
Harpers FerryHarpers Ferry
Robert E. Lee before the Civil Robert E. Lee before the Civil WarWar
The Marines assault the fire The Marines assault the fire stationstation
The fire station later became a The fire station later became a tourist attractiontourist attraction
The courtroom for John The courtroom for John Brown’s trial in VirginiaBrown’s trial in Virginia
Four major candidates for Four major candidates for president in 1860president in 1860
Senator Stephen A. Senator Stephen A. DouglasDouglas
Vice President John C. Vice President John C. BreckinridgeBreckinridge
Former U.S. senatorFormer U.S. senatorJohn BellJohn Bell
Former U.S.Former U.S.RepresentativRepresentativ
eeAbraham Abraham LincolnLincoln
Platforms of the four partiesPlatforms of the four parties
Douglas Democrats: popular Douglas Democrats: popular sovereignty sovereignty and Unionand Union
Southern Democrats: Congressional Southern Democrats: Congressional protection of slavery in territories, protection of slavery in territories, acquire Cubaacquire Cuba
Constitutional Unionists: preserve the Constitutional Unionists: preserve the Union, accept Dred Scott decisionUnion, accept Dred Scott decision
Republicans: oppose spread of Republicans: oppose spread of slavery, slavery, preserve the Unionpreserve the Union
The Democratic party pulling The Democratic party pulling apartapart
Lincoln won the electoral vote Lincoln won the electoral vote by winning in the Northby winning in the North
South Carolina seceded firstSouth Carolina seceded first
The southern states seceded in The southern states seceded in two waves (winter & spring two waves (winter & spring
1860-61)1860-61)
Spelling is importantSpelling is important
Secede – not “succeed” Secede – not “succeed”
Secession – not “succession”Secession – not “succession”
THE CIVIL WARTHE CIVIL WAR
1861-18651861-1865
Trouble at Fort Sumter in Trouble at Fort Sumter in Charleston, SCCharleston, SC
Commanders at Fort Sumter:Commanders at Fort Sumter:Robert Anderson and P.G.T. Robert Anderson and P.G.T.
BeauregardBeauregard
First shots of the Civil War fired First shots of the Civil War fired at Fort Sumter, April 12, 1861at Fort Sumter, April 12, 1861
Location of the Battle of Location of the Battle of Antietam (aka Sharpsburg)Antietam (aka Sharpsburg)
Commanders at Antietam:Commanders at Antietam:Robert E. Lee and George B. Robert E. Lee and George B.
McClellanMcClellan
Antietam: first battlefield in history Antietam: first battlefield in history photographed soon after the photographed soon after the
shootingshooting
Significance of the Antietam Significance of the Antietam campaigncampaign
Bloodiest day of war and U.S. historyBloodiest day of war and U.S. history
Ended Lee’s invasionEnded Lee’s invasion
Ended threat of European interventionEnded threat of European intervention
Led directly to Emancipation Led directly to Emancipation ProclamationProclamation
The Emancipation The Emancipation Proclamation freed most (not Proclamation freed most (not
all) of the slavesall) of the slaves
The Confederate view of The Confederate view of Lincoln and the Emancipation Lincoln and the Emancipation
ProclamationProclamation
A northern cartoon celebrating A northern cartoon celebrating the Emancipation Proclamationthe Emancipation Proclamation
The commanders at The commanders at Gettysburg:Gettysburg:
George G. Meade & Robert E. George G. Meade & Robert E. LeeLee
How the two armies arrived at How the two armies arrived at GettysburgGettysburg
Some of the dead at Some of the dead at GettysburgGettysburg
Pickett’s ChargePickett’s ChargeHigh tide of the ConfederacyHigh tide of the Confederacy
186318631913 re-enactment by former1913 re-enactment by former
Confederates who made the originalConfederates who made the originalcharge fifty years earliercharge fifty years earlier
Commanders at VicksburgCommanders at VicksburgU.S. Grant and John C. U.S. Grant and John C.
PembertonPemberton
Vicksburg, MississippiVicksburg, Mississippi
A roundabout way to A roundabout way to VicksburgVicksburg
The long siege forced civilians The long siege forced civilians to live in caves they dugto live in caves they dug
The capture of Vicksburg split The capture of Vicksburg split the Confederacy in twothe Confederacy in two
Commanders at Chattanooga:Commanders at Chattanooga:U.S. Grant & Braxton BraggU.S. Grant & Braxton Bragg
Chattanooga was a barrier to Chattanooga was a barrier to the heart of the Confederacythe heart of the Confederacy
The charge up Missionary The charge up Missionary Ridge at the Battle of Ridge at the Battle of
ChattanoogaChattanooga
Significance of the Significance of the Chattanooga campaignChattanooga campaign
Cut lines of communication in Cut lines of communication in ConfederacyConfederacy
Opened door into Deep SouthOpened door into Deep South
Led to capture of Atlanta and Led to capture of Atlanta and Sherman’s Sherman’s March to the SeaMarch to the Sea
Sherman’s “March to the Sherman’s “March to the Sea”Sea”
Commanders at the siege of Commanders at the siege of Petersburg: Grant and LeePetersburg: Grant and Lee
Trenches around Petersburg Trenches around Petersburg and Richmondand Richmond
The Petersburg mine The Petersburg mine explosionexplosion
Union soldiers trapped in the Union soldiers trapped in the crater at Petersburgcrater at Petersburg
Typical Confederate soldier at Typical Confederate soldier at The Crater and his typical The Crater and his typical
squeezesqueeze
Lee’s surrender at Lee’s surrender at AppomattoxAppomattox
GOOD LUCK ON YOUR GOOD LUCK ON YOUR FINAL EXAMS!FINAL EXAMS!