2011.06.22_Salt Lake City_Planning Commission Staff Report_ADUs

7/31/2019 2011.06.22_Salt Lake City_Planning Commission Staff Report_ADUs

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]EH]D@:=6=-==76: Fddbttnzy Lqbeeiha Rhi|t 6 ]rjeitobl Lf|b3 Crhb 67% :=66

]EFHHIHA DN@@ITTINH T\FGG ZB]NZ\

]efhhiha Liwitinh

Lb}fz|`bh| ng Dn``rhi|y 'Bdnhnìd Lbwben}`bh|

Fddbttnzy Lqbeeiha Rhi|tSnhiha \bx| F`bhl`bh|

]b|i|inh Hn( ]EH]D@:=6=-==76:

Crhb ::% :=66

F}}eidfh|3Tfe| Efkb Di|y @fynz Zfe}o Jbdkbz

T|fgg3@idofbe @feny FID] f| /?=6) 242-166? nz

ìdofbe(`fenyMtedanw(dn

\fx IL3Di|yqilb

Drzzbh| Snhb3

Di|yqilb

@ft|bz ]efh Lbtiahf|inh3Di|yqilb

Dnrhdie Lit|zid|3Di|yqilb

En| Tisb3Di|yqilb

Drzzbh| Rtb3Tihaeb-gfìey lqbeeihat

F}}eidfjeb Efhl Rtb Zbaref|inht3 Dof}|bz :6F(:< Zbtilbh|ife Lit|zid|t Dof}|bz :6F(


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]EH]D@:=6=-==76: Fddbttnzy Lqbeeiha Rhi|t : ]rjeitobl Lf|b3 Crhb 67% :=66

Jfdkaznrhl

]zncbd| Lbtdzi}|inh

@fynz Zfe}o Jbdkbz% ih dnn}bzf|inh qi|o |ob Di|y Dnrhdie% oft ihi|if|bl f tbzibt ng flìhit|zf|iwb }neidibt fhlebaitef|iwb }b|i|inht |n bhdnrzfab trt|fihfjeb efhl rtb qi|oih Tfe| Efkb Di|y( \ob }b|i|inht fllzbtt wfzinrt di|ydnlbt% ihderliha snhiha( Ih tr}}nz| ng |oit bggnz|qoido it abhbzfeey khnqh ft |ob Trt|fihfjiei|y Di|y DnlbIhi|if|iwb|ob Di|y zb|fihbl |ob tbzwidbt ng Defzinh Fttndif|bt% fh bx}bzibhdbl fhl zbt}bd|bl efhl rtb }efhhihafhl zbfe bt|f|b dnhtre|iha giz` |n zbtbfzdo fhl }znlrdb lzfg| nzlihfhdbt(

]b|i|inh ]EH]D@:=6=-==76: }zn}ntbt |n }bzì| fddbttnzy lqbeeiha rhi|t ih tihaeb-gfìey fhl `re|i-gfìeyzbtilbh|ife lit|zid|t /tbb F||fdo`bh| F Fddbttnzy Lqbeeiha Rhi|t Nzlihfhdb)( Fh fddbttnzy lqbeeiha rhi|/FLR) it f zbtilbh|ife rhi| |of| it bt|fjeitobl nh |ob tf`b en| ft f tihaeb-gfìey lqbeeiha rhi|% fhl `fy jbendf|bl qi|oih f tihaeb-gfìey lqbeeiha% f||fdobl |n f tihaeb-gfìey lqbeeiha /trdo ft ih fh flli|inh)% nz ih flb|fdobl t|zrd|rzb /trdo ft ih f afzfab nz tb}fzf|b fddbttnzy t|zrd|rzb)( \ob fddbttnzy lqbeeiha rhi| `rt| jb fdn`}eb|b onrtbkbb}iha rhi| qi|o f tb}fzf|b ki|dobh% tebb}iha fzbf% dentb| t}fdb% jf|oznn` gfdiei|ibt% fhl ftofzbl nz tb}fzf|b bh|zfhdb(

\ob }zn}ntbl nzlihfhdb zbvrizbt nqhbz nddr}fhdy ng |ob }zihdi}fe nz fddbttnzy lqbeeiha% flli|inhfe }fzkiha%fhl dn`}eifhdb qi|o drzzbh| jrieliha dnlbt( \n bhtrzb |ob fddbttnzy lqbeeiha it trjnzlihf|b |n |ob }zihdi}fe

lqbeeiha% |ob lzfg| nzlihfhdb bt|fjeitobt f `fxi`r` jrieliha tvrfzb gnn|fab% f tdfefjeb jrieliha obiao| eiì|%ìhi`r` jrieliha tb|jfdkt% fhl `fxi`r` en| dnwbzfab ih dn`}eifhdb qi|o |ob rhlbzeyiha snhb(

Fddbttnzy lqbeeiha rhi|t /FLRt) ofwb jbdn`b fh i`}nz|fh| dn`}nhbh| ng |ob onrtiha t|ndk ih `fhydn``rhi|ibtjn|o efzab fhl t`feeih |ob Rhi|bl T|f|bt( Jy }znwiliha onrtiha nh bxit|iha en|t ih lbwben}blhbiaojnzonnlt% FLRt fzb f gnz` ng efhl rtb |of| `fkbt annl rtb ng efhl fhl }rjeid ihgzft|zrd|rzb ihwbt|`bh|Fddbttnzy Lqbeeiha Rhi|t% qobh endf|bl hbfz b`}eny`bh| fhl zb|fie dbh|bzt% obe} ihdzbftb |ob rtb ngdizdref|inh fe|bzhf|iwbttrdo ft qfekiha% dydeiha% `ftt |zfhti|ebfliha |n f zblrd|inh ih azbbh onrtb aftbìttinht fhl bhbzay /grbe) rtb( Flli|inhfeey% |ob dofhaiha gfdb ng |ob F`bzidfh }rjeid fhl i|t onrtiha hbblttr}}nz|t |ob ihdertinh ng FLRt ft f onrtiha fe|bzhf|iwb( @nzb }bn}eb fzb faiha% fzb b`}|y hbt|bzt% fhl lbtizb|n lnqh-tisb( Ih flli|inh% |ob qnzk gnzdb dnh|ihrbt |n jb dofeebhabl |n gihl fggnzlfjeb onrtiha fhl FLRt dfh

obe} fllzbtt |of| lb`fhl /tbb F||fdo`bh| B F]F Vridk Hn|bt fhl F||fdo`bh| G Hbqt Fz|ideb3 Tbf||ebEnnkt |n Dn||fabt)(

Qi|o zbt}bd| |n njtbzwfjeb |zbhlt ih trt|fihfjiei|y% lb`nazf}oidt% efhl rtb lbwben}`bh|% fhl bdnhnìddnhli|inht% |ob t|f|bl }rz}ntbt gnz ]b|i|inh ]EH]D@:=6=-==76: Fddbttnzy Lqbeeiha Rhi|t fzb3

6( Dzbf|b hbq onrtiha rhi|t qoieb zbt}bd|iha |ob ennk fhl tdfeb ng tihaeb-lqbeeiha lbwben}`bh|;:( Ihdzbftb |ob onrtiha t|ndk ng bxit|iha hbiaojnzonnlt ih f `fhhbz |of| it ebtt ih|bhtb |ofh fe|bzhf|iwbt;4( Feenq `nzb bggidibh| rtb ng bxit|iha onrtiha t|ndk% }rjeid ihgzft|zrd|rzb% fhl |ob b`jnlibl bhbzay

dnh|fihbl qi|oih bxit|iha t|zrd|rzbt;


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Dn``bh|t

]rjeid Dn``bh|t

Tihdb Lbdb`jbz ng :==9% |ob ]efhhiha Liwitinh oft litdrttbl |ob }zn}ntfe ih `nzb |ofh := }rjeid `bb|ihat /tbbF||fdo`bh| O ]rjeid Ih}r| Doznhnenay fhl Hn|bt)(

Nh @fzdo :4% :=66% |ob ]efhhiha Dn`ìttinh dnhlrd|bl f }rjeid obfziha fhl fg|bzqfzl wn|bl |n |fjeb |ob}b|i|inh rh|ie f gr|rzb }rjeid `bb|iha% fhl lizbd|bl t|fgg |n zbtbfzdo tbwbzfe ittrbt% trdo ft3

Ihdzbftb }fzkiha zbvrizb`bh| gnz fh FLR( T|fgg zbwibqbl |oit ittrb fhl oft ihderlbl f }znwitinh gnz |qnflli|inhfe }fzkiha t|feet gnz FLRt qi|o |qn jblznn`t nz `nzb(

Bt|fjeito ìhi`r` en| tisb gnz f lb|fdobl FLR( T|fgg zbwibqbl |oit ittrb fhl oft ihderlbl zbaref|inh|of| zbvrizbt f ìhi`r` en| fzbf ng 2%=== tvrfzb gbb| gnz lb|fdobl FLRt(

Eiì| |ob hr`jbz ng zbtilbh|t feenqbl qi|oih fh FLR( T|fgg zbwibqbl |oit ittrb% fhl jftbl r}nh ebafednrhdie% t|fgg lnbt hn| zbdn``bhl f`bhliha |oit tbd|inh ng |ob }zn}ntbl zbaref|inh% qoido zbeibt r}nh |obgneenqiha lbgihi|inh ng f gfìey ft gnrhl qi|oih Tfe| Efkb Di|y Dnlb% Tbd|inh :6F(7:(=


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]EH]D@:=6=-==76: Fddbttnzy Lqbeeiha Rhi|t < ]rjeitobl Lf|b3 Crhb 67% :=66

F tiahigidfh| beb`bh| ng lbhti|y it |ob fwbzfab onrtbonel tisb( \ob Rhi|bt T|f|bt Dbhtrt Jrzbfr lbgihbtonrtbonel ft3

F onrtbonel ihderlbt fee |ob }bztnht qon nddr}y f onrtiha rhi|( F onrtiha rhi| it f onrtb% fhf}fz|`bh|% f `njieb on`b% f aznr} ng znn`t% nz f tihaeb znn` |of| it nddr}ibl /nz ig wfdfh|% it ih|bhlblgnz nddr}fhdy) ft tb}fzf|b eiwiha vrfz|bzt( Tb}fzf|b eiwiha vrfz|bzt fzb |ontb ih qoido |ob nddr}fh|t eiwbfhl bf| tb}fzf|bey gzn` fhy n|obz }bztnht ih |ob jrieliha fhl qoido ofwb lizbd| fddbtt gzn` |ob nr|tilb

ng |ob jrieliha nz |oznrao f dn``nh ofee( \ob nddr}fh|t `fy jb f tihaeb gf`iey% nhb }bztnh eiwihafenhb% |qn nz `nzb gf`ieibt eiwiha |nab|obz% nz fhy n|obz aznr} ng zbef|bl nz rhzbef|bl }bztnht qon tofzbeiwiha fzzfhab`bh|t(

Jftbl nh ihgnz`f|inh aebfhbl gzn` Dbhtrt zb}nz|t% |ob fwbzfab onrtbonel tisb qi|oih ih Tfe| Efkb Di|y itlbdeihiha3

Dbhtrt Ybfz Tfe| Efkb Di|y Fwbzfab Onrtbonel Tisb Rhi|bl T|f|bt Fwbzfab Onrtbonel Tisb

692= 4(4? }bztnht 4(


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N}|inh 6( F}}znwb zbaref|inh ft }zn}ntbl /di|yqilb% ei`i|bl |n :2 }bz`i|t }bz dfebhlfz ybfz)( N}|inh :( @nligy zbaref|inh |n zbt|zid| fddbttnzy lqbeeiha rhi|t |n snhiha lit|zid|t |of| drzzbh|ey feenq

`nzb |ofh nhb lqbeeiha rhi| }bz en|% trdo ft TZ-6% TZ-6F% TZ-4% Z-:% Z@G-4=% Z@G-42%Z@G-


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Lbtiah( \ob }zn}ntfe zbdn``bhlt dn`}eifhdb qi|o fee rhlbzeyiha snhiha lit|zid| zbvrizb`bh|t% ihderlihanwbzefyt trdo ft |ob O Oit|nzid Lit|zid|( Flli|inhfe lbwben}`bh| zbvrizb`bh|t fzb ihderlbl |n bhtrzbdn`}f|ijiei|y qi|o bt|fjeitobl lbwben}`bh| }f||bzht% trdo ft ei`i|f|inht nh jrieliha obiao| fhl }efdb`bh|ng bh|zfhdbt( Onqbwbz% n}}nhbh|t zb`fih dnhdbzhbl |of| |ob }zn}ntfe qiee fe|bz |ob dofzfd|bz ng tihaeb-gf`iey hbiaojnzonnlt /tbb F||fdo`bh| L Tf`}eb Ieert|zf|inht)(

N}|inh 6( F}}znwb zbaref|inh ft }zn}ntbl /lbtiah trjcbd| |n nwbzefyt% dn`}f|ijeb qi|o }zihdi}felqbeeiha)(

N}|inh :( @nligy zbaref|inh |n ihderlb flli|inhfe lbtiah fhl `f|bzife zbaref|inht /|n jb t}bdigibl)(

]ziwfdy( F dn``nh dnhdbzh qobh lbfeiha qi|o zbtilbh|ife ihgiee lbwben}`bh| it }ziwfdy( Fe|onrao }ziwfdyit fh ittrb |of| it fllzbttbl qi|oih }nz|inht ng Di|y Dnlb% fttrzfhdb ng }ziwfdyqi|oih f zbfz f zbfz yfzl gnzbxf`}ebit hn| eit|bl qi|oih |ob ]rz}ntb fhl Ih|bh| T|f|b`bh| /:6F(=:=(=4=) ng \i|eb :6F Snhiha% fhl itnhey ilbh|igibl ft f |y}b ng gbhdb qi|oih |ob Abhbzfe ]znwitinht /:6F(:


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]fzkiha( \ob f||fdobl }zn}ntfe zbvrizbt nhb }fzkiha t|fee gnz f t|rlin nz nhb jblznn` FLR% nz |qn }fzkihat|feet gnz f |qn jblznn` FLR% ih flli|inh |n |ob zbvrizbl ngg-t|zbb| }fzkiha gnz f tihaeb-gfìey lqbeeihaOnqbwbz% rhlbz dbz|fih dnhli|inht |ob \zfht}nz|f|inh Liwitinh `fy `nligy |ob zbvrizb`bh| ig endf|blqi|oih ìeb ng f gixbl |zfhti| eihb nz fh fz|bzife t|zbb| qi|o f lbtiahf|bl jrt znr|b /tbb F||fdo`bh| D \zfhti| Nwbzefy @f}t)(

I| it |ob n}ihinh ng ]efhhiha T|fgg% |of| bfzeibz }zn}ntfet qoido zbvrizbl nhey nhb }fzkiha t|fee gnz fh FLRzb}zbtbh|bl f jfefhdb jb|qbbh zbvriziha nh-ti|b }fzkiha fhl litdnrzfaiha flli|inhfe }fwb`bh|( Flli|inhfe

}fwb`bh| ihdzbftbt t|nz` qf|bz lzfihfabft qbee ft |ob rzjfh obf| itefhlqoido i`}fd|t fzb dnh|zfzy|n trt|fihfjiei|y( Onqbwbz% jftbl nh dnhdbzht bx}zbttbl lrziha |ob @fzdo :4% :=66 }rjeid obfziha |of|ihtrggidibh| ngg-t|zbb| }fzkiha qiee ihdzbftb nh-t|zbb| }fzkihaqoido ih tn`b hbiaojnzonnlt it tbwbzbeyeiì|blt|fgg `nligibl |ob }zn}ntfe( Qi|o zbt}bd| |n dnhdbzht zbafzliha wboideb lf`fab fhl |obg|t% ]neidbTbzabfh| @idobeeb Zntt lil hn| ilbh|igy dfz }znqeiha qi|oih zbtilbh|ife hbiaojnzonnlt ft fh ittrb /tbbF||fdo`bh| K Lb}fz|`bh| Dn``bh|t)(

N}|inh 6( F}}znwb }zn}ntbl zbaref|inh /nhb }fzkiha t|fee gnz t|rlin nz nhb jblznn` rhi|% fhl |qn}fzkiha t|feet qi|o |qn nz `nzb jblznn`t) qi|o |fhlb` }fzkiha(

N}|inh :( @nligy }zn}ntbl zbaref|inh /nhb }fzkiha t|fee gnz t|rlin nz nhb jblznn` rhi|% fhl |qn}fzkiha t|feet qi|o |qn nz `nzb jblznn`t) |n bxderlb |fhlb` }fzkiha(

N}|inh 4( @nligy }zn}ntbl zbaref|inh |n zbvrizb |qn ngg-t|zbb| }fzkiha t|feet }bz FLR /qi|onr| zbafzl|n |ob hr`jbz ng jblznn`t) qi|o |fhlb` }fzkiha(

N}|inh


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]EH]D@:=6=-==76: Fddbttnzy Lqbeeiha Rhi|t ? ]rjeitobl Lf|b3 Crhb 67% :=66

Di|y Lb}fz|`bh| Dn``bh|t

\ob dn``bh|t zbdbiwbl gzn` }bz|ihbh| Di|y Lb}fz|`bh|t . Liwitinht fzb f||fdobl |n |oit t|fgg zb}nz| ihF||fdo`bh| K Lb}fz|`bh| Dn``bh|t /qoido ihderlb dn``bh|t gzn` Jrieliha Tbzwidbt |of| qbzb hn|f||fdobl |n |ob @fzdo :4% :=66 ]efhhiha Dn`ìttinh T|fgg Zb}nz|)( Fe|onrao |ob ]efhhiha Liwitinh oft hn|zbdbiwbl fhy dn``bh|t gzn` f}}eidfjeb Di|y Lb}fz|`bh|t . Liwitinht |of| dfhhn| jb zbftnhfjey gregieebl nz |of|qfzzfh| lbhife ng |ob }b|i|inh% t|fgg zbdn``bhlt litdrttinh ng |ob gneenqiha ittrbt3

R|iei|ibt( Nhb ng |ob fzar`bh|t ih gfwnz ng |ob }zn}ntfe it i|t bggidibh| rtb ng bxit|iha }rjeid ihgzft|zrd|rzbqoido zblrdbt }zbttrzb |n lbwben} hbq t|zbb|t fhl r|iei|y eihbt( Onqbwbz% n}}nhbh|t ng |ob }zn}ntfe ofwbbx}zbttbl dnhdbzh zbafzliha df}fdi|y ng bxit|iha }rjeid r|iei|ibt( Ih f 69?6 zb}nz| bh|i|ebl FddbttnzyF}fz|`bh|t3 Rtiha Trz}ert T}fdb ih Tihaeb Gfìey Onrtbt }rjeitobl jy |ob F`bzidfh ]efhhiha Fttndif|inh/F]F) |ob fr|onzt fllzbttbl |ob gneenqiha vrbt|inh3

Onq @fhy Rhi|t fzb Eikbey |n jb Jrie|> Diwid aznr}t fzb gzbvrbh|ey gbfzgre fjnr| |ob hr`jbz ng rhi|t|of| `fy jb dzbf|bl rhlbz fh nzlihfhdb( F ei||eb arilfhdb it }znwilbl jy |ob bx}bzibhdb ng |nqht |of|ofwb nzlihfhdbt( Qobh ]nz|efhl% Nzbanh!t Fll-F-Zbh|fe qbh| ih|n bggbd| ih Cfhrfzy% 69?6% fg|bzdnhtilbzfjeb dnh|znwbzty% fe`nt| hn|oiha of}}bhbl( I| qft giwb `nh|ot jbgnzb ]nz|efhl ofl i|t gizt| |ozbbf}}eidf|inht% fhl% jy |ob bhl ng |ob ybfz% nhey giwb ofl dn`b ih( Jfjyenh% Enha Itefhl /Hbq Ynzk)bt|i`f|bl ih 6919 |of| i| ofl fddbttnzy f}fz|`bh|t ih 6=-:= }bzdbh| ng i|t t|ndk( Eyhlbhorzt|% hbx| |nJfjyenh% oft ofl fh fddbttnzy f}fz|`bh| nzlihfhdb tihdb 6922% fhl nhey 6= }bzdbh| ng i|t tihaeb-gfìeyt|ndk oft jbbh dnhwbz|bl ebafeey( Qbt|nh% Dnhhbd|idr|% oft fjnr| 6= }bzdbh| ng i|t onrtiha t|ndk ihfddbttnzy f}fz|`bh|t% bwbh |onrao i| oft ofl fh nzlihfhdb tihdb |ob bfzey 697=t( Zbh|nh% Qftoiha|nh%qi|o fh nzlihfhdb tihdb 6922% oft dnhwbztinht ih fjnr| biao| }bzdbh| ng i|t onrtb(

\obzb it nhb ebttnh |n jb lzfqh3 |ob }zbtbhdb ng fh nzlihfhdb }bzì||iha fddbttnzy f}fz|`bh|t lnbth!|hbdbttfziey t|i`ref|b dnhwbztinh |n fddbttnzy f}fz|`bh|t% fhl |ob fjtbhdb ng nhb lnbth!| hbdbttfzieylitdnrzfab |ob` /i|feidt fllbl gnz b`}oftit)(

Endfeey% Lfyjzbfkf trddbttgre }efhhbl lbwben}`bh| dn``rhi|y ih Tnr|o Cnzlfh% R|fo |of| it `nlbeblfg|bz nelbz Tfe| Efkb Di|y hbiaojnzonnltihderlbt }znwitinht gnz fddbttnzy f}fz|`bh|t( Abnzab Tofq%

Dn``rhi|y Lbwben}`bh| Lizbd|nz gnz |ob Di|y ng Tnr|o Cnzlfh% zb}nz|bl |of| |obzb fzb f}}znxi`f|bey :=lb|fdobl fddbttnzy lqbeeihat% fhl 7 f||fdobl fddbttnzy lqbeeihat qi|oih Lfyjzbfk% qoido dnh|fihtf}}znxi`f|bey :%2== onrtbonelt fhl 9%=== zbtilbh|t(

Jftbl r}nh zbtbfzdo% fhl r}nh zbdbi}| ng f eb||bz ng zbdn``bhlf|inh gzn` |ob Lb}fz|`bh| ng ]rjeidR|iei|ibt |of| lil hn| ilbh|igy r|iei|y df}fdi|y ft f dnhdbzh% t|fgg gihlt |of| |oit ittrb it hn| f tiahigidfh|dnhdbzh /tbb F||fdo`bh| K Lb}fz|`bh| Dn``bh|t)(

Fhn|obz ittrb zbef|iwb |n r|iei|ibt |of| oft }bztit|bl |oznraonr| |ob lbwben}`bh| ng |ob lzfg| nzlihfhdb itqob|obz |n zbvrizb tb}fzf|b r|iei|y `b|bzt gnz FLRt( Jbdfrtb fh FLR `fy jb f||fdobl |n nz lb|fdobl gzn`|ob }zihdi}fe lqbeeiha% fhl dnht|zrd|inh ng r|iei|y ihgzft|zrd|rzb qiee wfzy% |ob }zn}ntbl nzlihfhdb feenqt gnz

}zn}bz|y nqhbz }zbgbzbhdb /trjcbd| |n dn`}eifhdb qi|o Di|y zbaref|inht)( Onqbwbz% tn`b ofwb fzarbl |of|}znoiji|iha tb}fzf|b r|iei|y `b|bzt `fy bhdnrzfab dn`}eifhdb qi|o nqhbz nddr}fhdy }znwitinht( Ihzbt}nhtb |n |oit ittrb% Crt|ih T|nkbz /Bhaihbbz W qi|o |ob Lb}fz|`bh| ng ]rjeid R|iei|ibt) zbdn``bhlblf}}znwfe ng |ob }zn}ntbl zbaref|inh qi|o |ob gneenqiha `nligidf|inh3

Ig tbqbz nz qf|bz r|iei|y tbzwidb qiee jb dnhhbd|bl |oznrao |ob }zi`fzy zbtilbhdb fhl hn| dnhhbd|bl|oznrao f tb}fzf|b dnhhbd|inh |n |ob tbqbz nz qf|bz `fih% |ob lbbl zbt|zid|inh qiee fetn ilbh|igy fhytbqbz nz qf|bz dnhhbd|inht ih|n nz |oznrao |ob }zi`fzy zbtilbhdb (


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N}|inh 6( F}}znwb zbaref|inh ft }zn}ntbl /eiì| hr`jbz ng }bzì|t ittrbl }bz dfebhlfz ybfz% tb}fzf|br|iei|y `b|bzt gnz FLR fzb hn| zbvrizbl jr| `fy jb iht|feebl jy f eidbhtbl dnh|zfd|nz r}nhf}}znwfe ng |ob Di|y fhl r|iei|y dn`}fhy)(

N}|inh :( @nligy zbaref|inh |n ihderlb lbbl zbt|zid|inh zbafzliha r|iei|y tbzwidbt qobh dnhhbd|bl|oznrao }zihdi}fe /nz }zi`fzy) zbtilbhdb(

N}|inh :( @nligy zbaref|inh |n zbvrizb iht|feef|inh ng tb}fzf|b r|iei|y `b|bzt gnz fh FLR( N}|inh 4( @nligy zbaref|inh |n }znoiji| |ob iht|feef|inh ng flli|inhfe r|iei|y `b|bzt gnz fh FLR(

Bhgnzdb`bh|( Ft f `f||bz ng ebaitef|iwb }neidy% Tfe| Efkb Di|y lbtizbt |n }zbtbzwb onrtiha |of|trjt|fh|ifeey dn`}eibt qi|o eigb fhl tfgb|y dnlbt( Drzzbh|ey% Tfe| Efkb Di|y flìhit|zf|bt f }zndbtt |nebafeisb bxit|iha lqbeeiha rhi|t |of| qbzb dnht|zrd|bl jbgnzb 691= fhl ofwb jbbh dnh|ihrnrtey rtbl( \oit}zndbtt it khnqh ft Ebafeisf|inh ng Bxdbtt Lqbeeiha Rhi|t fhl it anwbzhbl jy Tbd|inh :6F(2:(6== ng |obSnhiha \i|eb( Onqbwbz% |ob rhi| ebafeisf|inh }zndbtt it dn`}eb|bey tb}fzf|b fhl ihlb}bhlbh| gzn` |ob}zn}ntbl FLR zbaref|inh(

F dn``nh dnhdbzh it |ob Di|yt fjiei|y |n bhgnzdb |ob }zn}ntbl FLR zbaref|inh( \n fllzbtt |oit ittrb% |obDi|y qiee zbvrizb fh fhhrfe jrtihbtt eidbhtb gnz bfdo FLR% qoido gbb qft zbdbh|ey f}}znwbl jy |ob Di|yDnrhdie ft }fz| ng |ob :=66-:=6: Di|y Jrlab| /jftb eidbhtb gbb it ,66=(==% }ert ,4


10/155

]EH]D@:=6=-==76: Fddbttnzy Lqbeeiha Rhi|t 6= ]rjeitobl Lf|b3 Crhb 67% :=66

vrbt|inht% fhl hn|bl dnhdbzht gnz gr|rzb dnhtilbzf|inh( \ob FLR gndrt aznr} qft dn`}zitbl ng |obgneenqiha ihliwilrfet3

HF@B ZB]ZBTBH\F\INH F\\BHLFHDB

Dihly Dzn`bz ]zn}bz|y Nqhbz Ybt

Abnzab Kbehbz Yfebdzbt| Dn``rhi|y Dnrhdie Hn

Anzlnh T|nzzt Gfiz}fzk Dn``rhi|y Dnrhdie Ybt

LbQi|| Tì|o Eijbz|y Qbeet Dn``rhi|y Dnrhdie Hn

Ci` Cbhkih Azbf|bz Fwbhrbt Dn``rhi|y Dnrhdie Hn

]oiei} Dfzetnh Trafz Onrtb Dn``rhi|y Dnrhdie YbtLfwil Zidofzltnh Df}i|ne Oiee Dnht|zrd|inh Hn

@idofbe @fofggby Dnh|zfd|nz Ybt

Jzytnh Afzjb|| Lbwben}bz Ybt

Bl T}bzzy Zbfe|nz Hn

\i` Grhk Dznttznflt Rzjfh Dbh|bz Hn

@fzif Afzdifs Hbiaojnzqnzkt Tfe| Efkb Ybt

Cnh Ebfz Lnqhby @fhtinh Hn

]fre Tì|o R|fo F}fz|`bh| Fttndif|inh Ybt

@ikb Nt|bzìeebz R|fo Fttndif|inh ng Zbfe|nzt Hn

Crt|ih Feebh Tfe| Efkb Jnfzl ng Zbfe|nzt Ybt

Tnhyf @fz|ihbs Dn``rhi|y Fd|inh Fabhdy Ybt

Znabz Jnzabhido| FTTIT\ Ybt

]oiei} Dfzznee Dn``rhi|y Onrtiha Tbzwidbt Ihd YbtFzef Grhk Oit|nzid Efhl`fzk Dn`ìttinh Ybt

Defrlif N!Azfly R|fo Onrtiha Dnz}nzf|inh Hn

Ftokbh \fhibeifh Onrtiha Flwndf|b Hn

Lfh Jb|obe Fzdoi|bd| Hn

Fhhfeitf T|baabee Onedn`jb Qbt|ìht|bz Dneebab Ybt

Gzfhditdf Jefhd R|fo Onrtiha Dnfei|inh Ybt

Zbwitinht( \ob ]efhhiha Liwitinh fhl Defzinh Fttndif|bt ofwb zbwitbl |ob }zn}ntbl zbaref|inhhr`bznrt |i`bt lrziha |ob }ft| ybfz( ]zi`fziey% dofhabt ih |ob lzfg| nzlihfhdb fllzbttbl nqhbznddr}fhdy zbvrizb`bh|t% jrieliha obiao| zbaref|inht% ìhi`r` tb|jfdkt% jrieliha lbtiah% eiì|iha |obhr`jbz ng FLR }bzì|t ittrbl }bz dfebhlfz ybfz% fhl }fzkiha zbvrizb`bh|t(

Fhfeytit fhl Gihlihat

N}|inht

Qobzbft |ob Di|y Dnrhdie oft gihfe ebaitef|iwb fr|onzi|y nwbz |ob }b|i|inh% |ob ]efhhiha Dn`ìttinh `fy3

Zbdn``bhl f}}znwfe ng |ob }zn}ntfe jftbl nh |bt|i`nhy fhl gihlihat dnh|fihbl qi|oih |ob t|fgg zb}nz|;

Zbdn``bhl f}}znwfe qi|o t}bdigid `nligidf|inht;

Zbdn``bhl lbhife ng |ob }b|i|inh jftbl nh |bt|i`nhy fhl gihlihat; nz

\fjeb |ob }zn}ntfe gnz grz|obz zbwibq(

Ig |ob Dn`ìttinh wn|bt |n |fjeb |ob }b|i|inh% |ob ]efhhiha Liwitinh zbt}bd|greey zbvrbt|t |ob Dn`ìttinh}znwilb t}bdigid lizbd|inh |n t|fgg(

Gihlihat

Tbd|inh :6F(2=(=2=( F lbditinh |n f`bhl |ob |bx| ng |oit |i|eb nz |ob snhiha `f} jy abhbzfe f`bhl`bh| it

f `f||bz dn`ì||bl |n |ob ebaitef|iwb litdzb|inh ng |ob di|y dnrhdie fhl it hn| dnh|zneebl jy fhy nhb

t|fhlfzl( Onqbwbz% ih `fkiha i|t lbditinh dnhdbzhiha f }zn}ntbl f`bhl`bh|% |ob di|y dnrhdie tonrel

dnhtilbz |ob gneenqiha gfd|nzt3


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6( Qob|obz f }zn}ntbl |bx| f`bhl`bh| it dnhtit|bh| qi|o |ob }rz}ntbt% anfet% njcbd|iwbt% fhl }neidibt ng|ob di|y ft t|f|bl |oznrao i|t wfzinrt fln}|bl }efhhiha lndr`bh|t;

Gihliha3 Qi|oih |ob Tfe| Efkb Di|y Dn``rhi|y Onrtiha ]efh% qoido qft }zb}fzbl jy |ob Onrtiha fhlHbiaojnzonnl Liwitinh ng Dn``rhi|y fhl Bdnhnìd Lbwben}`bh| Lb}fz|`bh| fhl fln}|bl jy |ob Tfe|Efkb Di|y Dnrhdie ih F}zie ng :===% |ob gneenqiha }neidy t|f|b`bh|t fhl i`}eb`bh|f|inh t|zf|baibt fzbf}}eidfjeb3

Di|y Dnrhdie ]neidy T|f|b`bh|( \ob Di|y Dnrhdie tr}}nz|t f di|yqilb wfzib|y ng onrtiha rhi|tihderliha fggnzlfjeb onrtiha fhl tr}}nz|t fddn``nlf|iha liggbzbh| |y}bt fhl ih|bhti|ibt ngzbtilbh|ife lbwben}`bh|( /}( ?)

Di|y Dnrhdie ]neidy T|f|b`bh|( \ob Di|y Dnrhdie tr}}nz|t ìxbl rtb fhl ìxbl ihdn`b dnhdb}|tfhl }zncbd|t |of| fdoibwb wijzfh|% tfgb% ih|bazf|bl% qfekfjeb hbiaojnzonnlt |oznrao f liwbztb ìx ngrtbt fhl ihdn`bt ih fzbft qi|o bt|fjeitobl tbzwidbt /}( 69)

Fggnzlfjeb fhl \zfhti|inhfe Onrtiha I`}eb`bh|f|inh T|zf|bay 6( Zbwibq Jbt| ]zfd|idbt gzn`n|obz di|ibt fhl bt|fjeito hbq }znazf`t nz bx}fhl bxit|iha }znazf`t |of| `bb| onrtiha hbblt fhl`fxiìsb onrtiha n}}nz|rhi|ibt gnz fee zbtilbh|t qi|oih Tfe| Efkb Di|y( /}( :


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]EH]D@:=6=-==76: Fddbttnzy Lqbeeiha Rhi|t 6: ]rjeitobl Lf|b3 Crhb 67% :=66

Jftbl nh f zbwibq ng |ob Tfe| Efkb Di|y Dn``rhi|y Onrtiha ]efh% fhl |ob Dzbf|iha \n`nzznq \nab|obz3Gihfe Zb}nz| ng |ob Tfe| Efkb Di|y Gr|rzbt Dn``ittinh% qoido lndr`bh|t fzb f}}eidfjeb di|yqilb% t|fgggihlt |ob }zn}ntfe it dnhtit|bh| qi|o |ob }rz}ntbt% anfet% njcbd|iwbt% fhl }neidibt ng |ob fln}|bl abhbzfe }efhng Tfe| Efkb Di|y(

:( Qob|obz f }zn}ntbl |bx| f`bhl`bh| grz|obzt |ob t}bdigid }rz}ntb t|f|b`bh|t ng |ob snhiha nzlihfhdb;

Gihliha3 Dof}|bz:6F(=:(=4= ng |ob Snhiha Nzlihfhdb t|f|bt3

]rz}ntb fhl Ih|bh|3 \ob }rz}ntb ng |oit |i|eb it |n }zn`n|b |ob obfe|o% tfgb|y% `nzfet% dnhwbhibhdb%nzlbz% }znt}bzi|y fhl qbegfzb ng |ob }zbtbh| fhl gr|rzb ihofji|fh|t ng Tfe| Efkb Di|y% |n i`}eb`bh| |obfln}|bl }efht ng |ob di|y% fhl |n dfzzy nr| |ob }rz}ntbt ng |ob `rhidi}fe efhl rtb lbwben}`bh| fhl`fhfab`bh| fd|% |i|eb 6=% dof}|bz 9% ng |ob R|fo Dnlb Fhhn|f|bl nz i|t trddbttnz% fhl n|obz zbebwfh|t|f|r|bt( \oit |i|eb it% ih flli|inh% ih|bhlbl |n3

f( Ebttbh dnhabt|inh ih |ob t|zbb|t nz znflt;j( Tbdrzb tfgb|y gzn` gizb fhl n|obz lfhabzt;d( ]znwilb flbvrf|b eiao| fhl fiz;l( Defttigy efhl rtbt fhl lit|zijr|b efhl lbwben}`bh| fhl r|ieisf|inh;b( ]zn|bd| |ob |fx jftb;

g( Tbdrzb bdnhn`y ih anwbzh`bh|fe bx}bhli|rzbt;a( Gnt|bz |ob di|y!t ihlrt|zife% jrtihbtt fhl zbtilbh|ife lbwben}`bh|; fhlo( ]zn|bd| |ob bhwiznh`bh|(

Flli|inhfeey% Tbd|inh :6F(:


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14/155

]EH]D@:=6=-==76: Fddbttnzy Lqbeeiha Rhi|t 6< ]rjeitobl Lf|b3 Crhb 67% :=66

F||fdo`bh| FFddbttnzy Lqbeeiha Rhi|t Nzlihfhdb


15/155

Tfe| Efkb Di|y 6Fddbttnzy Lqbeeiha Rhi|tCrhb :=66

DOF]\BZ :6F(__

:6F(__(__3 FDDBTTNZY LQBEEIHA RHI\T

F( ]rz}ntb T|f|b`bh|((:

J( F}}eidfjiei|y(((:

D( ]bz`i| Feendf|inh:

L( Lbgihi|inht((4B( T|fhlfzlt((((


16/155

Tfe| Efkb Di|y :Fddbttnzy Lqbeeiha Rhi|tCrhb :=66

FDDBTTNZY LQBEEIHA RHI\T

F( ]RZ]NTB T\F\B@BH\

\ob }rz}ntbt ng |ob fddbttnzy lqbeeiha rhi| }znwitinht fzb |n3

6( Dzbf|b hbq onrtiha rhi|t qoieb zbt}bd|iha |ob ennk fhl tdfeb ng tihaeb-lqbeeiha lbwben}`bh|;:( Ihdzbftb |ob onrtiha t|ndk ng bxit|iha hbiaojnzonnlt ih f `fhhbz |of| it ebtt ih|bhtb |ofh

fe|bzhf|iwbt;

4( Feenq `nzb bggidibh| rtb ng bxit|iha onrtiha t|ndk% }rjeid ihgzft|zrd|rzb% fhl |ob b`jnlibl bhbzaydnh|fihbl qi|oih bxit|iha t|zrd|rzbt;


17/155

Tfe| Efkb Di|y 4Fddbttnzy Lqbeeiha Rhi|tCrhb :=66

L( LBGIHI\INHT6

Fddbttnzy Lqbeeiha Rhi|3 F zbtilbh|ife rhi| |of| it endf|bl nh |ob tf`b en| ft f tihaeb-gfìey lqbeeiha rhi|%bi|obz ih|bzhfe |n nz f||fdobl |n |ob tihaeb gfìey rhi| nz ih f lb|fdobl t|zrd|rzb( \ob fddbttnzy lqbeeiharhi| tofee jb f dn`}eb|b onrtbkbb}iha rhi| qi|o f tofzbl nz tb}fzf|b bh|zfhdb% fhl tb}fzf|b ki|dobh%tebb}iha fzbf% dentb| t}fdb% fhl jf|oznn` gfdiei|ibt(

Nqhbz Nddr}fh|3

6( Fh ihliwilrfe qon3

f( ]nttbttbt% ft tonqh jy f zbdnzlbl lbbl% gig|y /2=) }bzdbh| nz `nzb nqhbztoi} ih f lqbeeiharhi|% fhl

j( Nddr}ibt |ob lqbeeiha rhi| qi|o f jnhf gilb ih|bh| |n `fkb i| oit nz obz }zi`fzy zbtilbhdb; nz:( Fh ihliwilrfe qon3

f( It f |zrt|nz ng f gfìey |zrt| qoido3

/6) ]nttbttbt gbb |i|eb nqhbztoi} |n f lqbeeiha rhi|;/:) Qft dzbf|bl gnz bt|f|b }efhhiha }rz}ntbt jy nhb /6) nz `nzb |zrt|nzt ng |ob |zrt|; fhl

j( Nddr}ibt |ob lqbeeiha rhi| nqhbl jy |ob gfìey |zrt| qi|o f jnhf gilb ih|bh| |n `fkb i| oit nzobz }zi`fzy zbtilbhdb( Bfdo eiwiha |zrt|nz ng |ob |zrt| tofee tn nddr}y |ob lqbeeiha rhi| bxdb}|gnz f |zrt|nz qon |b`}nzfziey zbtilbt betbqobzb lrb |n f litfjiei|y nz ihgizì|y( Ih trdo bwbh|%|ob lqbeeiha rhi| tofee hbwbz|obebtt jb |ob lnìdieb ng |ob |zrt|nz lrziha |ob |zrt|nz!t |b`}nzfzyfjtbhdb(

4( Bwbh ig f }bztnh `bb|t |ob zbvrizb`bh|t ng Trjtbd|inht 6 nz : ng |oit lbgihi|inh% trdo }bztnh tofeehn| jb lbb`bl fh nqhbz nddr}fh| ig |ob }zn}bz|y nh qoido |ob lqbeeiha rhi| it endf|bl oft `nzb|ofh nhb /6) nqhbz fhl fee nqhbzt ng |ob }zn}bz|y ln hn| nddr}y |ob lqbeeiha rhi| qi|o f jnhfgilb ih|bh| |n `fkb |ob lqbeeiha rhi| |obiz }zi`fzy zbtilbhdb(

f( F defi` jy |ob Di|y |of| f }bztnh it hn| fh nqhbz nddr}fh| `fy jb zbjr||bl nhey jylndr`bh|f|inh% trjì||bl |n |ob Dn``rhi|y fhl Bdnhnìd Lbwben}`bh| Lb}fz|`bh|% tonqiha

trdo }bztnh oft f jnhf gilb ih|bh| |n `fkb |ob lqbeeiha rhi| oit nz obz }zi`fzy zbtilbhdb( Trdoih|bh| tofee jb tonqh jy3

/6) Lndr`bh|t gnz fhy enfh }zbtbh|ey f}}eidfjeb |n |ob }zn}bz|y qobzb |ob lqbeeiha rhi| itendf|bl qoido hf`b |ob }bztnh ft f jnzznqbz;

/:) \fx zb|rzht qoido tonq |ob }bztnh oft defi`bl ihdn`b% lblrd|inht% nz lb}zbdif|inh gzn`|ob }zn}bz|y;

/4) Zbh|fe lndr`bh|t fhl fazbb`bh|t qi|o fhy |bhfh| qon nddr}ibt |ob lqbeeiha rhi|%ihderliha fh fddbttnzy f}fz|`bh|;

/


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Tfe| Efkb Di|y

Gnz` ng Nqhbztoi}( Tonrel |ob nzlihfhdb }znoiji| dnhwbz|iha |ob FLR rhi| ih|n f dnhlnìhir`>

]zbbxit|iha% hnhdnhgnzìha FLRt( Onq tonrel |ob nzlihfhdb |zbf| azfhlgf|obzbl FLRt> Onqln ynr |zbf| ieebafe f}fz|`bh|t |of| qfh| |n f}}ey gnz fh FLR }bzì|>

Rhi| Tisb3 Tonrel |ob nzlihfhdb eiì| |ob tvrfzb gnn|fab ng |ob FLR |n fttrzb |of| |ob rhi| it |zreyfddbttnzy |n |ob }zihdi}fe lqbeeiha nh |ob }zn}bz|y>

Flbvrfdy ng Qf|bz fhl Tbqbz Tbzwidbt( Onq ln ynr arfzfh|bb |obzb it bhnrao df}fdi|y ihtbqbz eihbt% }r`}iha t|f|inht% fhl |zbf|`bh| gfdiei|ibt |n fddn``nlf|b FLRt>

\obtb fzb hn| bfty ittrbt( Onqbwbz% dn``rhi|ibt qnrel ln qbee |n tbzinrtey dnhtilbz fln}|iha fhf}}znfdo |of|3 feenqt FLRt jy ziao| qi|o debfz qzi||bh dnhli|inht; lnbt hn| zbvrizb nqhbz nddr}fh-dy; }znoiji|t dnhlnìhir` nqhbztoi} nh |ob jftit |of| f dnhln dnrel hn| jb dnhtilbzbl fddbttnzy;}znwilbt f ti`}eb }zndblrzb gnz ebafeisiha }zbbxit|iha nz gnz`bzey ieebafe f}fz|`bh|t }znwilbl |obrhi| it iht}bd|bl; }znwilbt f abhbznrt tisb t|fhlfzl; fhl }znwilbt f qf|bz fhl tbqbz flbvrfdy t|fh-lfzl(

]FT VridkHn|bt it f }rjeidf|inh ng |ob F`bzidfh ]efhhiha Fttndif|inh!t ]efhhiha Flwitnzy Tbzwidb /]FT)( Dn}yziao| :==9( Wi ti|

]FT nheihb f| qqq(}efhhiha(nza.}ft |n gihl nr| onq ]FT dfh qnzk gnz ynr( F`bzidfh ]efhhiha F ttndif|inh t|fgg3 Q( ]fre

Gfz`bz% GFID]% Bxbdr|iwb Lizbd|nz fhl DBN; Qieeif` Z( Kebih% FID]% Lizbd|nz ng Zbtbfzdo fhl Flwitnzy Tbzwidbt; \zb Cbzlnh%

VridkHn|bt Bli|nz; \i` @bhhbe% Tbhinz Bli|nz; Creib Wnh Jbzabh% Fttit|fh| Bli|nz; Trtfh Lbbafh% Tbhinz Azf}oid Lbtiahbz(

]fab :

F ]rjeidf|inh ng |ob F`bzidfh ]efhhiha Fttndif|inh u ]FT VridkHn|bt Hn( 69

Tihaeb t|nzy FLR gennz }efh(

LfwilJfkbzfhl]fz|hbztFzdoi|bd|t


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F||fdo`bh| GHbqt Fz|ideb3 Tbf||eb Ennkt |n Dn||fabt


39/155

Tbf||eb Ennkt |n Dn||fabt gnz Fggnzlfjeb Onrtiha

Di|ibt fzb t|zraaeiha |n ihdzbftb zbtilbh|ife lbhti|y qi|onr| lbt|znyiha tihaeb-gfìeyhbiaojnzonnlt( \of| dnrel `bfh |ob zb|rzh ng |ob jfdkyfzl dn||fab(

Sfdo ]f||nh u @fy :=66

I|t doieey% azfy fhl zfihiha(

Ih n|obz qnzlt% i|t fh r||bzey rhzb`fzkfjeb t}ziha lfy ih Tbf||eb% ft |ob di|yt rzjfh }efhhiha tr}bzwitnz@ikb ]nlnqtki }reet r} |n f on`b ih |ob Dner`jif Di|y hbiaojnzonnl tnr|obft| ng lnqh|nqh( \obefzab def}jnfzl-fhl-dblfz onrtb it f dofzìha |qn-t|nzy Dzfg|t`fh% jr| ]nlnqtkit hn| ih|bzbt|bl(Iht|bfl% ob `fkbt f jbbeihb gnz f gzbbt|fhliha t|zrd|rzb ih |ob jfdkyfzl( \oit it azbf|& ob tfyt% ft |obon`bnqhbz rtobzt oi` |oznrao f af|b( I|t fh ilbfe tb|-r}(

]nlnqtki oft dn`b |n dobdk ih nh nhb ng Tbf||ebt gft|bt|-aznqiha hbq `nlbt ng onrtiha3 |objfdkyfzl dn||fab( Tihdb :==7% |ob di|y oft feenqbl on`bnqhbzt |n jriel t|fhl-fenhb dn||fabtnggidifeey khnqh ft lb|fdobl fddbttnzy lqbeeiha rhi|tjboihl bxit|iha tihaeb-gfìey on`bt( F| gizt|%|ob snhiha dofhab nhey f}}eibl |n f gbq hbiaojnzonnlt nh |ob di|yt tnr|o tilb% ihderliha Dner`jifDi|y( Jr| ih Hnwb`jbz :==9% Tbf||eb bx}fhlbl |ob }ien| }znazf` |oznraonr| |ob di|y% |n fhy zbtilbh|ife

en| ng f| ebft|


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|ob 692=t% onqbwbz% F`bzidfht qbzb lbdf`}iha gnz |ob trjrzjt% }rztriha |ob lzbf` ng f tihaeb-gfìeyon`b nh f efzab |zfd| ng efhl( @fhy rzjfh snhiha dnlbt ng |ob tbdnhl ofeg ng |ob dbh|rzy bttbh|ifeeyjfhhbl |ob dnht|zrd|inh ng hbq jfdkyfzl dn||fabt(

Jr| ft f||i|rlbt |nqfzl rzjfh lbhti|y ofwb toig|bl ih zbdbh| ybfztfhl ft fggnzlfjeb onrtiha oftjbdn`b tdfzdb ih `fhy }efdbt`nzb fhl `nzb di|ibt ofwb zbdnhtilbzbl |ob azfhhy gef| ft fhi`}nz|fh| }fz| ng f hbiaojnzonnl( ]nz|efhl% Nzb(% fhl Tfh|f Dzrs% Dfeig(% jn|o ofwb t|znha jfdkyfzldn||fab }znazf`t( Doidfan fhl @flitnh% Qit(% ofwb dnhtilbzbl zbefxiha |obiz }znoiji|inht fafiht|FLRt( Lbhwbz eft| tr``bz zbwf`}bl i|t bh|izb di|y snhiha dnlb fhl hnq }bzì|t t|fhl-fenhb FLRt ihdbz|fih hbiaojnzonnlt( Dfeignzhif ih :==4 }fttbl efhl`fzk ebaitef|inh bttbh|ifeey gnzdiha endfei|ibt |nfeenq FLRt( /Onqbwbz% jbdfrtb di|ibt qbzb feenqbl |n lbtiah zbt|zid|inht ft hfzznqey ft |oby qfh|bl%|ob efq ofth| ofl ft `rdo i`}fd| ft i| dnrel ofwb( ]ftflbhf% gnz bxf`}eb% nhey feenqt FLRt nh en|tefzabz |ofh 62%=== tvrfzb gbb|% fhl `fhlf|bt |of| fh FLR ofwb i|t nqh |qn-dfz afzfab( Nhey nhbjfdkyfzl dn||fab oft jbbh jrie| ih ]ftflbhf tihdb |ob :==4 efq |nnk bggbd|()

Hn| bwbzynhb it }ebftbl( Dzi|idt tfy |ob flli|inhfe zbtilbh|t }r| f dzrhdo nh fwfiefjeb t|zbb| }fzkiha(Tn`b hbiaojnzt qnzzy fjnr| }ziwfdy qi|o f |qn-t|nzy dn||fab ennìha crt| nwbz |ob }zn}bz|y eihb( Jr||ob jiaabt| dnhdbzh |bhlt |n jb |ob hn|inh |of| feenqiha jfdkyfzl zbh|fe dn||fabt qiee izzbwndfjeydofhab |ob gbbe ng f hbiaojnzonnl( Qoieb Tbf||eb qft lbjf|iha |ob dn||fabt ih :==9% nhb zbfe bt|f|bfabh| dfeebl |ob di|yt }zn}ntfe f lb gfd|n zbsnhb ng |ob bh|izb di|y% flliha% \obzb qiee hn enhabz jb

tihaeb-gfìey hbiaojnzonnlt ih Tbf||eb(

]nlnqtki fdkhnqeblabt |of| wndfe njcbd|inht gzn` tn`b dzi|idt `flb i| dofeebhaiha |n ab| |obebaitef|inh }fttbl( ]bn}eb fzb wbzy }zn|bd|iwb ng |obiz tihaeb-gfìey hbiaojnzonnlt% fhl |oby qbzbh|trzb |oit qft tn`b|oiha |of| qft aniha |n gi| ih(

Jr| fg|bz |ob di|yt |ozbb-ybfz bx}bzi`bh| qi|o FLRt ih |ob tnr|obft| }fz| ng |nqh% ]nlnqtkit nggidbdnhlrd|bl f trzwby ng zbtilbh|t eiwiha hbfz f }bzì||bl jfdkyfzl dn||fab |n afrab |ob i`}fd| |ob rhi|tofl nh hbiaojnzonnlt( Qof| |ob di|y gnrhl qft tn`b|oiha ng f trz}zitb( Biao|y-gnrz }bzdbh| ng |obzbt}nhlbh|t tfil |ob FLRt oflh| ofl fhy litdbzhijeb i`}fd| nh }fzkiha nz |zfggid( Qof|t `nzb% `nt|}bn}eb lilh| bwbh khnq |oby eiwbl hbfz fh FLR% tfyt ]nlnqtki( @nzb |ofh ofeg ng |ob` lilh| bwbhzbfeisb |obzb qft f rhi| hbx| lnnz( I| zbfeey obe}bl rt |n tonq |of| f en| ng |ob gbfzt }bn}eb ofl fjnr||obtb qbzb hn| aniha |n jb zbfeisbl(

\of| }nti|iwb gbbljfdk obe}bl bhdnrzfab |ob di|y |n bx}fhl FLR snhiha di|yqilb( Dnrhdie `b`jbztfetn beiìhf|bl f df} nh |ob hr`jbz ng jfdkyfzl dn||fabt |of| dnrel jb jrie| ih |ob di|y% fhl |obyzbcbd|bl f }zn}ntbl lit}bztinh zbvrizb`bh|% qoido qnrel ofwb eiì|bl |ob hr`jbz ng FLRt ih f aiwbhhbiaojnzonnl( \ob di|y }zb}fzbl f lbtiah arilb gnz on`bnqhbzt% |i}t nh jbiha f annl efhlenzl fhlilbft gnz onq |n jbt| zbt}bd| hbiaojnzt }ziwfdy( Tihdb |obh% |ob 21 hbq }bzì|t gnz jfdkyfzl dn||fabthr`jbz ih |ob jfee}fzk ng qof| |ob di|y ofl }zblid|bl% tfyt ]nlnqtki% fhl |obyzb bwbhey t}zbfl ihhbiaojnzonnlt fdzntt Tbf||eb(

\n obfz ]nlnqtki |bee i|% |ob jbhbgi|t ng fh FLR fzb zbef|iwbey }zntfid3 \obyzb annl gnz faiha }fzbh|t%nz |ob zbh|fe ihdn`b dfh obe} nggtb| f on`bnqhbzt `nz|afab( Jr| ih tn`b qfyt% jfdkyfzl dn||fabtzb}zbtbh| f jiaabz toig| |ofh |of|( Di|ibt fzb t|zraaeiha qi|o% Onq nh bfz|o ln ynr ihdzbftb lbhti|y ih f

trjrzjfh hbiaojnzonnl ng tihaeb-gfìey on`bt> tfyt Qi|nel Zyjdsyhtki% fh rzjfhit` }zngbttnz f||ob Rhiwbzti|y ng ]bhhtyewfhif fhl |ob fr|onz ng @fkbtoig| @b|zn}neit fhl n|obz jnnkt nh rzjfh}efhhiha( \ob jfdkyfzl dn||fab it fh bfty gizt| t|b} |nqfzl lbhtigidf|inh% ob tfyt( Rheikb oiao-zitbzbtilbh|ife |nqbzt nz bwbh ìl-zitb f}fz|`bh| jrielihat% Zyjdsyhtki tfyt% jfdkyfzl dn||fabt fzb fhbggbd|iwb qfy |n ihdzbftb lbhti|y qi|onr| f zflidfe dofhab ih hbiaojnzonnl t|fhlfzlt( Qi|o |ob |qihdofeebhabt ng fddn``nlf|iha fh faiha }n}ref|inh fhl }znwiliha liwbztb onrtiha n}|inht |n fh bwbz-aznqiha }nne ng zbtilbh|t% fh ihdzbftiha hr`jbz ng di|ibt `fy gihl f tner|inh ziao| ih |obiz nqhjfdkyfzlt(

\oit fz|ideb qft }zih|bl gzn`3 o||}3..qqq(anwbzhiha(dn`.tbf||eb-ennkt-dn||fabt-fggnzlfjeb-onrtiha-n}|inht(o|è


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]EH]D@:=6=-==76: Fddbttnzy Lqbeeiha Rhi|t := ]rjeitobl Lf|b3 Crhb 67% :=66

F||fdo`bh| ALz( Fz|orz D( Hbetnh ]nqbz]nih|


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\nlfyt ebttnh

Fz|orz D( Hbetnh% ]o(L( GFID]zbt bh f zn bttnz

Rhiwbzti|y ng R|fo

Dofhaiha Onrtbonel Tisb

Ybfz

TED

OOTisb

RT

OOTisb

692= 4(4? 4(


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7.61.:=

Tfe| Efkb Di|y Onrtbonelt

Onrtbonel Hr`jbz Tofzb

\n|feOO 1:k

GfìeyOO 4?k 24"

TihaebOO :7k 41"

HnhgfìeyOO ?k 66"

4

Tnrzdb3F`bzidfhDn``rhi|yTrzwby:==1=9(Bxderlbtaznr}vrfz|bzt(

Tfe| Efkb Di|y Onrtboneltjy \bhrzb

OO\y}b Zbh|

Gfìey 4


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]bn}eb \rzhiha 72 Bfdo Ybfz[Giarzbt ih ===tP


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7.61.:=

Dofhab ih OOt :=6=-:=:=

Enq

Oiao

Tnrzdb3 Cnoh@dIeqfih%REI%:=6=

Jry-Tbee Zf|bt jy Fab Dnonz|FOT

9(=

6=(=


46/155

7.61.:=

6(:=

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7.61.:=

Hbq Onrtiha @fzkb| Zbfei|ibt

Trj-}zi`b `nz|afabt fzb oit|nzy(

nqh-}fy`bh t q bdn`b hnz`f Jr| nhey 6.4zl ng OOt }fil :="+ lnqh

Gfhhib @fb ' Gzbllib @fd fzb oit|nzy(

@bfhiha T`feebz on`bt `fyjb `nzb }bn}eb }bz rhi|

T`feebz en|t `nzb f||fdobl rhi|t

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:=" `ihi`r` lnqh }fy`bh|

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dzbli| oit|nzy ih }ft| : ybfzt qiee hn|vrfeigy gnz f VZ@(


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Bggbd| ng Oiaobz Lnqh ]fy`bh|>

]bzdbh|ng

}rzdoftb

}zidb

]bzdbh| Dr`ref|iwb

Hnlnqh}fy`bh| 6


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7.61.:=

Fh Fddbttnzy Lqbeeiha Rhi| it f tbdnhlfzyonrtiha rhi| nh |ob tf`b }zn}bz|y ft f `fih

Qof| it fh FLR>

zbti bhdb(

FLRt fzb fetn dfeebl fddbttnzy f}fz|`bh|t%

ih-efq f}fz|`bh|t% gf`iey f}fz|`bh|t% nztbdnhlfzy rhi|t% azfhhy gef|t% b|d(

FLRt fzb hn| lr}ebxbt3 FLR it trjtilifzy |n |ob `fih zbtilbhdb

Nqhbz ng FLR rtrfeey eiwbt nh |ob }zn}bz|y FLRt fzb tbeg-dnh|fihbl

Qoy dnhtilbz fh FLR N}|inh> Tozihkiha onrtbonel tisb

Zitiha zbfe bt|f|b dnt|t

Faiha }n}ref|inh

Hbiaojnzonnl t|fjiei|y

Dofzfd|bz ng hbiaojnzonnlt Bhwiznh`bh|fe jbhbgi|t


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]rjeid FLR Jbhbgi|t

Ihdzbftbt |fx zbwbhrbt @ihiìsbt trjtilibt gnz fggnzlfjeb

rhi|t

@fxiìsbt rtb ng bxit|ihaihgzft|zrd|rzb fhl tbzwidbt

Kbb}t aznqiha.faiha gfìeibt |nab|obz

]zbtbzwbt bxit|iha onrtiha.oit|nzid

t|zrd|rzbt ]zn`n|bt tfgbz fhl t|fjeb hbiaojnzonnlt

]ziwf|b FLR Jbhbgi|t

On`bnqhbzt zbh|fe ihdn`b

Endfe jrtihbttbt b`}enybb onrtiha

Zbfe bt|f|b giz`t zbh|fe t|ndk

Zbtilbh|ife dnh|zfd|nzt zb`nlbeiha

Ebhliha iht|i|r|inht on`b

i`}znwb`bh| enfht


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Qon |y}idfeey jrielt FLRt>

@illeb-fabl *b`}|y hbt|bzt*

Ynrhabz tihaebt.dnr}ebt

Tih eb qnzkih fzbh|t

]bn}eb qon |zfwbe ng|bh

-

Onq fhl qobzb fzb FLRt jrie|>

Flli|inht |n on`bt Dnhwbztinh ng afzfabt.tbdnhlfzy

t|zrd|rzbt

Lbtiahbl ih|n hbq dnht|zrd|inh


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:6

Tr``fzy ng FLR Jbhbgi|t Dzbf|bt hbq onrtiha rtiha bxit|iha

Zblrdbt bhbzay dnhtr`}|inh Abhbzf|bt dn``rhi|y bdnhn`id

lbwben}`bh|

]zbtbzwbt onrtiha t|ndk fhl

hbiaojnzonnl t|fjiei|y


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7.61.:=

RT FLR Onrtbonel @fzkb|

Fee 72+

Onrtboneltqi|o OOt OOt

Zbef|iwbtn|obz|ofht}nrtb.doielzbh :6" 67"

Hnhzbef|iwbt 6=" 2"

\n|fen|obzzbef|iwbtnzhnhzbef|iwbt 46" :6"

:4

Tnrzdb3F`bzidfhOnrtihaTrzwbygnz:==9(

Tfe| Efkb Di|y FLRLb`fhl :=4=>

%

6==%=== Onrtbonelt

2=%=== Tihaeb ' Hnhgf`iey OOt

4=%=== Lb`fhl gnz FLR-eikb n}|inht

- ( (,6==@ tfwbl gzn` hbq ihgzft|zrd|rzb

:


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:2

\NLt fhl Bhbzay Dnhtr`}|inh

22"

Tnrzdb3Flf}|blgzn`Cnhf|ofhZntbDn`}fhibt/:=66)gnzB]F(

7="


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]EH]D@:=6=-==76: Fddbttnzy Lqbeeiha Rhi|t :6 ]rjeitobl Lf|b3 Crhb 67% :=66

F||fdo`bh| O]rjeid Ih}r| Doznhnenay fhl Hn|bt


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]rjeid Ih}r| Doznhnenay

Trt|fihfjeb Di|y Dnlb Ihi|if|iwbFddbttnzy Lqbeeiha Rhi|t

Lbdb`jbz :==9 Abhbzfe Ihgnz`f|inh fjnr| Fddbttnzy Lqbeeiha Rhi|t /FLRt) ih Rzjfhrt|ob

`nh|oey ]efhhiha Liwitinh b-hbqteb||bz

Lbdb`jbz :==9 Gfd| tobb| fhl lzfg| nzlihfhdb }nt|bl |n ]efhhiha Liwitinh qbjti|b

Lbdb`jbz 61% :==9 N}bh Onrtb3 fee }bn}eb nh Eit|Tbzwb hn|igibl ng n}bh onrtb% ihderliha feedn``rhi|y dnrhdie dofizt

Crey 6% :=6= Tbdnhl fz|ideb fjnr| FLRt ih Rzjfhrt|ob `nh|oey ]efhhiha Liwitinh b-

hbqteb||bz

Crey 6


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FLR Gndrt Aznr}

Crey 6


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tb|jfdk ng f afzfab wbztrt f tb|jfdk gnz f zbtilbh|ife tb|jfdk it dnhgeid|iha( \ob tb|jfdk gnz |ob afzfab it

|nn `rdo /oft |n jb qi|oih 2 gbb| ng zbfz yfzl tb|jfdk)(

Dobzi Dnggby- Tonrel qb nhey zbvrizb f lr}ebx |n ofwb f ìhi`r` ng 7%=== tvrfzb gbb| eikb qb rtbl |n

ofwb% zf|obz |ofh |ob ìhi`r` en| tisb ng ?%=== tvrfzb gbb| |of| qft }r| ih }efdb qi|o |ob 6992 Snhiha

Zbqzi|b ]zncbd|>

]oie Dfzetnh- TO@] }neidy tr}}nz|t FLRt( \ob zbvrizb`bh| gnz nqhbz nddr}fhdy it i`}nz|fh|( @fhy

FLRt fezbfly bxit|(

Znabz Jnzabhido|- \ob nqhbz nddr}fhdy zbaref|inh it annl |n obe} `fhfab }znjeb`t jr| qof| ig nqhbz

`nwbt( ]fzkiha it hn| fh ittrb( Ln hn| }fwb `nzb ng |ob en|( Crt| feenq |ob` |n }fzk nh t|zbb|( Jbhbgi| ng

FLRt it |of| i| }znwilbt nzb bybt ih |ob hbiaojnzonnl( ]ziwfdy ih jfdkyfzl `fy jb fh ittrb( Zbvrizb

|ob` |n jb jrie| tn |oby lnh| nwbzennk |ob hbiaojnzt( /Zbaref|b qobzb qihlnqt dfh jb% b|d()

@idofbe @idofggby- ]fzkiha it fh ittrb ih Fwbhrbt fhl Trafz Onrtb( Tonrel feenq }fzkiha ih gznh| ng

|ob gznh| qfee ng |ob onrtb( Drzzbh| zbaref|inht zbvrizb |ob }fzkiha |n jb endf|bl jboihl |ob gznh| qfee ng

|ob onrtb(

Fhfeittf T|baabee Onedn`jb( I| it annl |n ofwb `nzb onrtiha n}|inht hbfz |ob dneebab( Ynrha}zngbttinhfet /t|fgg% gfdre|y ng dneebab% b|d) eikb |n eiwb hbfz |ob dneebab( Fh FLR qnrel ihiìsb |ob

}zidb ng onrtiha fhl feenq |ob` |n zblrdb |obiz dn``r|b |i`bt( Nqhbz nddr}ibl-\ob zbaref|inh fy

hn| qnzk qbee( Annl efhlenzlt dfh zbtre| ih |ob tf`b jbhbgi| |of| fh nqhbz nddr}ibl zbh|fe qnrel ofwb

/tnewiha }znjeb`t vridkey)(

Fzef Grhk- \ob |iìha ng |ob }zn}ntfe it ihf}}zn}zif|b( \obzb drzzbh|ey fzb f en| ng wfdfh| f}fz| bh|t(

Lnh| jbeibwb |of| bwbzynhb ih fh Z-6 snhb tonrel jb fjeb |n ofwb fh FLR( Ig ynr qfh| |n ofwb |qn

gfìey% crt| zbsnhb |n Z-: fhl dfee |ob` lr}ebxbt( Feenqiha f |qn t|nzy afzfab qi|o FLR gnz f tihaeb-

t|nzy on`b it dnhgeid|iha( Lnh| feenq Dnhli|inhfe On`b Nddr}f|inht qobzb tn`bnhb dfh dn`b |n |ob

on`b( \of| qnrel nhey ihdzbftb |ob lit|rzjfhdb ih |ob hbiaojnzonnl( Lnh| feenq tn`bnhb |n dnhwbz|

`nzb |ofh 72= tvrfzb gbb| |n fh FLR( Ynr hbbl |n t}bdigy f ihi`r` tisb( Ynr hbbl |n jb wbzy t}bdigid

jbdfrtb bhgnzdb`bh| lnbth| qnzk( Jbiha fjeb |n fllzbtt }znjeb`t qiee jb wbzy liggidre|(

Anzlnh T|nzzt- \obzb fzb `fhy jbhbgi|t |n FLRt3 |oby ihdzbftb onrtiha n}|inht% kbb} }bn}eb ih |ob

hbiaojnzonnl% feenqt belbzey |n t|fy ih |ob hbiaojnzonnl( Feenq ynrhabz `fzzibl kilt |n ab| obe} qobh

|oby fzb crt| t|fz|iha nr| /obe} gzn` }fzbh|t); t|zbha|obht gf ieibt fhl ihdzbftbt nqhbz nddr}fhdy( Onq

ln ynr `fih|fih fh FLR ig |ob nqhbz tbeet |ob }zn}bz|y /qof| of}}bht |n |ob |bhfh|> Ihdzbftbt

}bz`fhbh| onrtiha ih |ob Di|y( Feenq FLRt |n jb jrie| qi|oih nhb gnn| ng zbfz yfzlt( \ob tisb tonrel jb

abfzbl |n |ob tisb ng |ob en|( Tn`b en|t fzb zbfeey lbb}( Feenqiha f rtb eikb |oit qnrel obe} debfh r} zbfz

yfzlt |of| hnq fzb tn lbb}% |oby crt| fzb rhkb`}|(

]fre Tì|o- Fazbbt qi|o |ob zbvrizb`bh| gnz nqhbz nddr}fhdy( Efhlenzlt qfh| |n jb annl hbiaojnzt(

Nhb jblznn` r1hi|t fzb ofzl |n zbh|( @fy ofwb f tf|rzf|bl `fzkb| ng nhb jblznn` rhi|t( Ig |oby ofwb

`nzb |ofh nhb jblznn % ynr tonrel zbvrizb `nzb }fzkiha( FLRt tonrel jb eidbhtbl(

Crt|ih Feebh- \ob zbvrizb`bh| gnz nqhbz nddr}fhdy qiee jb liggidre| jbdfrtb |ob nqhbz `fy hbbl |n tbee

|ob }zn}bz|y( Bhdnrzfab |ob` |n jb endf|bl hbfz |zfhti| . t|zbb|dfz( Annl efhlenzl }znazf` it f annl ilbf(I| `fy obe} qi|o bhgnzdb`bh|(

Gzfhditdf Jefhd( Qb tr}}nz| FLRt ft fh fggnzlfjeb onrtiha |y}b ih tihaeb gf iey hbiaojnzonnlt( R|fo

Onrtiha Dnz}nzf|inh gndrtbt `nzb nh `re|i-gfìey( FLRt tonrel jb eidbhtbl |n }zn|bd| |bhfh|t(

]bzof}t ynr dnrel ofwb f }ien| }znazf` zbef|iha |n }fzkiha( Ig |oby fzb endf|bl hbfz \ZF_ |oby fzbh|

zbvrizbl |n ofwb }fzkiha( Ig hn| endf|bl hbfz \ZF_% |oby qnrel hbbl |n `b| f }fzkiha zbvrizb`bh|(


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Tnhyf @fz|ihbs( DF]t gndrt it nh enq ihdn`b }n}ref|inh( \oby tr}}nz| nzb donidbt gnz fggnzlfjeb

onrtiha( \oby tr}}nz| zbvriziha f eidbhtb gnz |ob rhi|t( \oby qfh| |n bhtrzb |oby fzb iht}bd|bl( \oby

tr}}nz| feenqiha |ob nqhbz |n eiwb ih |ob FLR qi|o |ob zbh|fe rhi| jbiha |ob }zi fzy rhi|( \oby jbeibwb

|obzb hbblt |n jb tn`b |y}b ng |bhfh| }zn|bd|inh( Feenq |ob ebftb |n |zfhtgbz qi|o |ob }zn}bz|y ig i| it tnel(

Qof| of}}bht ig |ob }zn}bz|y anbt ih |n gnzbdentrzb>

Jnj Erhl- Efzab en|t }zbtbh| f annl n}}nz|rhi|y gnz FLRt( @rt| fllzbtt ittrbt qi|o onq |ob FLR it}efdbl nh |ob en| |n fllzbtt }ziwfdy% bazbtt qihlnqt b|d( @rt| bhtrzb |oby `bb| tn`b |y}b ng obfe|o%tfgb|y dnlb(

Dihly Dzn`bz- FLRt tonrel jb feenqbl qobzb |oby fzb tbzwbl jy gixbl `ftt |zfhti|( Zbvriziha f eidbhtbgnz tihaeb gfìey fhl |qn gf iey lqbeeihat it jbiha zbwibqbl( \ob Di|y it jfl f| bhgnzdb bh|( Feenq

`nzb rhi|t qobh |oby fzb snhbl `re|i-gfìey jr| fzb nh t`fee en|t |of| qnrelh| n|obzqitb feenq gnz fh

flli|inhfe rhi|( Onq lnbt |oit zbef|b |n |ob Rhi| ebafeisf|inh }zndbtt> Onq lnbt i| zbef|b |n dn`}f|ijeb

ihgiee zbaref|inht> Onq ln ynr bhgnzdb nh FLRt ig |ob dzi|bzif it hn| b|> Hbbl |n feenq |obtb

ihdzb`bh|feey( Dzbf|b f }ien| }znazf` |n tbb onq i| qnzkt( \zy i| ih fzbft qobzb |ob `ft|bz }efh tr}}nz|ti|% hbfz |zfhti|% fhl oit|nzid lit|zid|t /ft fh ihdbh|iwb)( FLRt qiee dn`}b|b qi|o efhlenzlt qon fzb |zyiha

|n zbh| t`fee rhi|t ih re|i-gfìey jrielihat(

]oie Dfzznee- Fee zbh|fe rhi|t% ihderliha FLRt tonrel jb eidbhtbl( \oby tonrel fee `bb| ìhi`r`

t|fhlfzlt gnz obfe|o fhl tfgb|y( Fee FLRt tonrel jb fddbttijeb( Feenq |ob }bztnh qon lbwben}t |obtb |n

lb|bzìhb onq jia |oby tonrel jb( Tn`b efzabz rhi|t ynr dfh| zbh|( F |qn jblznn`% |qn jf|o rhi| it

rtrfeey 66== tvrfzb gnn| ìhi`r`( Hbbl |n nwbzdn`b ittrbt . }znjeb`t qi|o zbh|fe onrtbt(


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FddbttnzyLqbeeihaRhi|t3@fynzt@nh|oey@bb|ihaqi|oDn``rhi|yDnrhdieDofiztTb}|b`jbz6%:=6=Dn``bh|t3

CrliTonz| TrafzOnrtbEfhlRtbDofiz Onqfzbynraniha|nfllzbttbhgnzdb`bh|ngieebaferhi|t( I|it

fezbflyfhittrbfhl|obDi|ytbhgnzdb`bh|ithn|flbvrf|b(

Dozit|ifhOfzzitnh Lnqh|nqhDofiz \obzbvrizb`bh||nofwbnggt|zbb|}fzkihaithn|tvrfzbqi|o|ob

anfetng|ob|zfht}nz|f|inh|nbhdnrzfabqfekihafhln|obzhnh}ziwf|bfr|n`njiebgnz`tngdizdref|inh(

Dozit|ifhOfzzitnhLnqh|nqhDofiz Ftf}oftbIIgnzFLRt%ynrtonrelfeenq|ob`ftDnhlnttni|

fllzbttbtLnqh|nqhOnrtiha( Tn`b|i`btynr`fyjry|qnrhi|t%dn`jihb|ob`fhl|obhtb}fzf|b

|ob`fafih|nfeenqgnzft`feebzrhi|/`n|obzihefqb|d()

]oieDfzetnh TrafzOnrtbDofiz/I`hn|trzbigobtfil|obzbaref|inhtgnz}fzkihafzbnk%nzigi|itnkig

}bn}eb}fzknh|obt|zbb|(

Ci`Cbhkih FwbhrbtDofiz ih|obTZ6F%|obzbitfzbt|zid|inhnhobiao|gnzfddbttnzyt|zrd|rzbt( \ob

zbftnhgnz|oitit|of|ynrlnh|ofwbfziao||nofwbynrzfddbttnzyt|zrd|rzbi`}fd|ynrzhbiaojnzgzn`

f}ziwfdyittrb( \obzbgnzb%ynrqnrelh|jbfjeb|nofwbfrhi|nwbzfafzfab( Onqlnynrfllzbtt|of|>

JieeLfwitJfee}fzkDofiz \obzbtonreljblbtiaharilbeihbtgnzFddbttnzyLqbeeihaRhi|t( \obDi|yhbblt

|n`nwb`nzb|nqfzltlbtiaharilbeihbt(

Dozit|ifhOfzzitnh

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Dofiz;

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hbblt

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arilbeihbt

fhl

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ih

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Bt|obzOrh|bz;Bft|Dbh|zfeDofiz \obzbfzbfen|ngieebaferhi|tihBft|Dbh|zfe( \obzbhbblt|njb

dzi|bzifgnz}fzkiha( \obzbitfen|ng|zfhti|ih|obfzbfjr|}bn}eblnh|rtbi|( \obyhnqfllzbtt|ob

efdkng}fzkihaih|obfzbfqi|o

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|obt|zbb|gnz`nzb|ofh1:onrztf|f|i`b%qof|lnynrlnqi|oynrzdfzqobhynrannhwfdf|inh>

Onqlnt`feebzen|tlbfeqi|o|oit> \obzbfzb`fhyen|tihBft|Dbh|zfe|of|ofwbjfdkfeebyt( Ilbfeey%

ynrqnrel}r||obFLRjfdk|obzbjr|ig|oben|it|nnt`fee%dfhynrt|ieelni|>

Onqlnbt|oitzbef|b|nRhi|Ebafeisf|inh>


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IH\BZNGGIDB @B@NZFHLR@

Nggidb ng |ob @fynz

\N3 @fynz Zfe}o Jbdkbz

GZN@3 @idofbe T|n||% FLF Dnnzlihf|nz% nh jbofeg ng \ob Fddbttijiei|yTbzwidbt Flwitnzy Dnrhdie /FTFD)

TRJCBD\3 Zbdn``bhlf|inh nh Fddbttnzy Lqbeeiha Rhi|t /FLRt) ih |obTrt|fihfjiei|y Ihi|if|iwb

LF\B3 Gbjzrfzy ::% :=66

DD3 Lfwil Bwbzi||; Kfzbh Ofeb; Dobzi Dnggby; @idofbe @feny

JFDKAZNRHL

Nh Cfhrfzy :2% :=66% |ob Fddbttijiei|y Tbzwidbt Flwitnzy Dnrhdie /FTFD)% fhflwitnzy dnrhdie |n |ob `fynz nh litfjiei|y fhl fddbttijiei|y ittrbt ih Tfe| Efkb Di|yanwbzh`bh|% zbdn``bhlbl |ob gneenqiha |n @fynz Jbdkbz3

FTFD zbdn``bhlt |of| Di|y t|fgg fhl lbditinh-`fkbzt ihwnewbl ih|ob trt|fihfjiei|y ihi|if|iwb bwferf|b wfzinrt fe|bzhf|iwbt qi|o

dnhtilbzf|inh gnz onq }bn}eb qi|o wfzinrt |y}bt ng litfjiei|ibt/ihderliha jr| hn| ei`i|bl |n }oytidfe% dnahi|iwb% fhl tbhtnzylitfjiei|ibt) qiee jb fjeb |n }fz|idi}f|b ih nz jbhbgi| gzn` |ob tner|inhti`}eb`bh|bl( Qb zbdn``bhl ihdnz}nzf|iha |n |ob bx|bh| }nttijeb}zihdi}ebt ng rhiwbztfe lbtiah fhl witi|fjiei|y |n |ob jbhbgi| ng hn| nhey|ob litfjiei|y dn``rhi|y jr| |n }bn}eb ng fee |y}bt ng fjiei|y zfhaihagzn` ihgfh|t ziliha ih t|zneebzt |n tbhinz di|isbht ih|bzbt|bl ih faiha ih}efdb( FTFD bhdnrzfabt fhl t|znhaey zbdn``bhlt |ob fttrzfhdb |of|

FLF dn`}eifhdb jb `b| fhl bwbh bxdbblbl ih fllzbttiha feef}}eidfjeb gndrt fzbft ng |ob trt|fihfjiei|y ihi|if|iwb( FTFD qiee zbwibq|ob trt|fihfjiei|y ihi|if|iwb ih azbf|bz lb|fie |n lb|bz`ihb ig |obzb fzb fhy

n}}nz|rhi|ibt gnz dnht|zrd|iwb gbbljfdk fhl t}bdigid traabt|inht(


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:

ZBDN@@BHLF\INH

Nh Gbjzrfzy ::% :=66% FTFD wn|bl fhl rhfhi`nrtey f}}znwbl |ob gneenqiha t}bdigidzbdn``bhlf|inh |n @fynz Zfe}o Jbdkbz fhl n|obzt ihwnewbl ih |ob trt|fihfjiei|y

ihi|if|iwb3

Onrtiha |of| it fddbttijeb tonrel jb fh i`}nz|fh| dnhtilbzf|inh ih |ob bggnz| |n}zn`n|b f liwbztb fhl trt|fihfjeb onrtiha t|ndk ih Tfe| Efkb Di|y( Ih nzlbz |nihdzbftb |ob fwfiefjiei|y ng fddbttijeb onrtiha ih Tfe| Efkb Di|y% FTFD zbdn``bhltihdnz}nzf|iha f hbq dnhdb}| dfeebl Fddbttijeb FLRt ih|n |ob Fddbttnzy LqbeeihaRhi|t nzlihfhdb ih |ob gneenqiha qfyt3

6( Fll |ob gneenqiha tisb bxdb}|inh gnz Fddbttijeb FLRt3 Gnz FLRt |of|fzb witi|fjeb /|of| ofwb f hn-t|b} bh|zy% flbvrf|b lnnzqfyt% fhl f rtfjebjf|oznn`) fhl |of| ofwb fddbttijeb eiwiha vrfz|bzt% fh bxdb}|inh qnrel jb

azfh|bl nh |ob `fxi`r` tisb ng |ob FLR( Gnz bxf`}eb% fh flli|inhfe 62=tvg| dnrel jb fllbl nh |n} ng |ob 2=" nz 72= tvg| `fxi`r` tisb zreb%zbtre|iha ih f `fxi`r` tisb ng 2=" }ert 62= tvg| nz ?== tvg|% qoidobwbz itebtt( /\ob flli|inhfe f`nrh| ng 62= tvg| tbb`t zbftnhfjeb |n FTFD jr| |obf`nrh| it hban|ifjeb()

f( Witi|fjiei|y Gbf|rzbt3i( Hn-T|b} Bh|zy3 \ob lqbeeiha rhi| dfh jb fddbttbl qi|onr|

ofwiha |n t|b} r} nz lnqh(

ii( Flbvrf|b Lnnzqfyt3 4: debfz n}bhiha% enq |ozbtonel ng t|b} nz zf`}

iii( Rtfjeb Jf|oznn`3 4= x


63/155


64/155

]EH]D@:=6=-==76: Fddbttnzy Lqbeeiha Rhi|t :: ]rjeitobl Lf|b3 Crhb 67% :=66

F||fdo`bh| I]rjeid Dn``bh|t


65/155

Fddbttnzy Lqbeeiha Rhi|t /FLR)

Qof| ln ynr |oihk fjnr| |ob }zn}ntbl nzlihfhdb feenqiha FddbttnzyLqbeeiha Rhi|t>

]rjeid dn``bh|t ft ng Crhb 64% :=66%


66/155



Ih|znlrd|inh

Ft }fz| ng |ob Trt|fihfjiei|y Dnlb F`bhl`bh| ]zncbd|% |ob ]efhhiha Liwitinh it drzzbh|ey qnzkiha qi|oDefzinh Fttndif|bt |n }zn}ntb zbaref|inht qoido qnrel feenq fddbttnzy lqbeeiha rhi|t ih Tfe| Efkb

Di|y( \ob ]efhhiha Liwitinh it drzzbh|ey qnzkiha |n nj|fih }rjeid gbbljfdk nh |ob }zn}ntblzbaref|inht }zinz |n tdoblreiha f }rjeid obfziha qi|o |ob ]efhhiha Dn``ittinh( \ob }zn}ntblzbaref|inht qnrel jb f |bx| f`bhl`bh| |n |ob Di|yt Snhiha Nzlihfhdb(

]fab 6 ng 62]rjeid dn``bh|t ft ng Crhb 64% :=66%


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Fee ]fz|idi}fh|t Fznrhl Tfe| Efkb Di|y

\n|fe3 =

Ft qi|o fhy }rjeid dn``bh| }zndbtt% }fz|idi}f|inh ih N}bh Di|y Ofee it wnerh|fzy( \ob t|f|b`bh|t ih |oit zbdnzl fzb hn|hbdbttfziey zb}zbtbh|f|iwb ng |ob qoneb }n}ref|inh% hnz ln |oby zbgebd| |ob n}ihinht ng fhy anwbzh`bh| fabhdy nz bebd|blnggidifet(

Ft ng Crhb 64% :=66%


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Tbì-fhnhy`nrt ihtilb Tfe| Efkb Di|y @fy ?% :=66% 43:< ]@

I n}}ntb |ob FLR }zn}ntfe( Bwbzy hbiaojnz I ofwb t}nkbh |n |oihkt i| it f jfl ihi|if|iwb( \obzb `fy jb}efdbt ih |nqh qobzb i| it rtbgre fhl jbhbgidife jr| dbz|fihey hn| ih |ob t`feebz Z-6 fzbft( \ob di|y qieehn| bhgnzdb |ob nqhbz nddr}fhdy zbvrizb`bh| fg|bz ihi|ife f}}znwfe fhy `nzb |ofh |oby tbbk nr| |ob|onrtfhlt ng bxit|iha ieebafe f}}fz|`bh|t( Grz|obz |ob di|y qiee hn| jb tbhti|iwb |n |ob }fzkihadnhabt|inh fhl gihl |ob qiee |n lbhy }bzì|t |n nqhbzt qon lnh!| ofwb rhjendkbl nggt|zbb| }fzkihat}fdb( \oit qiee crt| eb| bwbzynhb gbbe |of| |oby ofwb |ob ziao| |n dnhwbz| |obiz Z-6 ih|n fh Z-:bwbzyqobzb ih |ob di|y( Tihdb |ob @fynz qnh!|% |ob Di|y Dnrhdie tonrel kiee |oit jfl ilbf(

Tbì-fhnhy`nrt ihtilb Tfe| Efkb Di|y Gbjzrfzy :


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Fddbttnzy Lqbeeiha Rhi|t% nz FLRt% jb feenqbl |n jb jrie| nh bxit|iha tihaeb gfìey en|t( \oit }zn}ntfedn`}eb|bey rhlbzìhbt |ob tihaeb gfìey }oientn}oy |of| qft trddbttgreey }zn`n|bl jy @fynz Qietnhfhl |fkbt rt jfdk |n qof| }zbwinrtey }efarbl nrz dn``rhi|y(

Ih tonz|% @fynz Jbdkbz!t }zn}ntbl dofhab |n |ob snhiha efqt |of| ofwb feenqbl nrz hbiaojnzonnl |n}znt}bz% qiee% ih bggbd|% }zn`n|b |ob trjliwitinh ng onrtbt jfdk |n |ob tf`b dobf} zbh|fe }zn}bz|ibt|of| |ozbf|bhbl nrz dn``rhi|y ih |ob }ft|( \ob @fynzt nggidb f||b`}|t |n `ftk |ob `nhr`bh|fei`}fd| |of| |oit dofhab qiee ofwb nh nrz hbiaojnzonnlt jy }zn`n|iha feebabl jbhbgi|t |of| f wbzyt`fee }nz|inh ng nrz dn``rhi|y `fy afih( \ob @fynzt }efh ihdzbftbt }n}ref|inh lbhti|y% jr| lnbt hn|}znwilb gnz ihdzbftbl ihgzft|zrd|rzb nz tbzwidbt; ft ig |obtb flli|inhfe }bn}eb qiee jb qi|onr| hbbl nzqiee hn| }r| flli|inhfe t|zfih nh bxit|iha tbzwidbt fhl litìttbt |ob zbfei|y |of| |oby qiee ofwb dfzt |n}fzk fhl |zfto |n b`}|y( \ob @fynzt }efh }zn}ntbt wbzy wfarb dnhdb}|t% jfdkt |ob` r} qi|o ei||ebtrjt|fhdb% yb| qfh|t |n i`}eb`bh| |oit }efh gft|bz fhl `nzb faazbttiwbey |ofh fhy n|obz di|y |of| oftfeenqbl FLRt(

\ob FLR }zn}ntfe it hn| fjnr| bxit|iha zbh|fet% i| it fjnr| |ob bhdnrzfab`bh| ng lbwben}iha hbq%flli|inhfe zbh|fet( I ofwb zbtbfzdobl n|obz di|ibt FLRt fhl |ob Tfe| Efkb Di|y }efh it wfarb fhllnbth| |fkb hbiaojnzonnl i`}fd| ih|n dnhtilbzf|inh(

\obtb fzb `y t}bdigid traabt|inht3

Ittrbt hn| fllzbttbl ih |oit }zn}ntfe36(@ihi`r` en| tisb 2===tv g|:(Zbvrizb gnz`fe zbwibq gnz lbtiah dn`}f|ijiei|y qi|o flcfdbh| }zn}bz|ibt fhl i`}fd| ng }ziwfdy% eiao|%fiz% tnefz fddbtt nz flcfdbh| }zn}bz|y }fzkiha4(N}bh t}fdb fhl efhltdf}iha zbvrizb`bh|t /qnrel ynr eikb f db`bh| dnwbzbl en|>) Onq gfz lnbt |oit zbfdo |n bx|bhlbl gfìey>Qof| lbgihbt nqhbz nddr}ibl> 7 `nh|ot nddr}fhdy> f ybfz> \oit tonrel zbvrizb f ybfzeydbz|igidf|inh(Ig |ob nqhbz lnbt hn| nddr}y bi|obz rhi|% |ob FLR tonrel jb lbdefzbl3f( hnh-ofji|fjeb t}fdb% fhlj( fy hn| jb rtbl ft f lqbeeiha %fhld( `fy hn| jb rtbl ft f zbh|bl t}fdb

]fab < ng 62


Fddbttnzy Lqbeeiha Rhi|t /FLR)Qof| ln ynr |oihk fjnr| |ob }zn}ntbl nzlihfhdb feenqiha Fddbttnzy Lqbeeiha Rhi|t>



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L(:(d( Rhlbzeyiha Snhiha f}}eibt( ig |obzb it f dnhgeid|(((|ob }znwitinht ng |oit tbd|inh tofee |fkb}zbdblbhdb( \obzb tonrel jb flli|inhfe zbt|zid|inht ih }efdb ih flli|inh |n |ob bxit|iha tb|jfdkt(Drzzbh|ey3 @fx obiao| /}i|dobl) :? fhl gef| /:=) /:6F(:


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Tbì-fhnhy`nrt ihtilb Tfe| Efkb Di|y Cfhrfzy :1% :=66% 6:321 ]@

I LN HN\ Tr}}nz| FLR!t( I ln hn| tr}}nz| fhl ihdzbftbl hr`jbz ng zbh|fe f}fz|`bh|t ih `yhbiaojnzonnl( I f` n}}ntbl |n tn`bnhb ebafeey jrieliha fh nwbzennkiha f}fz|`bh| ih|n `y jfdkyfzl(

Tbì-fhnhy`nrt ihtilb Tfe| Efkb Di|y Cfhrfzy 6* @y traabt|inht fzb hbx| |n |zfhti|% jrtihbtt lit|zid|t%b`}eny`bh| dbh|bzt% blrdf|inhfe iht|i|r|inht% fhl n|obz lzfqt qobzb f ìx ng onrtiha |y}bt `fkbttbhtb( Endf|iha tn`b f}}zn}zif|b t}n|t gnz f }ien| }znazf` qnrel jb f azbf| f}}znfdo fhl bxf`}eb(

@fy I fetn bh|bz|fih tn`b n|obz f}}eidf|inht ng FLR!t gnz hbiaojnzonnlt ih hbbl( Hbiaojnzonnlt|of| qfh| |n ihdzbftb on`b nqhbztoi} ìao| jb |ob tf`b hbiaojnzonnlt |n i`}eb`bh| FLR!t ih nzlbz|n zbqfzl }bn}eb qon donntb |n jry fhl eiwb ih |ob fzbf( Dnr}ebl qi|o on`b nqhbztoi} ihdbh|iwbt|oit ìao| jb nhb qfy |n dzbf|b f liwbztb% dnobtiwb dn``rhi|y qoieb zbqfzliha on`b nqhbzt(

FLR!t fzb fh i`}nz|fh| }fz| ng onrtiha donidbt% fhl |ob ebafeisf|inh ng |oit ebai|i`f|b onrtiha n}|inhhbblt |n jb fllzbttbl( Ft nrz lb`nazf}oid dnh|ihrbt |n toig|% |ob lb`fhl gnz dbh|zfeey endf|bl%

f||fihfjeb onrtiha qiee dnh|ihrb |n jb zfitbl jy nrz faiha jnn`bzt% ynrha }zngbttinhfet fhl gfìeibt(\oit gebxijeb n}|inh qiee obe} rt zbt}nhl |n lb`nazf}oid toig|t jbgnzb |oby jbdn`b fh ittrb(

Tn enha ft lbtiah fhl vrfei|y t|fhlfzlt gnz FLR!t zb`fih oiao% I jbeibwb |oby dfh jb ih|bazf|bl ih|nnrz bxit|iha f`bhi|ibt% dn``rhi|y gfjzid% fhl }rjeid ihgzft|zrd|rzb tyt|b`t |n ihdzbftb nrz zbtieibhdy%trt|fihfjiei|y fhl rhi|y(

Tbì-fhnhy`nrt ihtilb Tfe| Efkb Di|y Cfhrfzy 6=% :=66% 43:4 ]@

I eiwb ih |ob Gzb`nh| Obiao|t hbiaojnzonnl ng Tfe| Efkb Di|y( Ofwiha jbbh zfitbl ih f Dfeignzhif

]fab 7 ng 62





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dn``rhi|y qi|o ebafe fhl ieebafe *`n|obz-ih-efqt* flcfdbh| fhl ihderlbl ih bxit|iha on`bt I `rt|zbait|bz `y n}ihinh nh |oit }zn}ntfe ft I jbeibwb I ofwb flbvrf|b bx}bzibhdb qi|o |ob dnhtbvrbhdbt(Feenqiha dfzwb-nr| zbh|fe rhi|t ih bxit|iha onrtbt fhl }bzì||iha |ob dnht|zrd|inh ng *t|fhl-fenhb*f}fz|`bh|-|y}b rhi|t nh lbwben}bl en|t ti`}ey ihdzbftbt }n}ref|inh lbhti|y fhl gfdiei|f|bt f `nzb|zfhtibh| dofzfd|bz ih f zbtilbh|ife hbiaojnzonnl( ]fzkiha it feqfyt f }znjeb`% ft it hnitb% t|zbb|fd|iwi|y% fhl dnhgeid| jb|qbbh hbiaojnzt(

Flli|inhfe afzjfab dneebd|inh it zbvrizbl% ft it flli|inhfe r|iei|ibt `fih|bhfhdb% flliha f jrzlbh |n |oblbeiwbzy ng di|y tbzwidbt( Flli|inhfe }bn}eb lzfq flli|inhfe tbzwidbt( \ob gzbvrbhdy ng lbeiwbzywboidebt ih |ob hbiaojnzonnl zitbt% ft lnbt |ob |zfggid abhbzf|bl jy afzlbhbzt% onrtbkbb}bzt% jfjyti||bzt% fhl witi|iha `blidfe% `bdofhidfe `fih|bhfhdb fhl zb}fiz }bn}eb% fhl f `re|i|rlb ng *tng|*tbzwidbt(Ih tonz|% |ob dofzfd|bz ng |ob hbiaojnzonnl zflidfeey dofhabt nwbz |i`b fhl |ob enha-|bz` zbtilbh|tgihl |of| |oby hnq eiwb ih f hbiaojnzonnl |oby qnrel hbwbz ofwb dontbh ofl |ob *`n|obz-ih-efqt* hn|jbbh }bzì||bl ih |ob gizt| }efdb( \oit ebflt |n fh b`ji||bzbl% ont|ieb }n}ref|inh |of| jbdn`bt *tr}bz-tbhti|iwb* |n fhy dofhabt ih |ob hbiaojnzonnl% bwbh }nti|iwb nhbt |of| jbhbgi| bwbzynhb(

Ebafe *`n|obz-ih-efqt* fzb hn| f qih-qih ti|rf|inh( I ofwb eiwbl ih fh nelbz hbiaojnzonnl tfhlqidoblih jb|qbbh |qn }zn}bz|ibt qi|o ebafe `n|obz-ih-efqt fhl ofwb }bztnhfeey bx}bzibhdbl |obobe}ebtthbtt ng qf|doiha `y hbiaojnzonnl jbdn`b fh ihliggbzbh|% |zfhtibh|% *I lnh!| dfzb% i| lnbth!|bggbd| `b* kihl ng }efdb( \ob on`bnqhbzt nh bi|obz tilb qbzb abhbzfeey b`jfzzfttbl jy |obizihliggbzbh| |bhfh|t fhl fwnilbl n|obzt ih |ob hbiaojnzonnl% iahnziha nrz dn``nh dnhdbzht fhlzb`nwiha |ob`tbewbt gzn` dnn}bzf|iwb }zncbd|t fhl ittrbt( I on}b Tfe| Efkb Di|y lnbt hn| qfh| |oitkihl ng f|`nt}obzb |n |fkb onel ih i|t azbf|ey-wfzibl% abhbzfeey qbee-`fih|fihbl fhl }ebftfh| nelbzhbiaojnzonnlt(

Lbt}i|b fee |ob fe|zrit|id fzar`bh|t ih gfwnz ng FLRt% `y lizbd| bx}bzibhdb oft jbbh |of| trdo fhnzlihfhdb qnrel feenq |ontb qon qfh| |n tvrbbsb flli|inhfe zbwbhrb gzn` |obiz zbfe }zn}bz|y% f| |obbx}bhtb ng |ontb eiwiha fznrhl |ob`% |n ln tn qi|onr| zbt|zid|inh( ]bzì||iha tfhl-fenhb fhl dfzwb-nr|*`n|obz-ih-efqt* lbazflbt zbtilbh|ife }zn}bz|y wferbt fhl |ob vrfei|y ng eigb ih Z6 zbtilbh|ifehbiaojnzonnlt( Trdo fh nzlihfhdb qnrel dzbf|b fh rhlbzdeftt ng zbh|bzt ih f zbtilbh|ifehbiaojnzonnl qi|o ei||eb }nei|idfe }nqbz fhl eikbey hn ih|bzbt| ih |ob zf|inhfe lbwben}`bh| fhl vrfei|y ngeigb ih |ob hbiaojnzonnl ft f qoneb( I gbbe |of| }bzì||iha FLRt ih Z6 hbiaojnzonnlt it f wbzy jflilbf(

Fetn% }ebftb hn|b |of| @ikb Kb}ofz|% qon oft }nt|bl f dn``bh| obzb fhl oft }zn`n|bl FLRt ihn|obz litdrttinht nh |oit ti|b% lbtiaht t|fhl-fenhb FLRt fhl eiwbt ih Dnenzfln( Ob qnrel njwinrtey}bztnhfeey jbhbgi| gzn` |ob }fttfab ng |oit nzlihfhdb(

I t|znhaey zbdn``bhl |of| Tfe| Efkb Di|y zbcbd| |oit }zn}ntbl nzlihfhdb(

@idobe Qbbkeby ihtilb Tfe| Efkb Di|y Cfhrfzy 1% :=66% 6=326 ]@

I fazbb qi|o Trtfh Gitobz!t Hnwb`jbz 6 }nt|iha dn`}eb|bey(

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I f` fafiht| FLRt ih |ob fezbfly dznqlbl ' lbhtbey }n}ref|bl Fwbhrbt hbiaojnzonnl( Ft fhFwbhrbt on`bnqhbz% I f` tondkbl ' tfllbhbl |of| |oit }zn}ntfe it bwbh jbiha dnhtilbzbl( \ob}zn}ntfe qnrel rhln fee |ob annl |of| ybfzt ng qnzk |n ab| |ob Fwbhrbt jfdk |n f *tihaeb-gfèiylqbeeiha* f|`nt}obzb ofwb fdoibwbl( \obzb fzb wbzy gbq fbt|ob|idfeey }ebftiha hbiaojnzonnlt ih |obTfe| Efkb Wfeeby% fhl bhdnrzfaiha `nzb lbwben}`bh| ih fhl fznrhl `fhy *oit|nzid* fhl jbfr|igreFwbhrbt on`bt it fh rhqitb donidb(

I jbeibwb qb dfh qnzk |nqfzl *trt|fihfjiei|y* ih Tfe| Efkb% hn| jy `nzb lbwben}`bh| ' |ob jrieliha ngbwbz `nzb t|zrd|rzbt((((jr| zf|obz jy gieeiha |ob }eb|onzf ng b`}|y on`bt ' zbh|fet drzzbh|ey fwfiefjebbh `fttb(

F *trt|fihfjiei|y* |n}id |of| ab|t wbzy ei||eb f||bh|inh |obtb lfyt it |n bhdnrzfab |ob dzbf|inh ng t`feebzgfìeibt((((HN\ |ob dnh|ihriha fddn`nlf|inh ng orab nhbt& Gbqbz }bn}eb ih |ob gizt| }efdb bvrfet ebtt}neer|inh% ebtt lbwben}`bh|% ebtt dznqliha((((fhl f jb||bz vrfei|y ng eigb gnz bwbzynhb( Zbt}nhtijeb}n}ref|inh aznq|o dnrel feebwif|b `fhy ng nrz tndib|fe dofeebhabt% jn|o endfeey ' aenjfeey(

@f|| Cnohtnh ihtilb Tfe| Efkb Di|y Lbdb`jbz ?% :=6=% It |of| |ob liggbzbhdb jb|qbbh f lr}ebx fhl fh FLR> Ig f en| it jia bhnrao dnrel |obFLR hn| jb jiaabz> Qof| fjnr| hbq on`b dnht|zrd|inh> Dfh f hbq on`b jb jrie| qi|o fh FLR ihderlbl ih |ob }efht>Qobzb qnrel |ob lnnz jb> Qof| fjnr| bhl ng eigb tdbhfzint> \ob }efh tfyt |of| i| `rt| jb fh nqhbz nddr}ibl ti|rf|inh% jr|

qof| ig |ob on`b it tnel% |ob |bhfh|t fzb kidkbl nr| fhl |ob hbq nqhbzt hnq ofwb bx|zf eiwiha t}fdb|of| |oby ab| |fxbl bx|zf gnz> Fhl ig |ob |bhfh|t lbdilb |n `nwb nr|% lnbt |of| `bfh I hnq ofwb fhfjnwb-|ob-afzfab ton} qobzb I dnrelh| ofwb nhb jbgnzb> I fetn fazbb |of| qb tonrel feenq jrtihbttbt tiìefz fddn``nlf|inht ft FLRt eikb fh ih-on`b nggidb%jr| gnz tn`bnhb betb(

@ikb Kb}ofz| nr|tilb Tfe| Efkb Di|y Hnwb`jbz :?% :=6=% :329 ]@

FLRt rtb zbtnrzdbt wbzy bggidibh|ey dn`}fzbl |n `fhy n|obz |y}bt ng zbtilbh|ife lbwben}`bh|( \obyzbvrizb hn flli|inhfe efhl gnz lbwben}`bh| fhl rtb bxit|iha ihgzft|zrd|rzb /trdo ft qf|bz% tbqbz%znflt% fhl n|obz r|iei|ibt)% tn |oby ihdzbftb |ob tr}}ey ng fggnzlfjeb onrtiha qi|onr| }zn`n|iha t}zfqenz zbvriziha |ob dnht|zrd|inh ng bx}bhtiwb hbq ihgzft|zrd|rzb(

Defzinh% ynrz dnlb dnhtre|fh|% obe}bl rt obzb ih Lbhwbz ft qbee( Ft rhjbeibwfjey dnh|bh|inrt ft |obtrjcbd| qft gnz rt |ob f|`nt}obzb i``blif|bey dnnebl r}nh }fttfab ng |ob nzlihfhdb jy nrz di|ydnrhdie( \ob gbfz ng f zrto |n jriel it f zbl obzziha |of| oft hn| }znwbh zbfe ih fhy ng |ob := nz 4=di|ibt ih Dnenzfln |of| ofwb }fttbl tiìefz nzlihfhdbt ih |ob eft| gbq ybfzt( I| qft nwbz |qn ybfztjbgnzb |ob gizt| FLR qft jrie| ih Fzwflf% DN fg|bz |oby }fttbl |obiz nzlihfhdb qi|onr| `fcnz }rjeidlbjf|b( I jbeibwb FLRt fzb f ebai|i`f|b onrtiha |y}b |of| nwbz |i`b dfh ln `rdo |n liwbztigy nrzhbiaojnzonnlt bdnhnìdfeey( I tr}}nz| ynrz bggnz|t |n ihderlb }znwitinht gnz FLRt ih ynrzhbiaojnzonnlt( \ob bxdi|b`bh| qiee vridkey litti}f|b(

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@ikb Kb}ofz|% Lbhwbz% DN

Tbì-fhnhy`nrt ihtilb Tfe| Efkb Di|y Hnwb`jbz 6=% :=6=% 66361 F@

Nqhbz nddr}fhdy% nqhbz nddr}fhdy% nqhbz nddr}fhdy% t|zid| bhgnzdb`bh| ng nqhbz nddr}fhdy(N|obzqitb |oit it f dfz|b jefhdo gnz onrtb gei}}bzt% fhl terènzlt(

Nddr}fhdy ng nhb rhi| `rt| jb gree |i`b jy |ob fd|rfe eiwiha }bztnh qi|o `fcnzi|y ih|bzbt| eit|bl nh |obnqhbztoi} lbbl( Ln hn| feenq nqhbztoi} jy *|zrt|t*%*dnz}nz|f|inht* nz fhy n|obz bh|i|iy( N|obzqitb|oby qiee feqfyt defi` |of| |obiz gfìey |zrt| feenqt |ob` |n zbh| |n *gfìey* qi|o liggbzbh| eft| hf`bt

/fkf% tn`bnhb qon ith!| gfìey f| fee% jr| |ob |zrb nqhbz it qieeiha |n jb| |of| |ob di|y qiee hbwbz dobdkjbdfrtb i| it |nn bx}bhtiwb fhl |i`b dnhtrìha)

Tbì-fhnhy`nrt ihtilb Tfe| Efkb Di|y Hnwb`jbz 1% :=6=% 936= F@

I tr}}nz| FLR!t

Trtfh Gitobz ihtilb Tfe| Efkb Di|y Hnwb`jbz 6% :=6=% 43=9 ]@

Ft f



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bwbh f zbwbztb `nz|afab qnrel jb gft|bz fhl ebtt lb`nzfeisiha gnz jn|o zbtilbh| fhl hbiaojnzonnl(\ob }zn}ntbl nzlihfhdb lnbt hn| nggbz fhy }zn|bd|inh f| fee gnz |ob dofzfd|bz ng |ob bxit|ihahbiaojnzonnl( I| it ihf}}zn}zif|b |n gnzdb trdo f gfz-zbfdoiha nzlihfhdb dofhab r}nh rt qobhOit|nzid Lit|zid| lbtiahf|inh gnz Gblbzfe Obiao|t it rhlbz dnhtilbzf|inh( \ob Di|y Dnrhdie tonreldnhtilbz dfzbgreey |ob wbt|bl ih|bzbt|t ng |ontb qon }zn}ntb |n dofhab |ob ih|bazfe dofzfd|bz ng ftihaeb-gf`iey lit|zid|( I |oihk |ob zbt}nhlbh| qon }zn}ntbl oiao-zitb f}fz|`bh|t /qi|o rhlbzaznrhl}fzkiha) nh fezbfly bxit|iha }fzkiha en|t it nh |ob ziao| |zfdk(

\ob |zr|o ng |ob `f||bz it |of| nhb ng |ob gizt| |oihat }bn}eb jry it }ziwfdy% fhl |oit it rtrfeeybx}zbttbl gizt| ih |ob t}fdb |oby dfh }efdb jb|qbbh |ob`tbewbt fhl |obiz hbiaojnzt( Gblbzfe Obiao|toft efzabz en|t% fhl |ob dnwbzfab it gfz ebtt |ofh |ob di|y-feenqbl


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tbbh ih |ob }ft|( Qb gbbe |oit qfy lbt}i|b |ob zbt|zid|inht |ob FLR oft }r| nh zbh|iha--}bn}eb ofwb fqfy ng tkiz|iha |ontb zbt|zid|inht bt}bdifeey qobh qb ln hn| tbb fh flbvrf|b nwbztiao| jy |ob di|y |nbhgnzdb |ob`( Tn |of| it `y gbbeiha f| |oit }nih| fhl I tbhtb |of| `fhy hbiaojnzt fazbb qi|o b

Bt|obz Orh|bz ihtilb Tfe| Efkb Di|y Nd|njbz :7% :=6=% ?3:< ]@

I jbeibwb |obzb it f crt|igibl hbbl gnz |ob fjiei|y |n ebafeisb fddbttnzy lqbeeiha rhi|t ih |ob Di|y( \oit dfh jb rtbgre fhl obe}gre |n `fhy( I tr}}nz| |ob nqhbz nddr}ibl zbvrizb`bh|(Ofwiha tfil |of|% I fetn jbeibwb |of| |oit nzlihfhdb it hn| yb| zbfly gnz }zi`b |i`b( \oit it f tiahigidfh| dofhab(

Qoieb qb hbbl |n t|b} gnzqfzl% f jefhkb| f}}znfdo zf|obz |ofh f dfzbgreey }efhhbl% f}}zn}zif|beyf}}eibl f}}znfdo qiee grz|obz bxfdbzjf|b `fhy di|y ittrbt fhl }znjeb`t trdo ft nrz gfieiha fhl

rhlbzgrhlbl ihgzft|zrd|rzb bt}bdifeey bwilbh| ih `fhy nelbz hbiaojnzonnlt( \ob jbhbgi| ng hn| jbiha gizt| it |of| qb dfh ebfzh gzn` fhl fwnil |ob enha |bz` }znjeb`t |oit |y}b ngdofhab oft dzbf|bl ih n|obz di|ibt( \oit nzlihfhdb hbblt |n jb jrie| nh f giz` gnrhlf|inh( \ob gnrhlf|inh tonrel dn`b gizt|(

Ih Tfe| Efkb |ob wbzy snhbt.}zn}bz|ibt |of| dnrel jbt| fjtnzj flli|inhfe lbhti|y lrb |n |obiz tisb fhlt|f|rzb qiee hn| eikbey jb r|ieisbl ih |oit `fhhbz jr| iht|bfl i| qiee jb |ob nelbz fezbfly `nzb lbhtb%t`feebz en|t |of| qiee jb grz|obz dn`}zn`itbl(\oit it hn| tndifeey zbt}nhtijeb(

\oit |y}b ng tiahigidfh| dofhab tonrel jb dfzbgreey |zifebl% ofwb f azbf| lbfe `nzb |onrao| nr| dzi|bzif/ib lbtiah arilbeihbt)% dnzzbef|inh qi|o n|obz nzlihfhdbt /ib |ob lr}ebx ebafeisf|inh }zndbtt)% fhl ofwb`nzb lb|fiet lbwben}bl |of| aiwb t}bdigid dzi|bzif gnz f}}znwfe( It i| hbfz |zfhti|% qof| lnbt |ob `ft|bz }efh tfy% onq `rdo lbhti|y fezbfly bxit|t% onq `rdo }fzkihait fwfiefjeb% it |obzb f ei| t|zbb| ef`}% i`}fd| |n }zn}bz|y wferbt% qof| it |ob dzi`b zf|b%znflt.qf|bz.tbqbz i`}fd|t |n hf`b jr| f gbq(Qof| bxfd|ey |i}t |ob jfefhdb ih|n |ob hbaf|iwb gnz f }fz|idrefz jendk gfdb% f hbiaojnzonnl>

Iht|bfl% qb dnrel jbaih jy ofwiha |ob nzlihfhdb |zifebl |oznrao f nhb ngg zbwibq }zndbtt trdo ftdnhli|inhfe rtb nz Jnfzl ng Flcrt|`bh|t zf|obz |ofh i`}eb`bh|bl ih f jefhkb| gftoinh( @fyjb qobzb|ob ebft| hbaf|iwb i`}fd| it eikbey jr| qobzb f |onrao|greey fttbttbl `ihi`r` dzi|bzif oft jbbh `b|/ib hbq Trafz Onrtb t|zbb|dfz eihb)(Qoieb |ob `fh}nqbz |n }zb}fzb f dftb gnz zbwibq it t|faabziha% |ob fjiei|y ng |ob Di|y |n`fhfab.bhgnzdb.}neidb |oit nzlihfhdb di|y qilb ft qzi||bh it hn| eikbey gbftijeb f| fee(

Ig f `nzb zbt|zid|bl.nhb ngg |zife zrh }znwbt trddbttgre% |oit af|b dfh feqfyt jb qilbhbl(

Ft Lz( Dozit Hbetnh /RR GFID] ]zbtilbh|ife ]zngbttnz Di|y fhl @b|zn}nei|fh ]efhhiha) oft t|f|bl% FEE ng |ob Di|ibt fh|idi}f|bl aznq|o dnrel jb fjtnzjbl jy r|ieisiha |ob `fhy bxit|iha gef| trzgfdb}fzkiha en|t qoido fetn dnihdilbt qi|o nhb ng |ob anfet ng |ob Lnqh|nqh Dn``rhi|y Dnrhdie(

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Ihdbh|iwbt gnz |oit |y}b ng lbwben}`bh| qnrel `bb| |ob hbbl gnz flli|inhfe |fx jftb% lbhti|y.aznq|oqoieb f| |ob tf`b |i`b bhzidoiha |ob Di|y qi|onr| litzr}|iha bxit|iha hbiaojnzonnlt(

I tihdbzbey on}b |ob flìhit|zf|inh qiee |fkb |ob flli|inhfe |i`b |n lbwben} |oit ih|n f qih-qih f}}znfdo|of| lnbt hn| ofz` tn`b fzbft qoieb }zn|bd|iha n|obzt( \oit it lnfjeb(

vrihh ddfeer`-efq ihtilb Tfe| Efkb Di|y Nd|njbz :2% :=6=% 73:7 ]@

I |oihk |oit }efh oft azbf| }n|bh|ife |n jn|o }zbtbzwb bxit|iha jrielihat fhl dzbf|b hbq onrtihan}}nz|rhi|ibt( I drzzbh|ey eiwb ih fh nqhbz nddr}ibl ebafe |zi}ebx fhl i| qnzkt qbee gnz `y qigb fhl I jr| I|oihk qb dnrel |fkb i| grz|obz ft f di|y( Qof| fjnr| *FJR!t* nz fddbttnzy jrtihbtt rhi|t ft qbee nhnqhbz nddr}ibl }zn}bz|ibt> I f` fqfzb ng on`b-nddr}f|inh }bzì|t jr| qi|oih `fhy fzbf!t ng |obdi|y |oit dnrel dnh|zijr|b |n |ob eiwbeihbtt ng r} fhl dnìha fzbft ft qbee ft dzbf|b }efdbt gnz }bn}eb

|n fd|rfeey qfek |n% tn`b|oiha |of| it t|iee efdkiha ih TED fejbi| aznqiha( I tbb tn `fhy ng |obtbjrielihat fznrhl |ob di|y aniha |n qft|b jbdfrtb |ob drzzbh| nqhbzt tbb hn wferb ih dn``bzdifet}fdb% yb|% tbbìhaey% fzb litih|bzbt|bl ih tbeeiha |ob` /I!wb gnrhl 6 gnz tfeb }rjeidey ih |ob eft| giwbybfzt() Tn eb||iha n|obzt jriel jrtihbttbt ft qbee qnrel jb ft nz `nzb jbhbgidife |ofh |ob FLR!t( If` t|iee fee gnz |ob FLR nzlihfhdb ih |ob ih|bzi`(

Kbeey T|bwbht ihtilb Tfe| Efkb Di|y Nd|njbz :2% :=6=% 9341 F@

I f` f 62 ybfz zbtilbh| ng |ob Fwbhrbt( I ofwb nqhbl |qn nqhbz-nddr}ibl lr}ebxbt fhl ofwb jbbhqnzkiha qi|o |ob di|y |n ebafeisb f |zi}ebx |of| qft hnh-dnhgnzìha( I f` fjtner|bey n}}ntbl |n FLR!t(Zbtilbh|t ng |ob Fwbhrbt ofwb }zn|bd|bl |oit hbiaojnzonnl gnz lbdflbt% qnzkiha ofzl |n `fkb i| ftfgb% eiwb-fjeb dn``rhi|y( Qobh zf`}fh| lbwben}`bh| ng f}fz|`bh| dn`}ebxbt fhl dzbf|inh ng hnh-

dnhgnzìha f}fz|`bh|t qft |ob hnz` gnz |ob Fwbhrbt% i| qft f lfhabznrt% lzra-zillbh hbiaojnzonnlnh |ob lbdeihb( Qi|o |ob ofzl qnzk ng `fhy di|isbht% zbaref|inht ofwb `flb i| liggidre| |n fllf}fz|`bh|t fhl jzbfk r} tihaeb-gfìey lqbeeihat( \oit |zbhl oft }zn|bd|bl nrz hbiaojnzonnl fhldzbf|bl f AZBF\ }efdb |n eiwb( \ob fwbhrbt dfh jb tbbh ft fh f|-zitk hbiaojnzonnl ih TED( Dzi`bit zbef|iwbey oiao qi|oih nrz jnrhlfzibt( Qi|o `nzb f}fz|`bh|t fhl f `nzb |zfhtibh| }n}ref|inh% |obtdfeb dnrel jb |i}}bl( ]fzkiha it fhn|obz dn`}eidf|bl ittrb qi|o hbaf|iwb i`}eidf|inht gzn` feenqihaFLR!t bt}bdifeey qi|o fh feenqfhdb gnz !eiì|bl! bxb`}|inht( \ob zbvrizb`bh| gnz fh nqhbz-nddr}iblonrtb tbb`t wbzy |bhrnrt fhl liggidre| |n zbaref|b lnqh-|ob-eihb(

T|b}ofhib Dorzdoiee Cfdkbe nr|tilb Tfe| Efkb Di|y Nd|njbz :4% :=6=% 634: ]@

I!` dnhdbzhbl |of| |ob *gfd| tobb|* fhl |ob lzfg| nzlihfhdb lnh!| fazbb ft |n |ob tisb ng FLR feenqbl(

\ob gfd| tobb| tfyt 2=" ng tv( g|a( ng }zi`fzy t|zrd|rzb nz 72= tv(g|(% qoidobwbz it AZBF\BZ% qoieb|ob nzlihfhdb tfyt 2=" nz 72= tv(g|(% qoidobwbz it EBTT( \oit it f tbzinrt litdzb}fhdy( I fetn |oihkt|zid| lbtiah arilbeihbt tonrel f}}ey qobzbwbz |ob FLR it endf|bl% oit|nzid lit|zid| nz hn|(

Lfhf Tdofggbz ihtilb Tfe| Efkb Di|y Nd|njbz 67% :=6=%



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|bfdobzt% dfh fggnzl |n eiwb ih |ob hbiaojnzonnl ih qoido |oby fzb dnh|zijr|nzt( Tihdb qb fzbbx}bzibhdiha tbwbzb }zn}bz|y |fx ihdzbftbt% I i`faihb |oit `nwb `fy feenq `fhy }bn}eb /b(a( gixblihdn`bt) qon fzb f wferfjeb }fz| ng |ob hbiaojnzonnl |n kbb} |obiz on`bt( Fetn% ig nrz hbiaojnzonnljbdn`bt `nzb lbhtb% qb ìao| fd|rfeey jb fjeb |n tr}}nz| tn`b `nzb t`fee jrtihbttbt( I gnz nhbqnrel eikb f gbq `nzb zbt|frzfh| n}|inht qi|oih qfekiha lit|fhdb fhl }bzof}t f t|nzb n|obz |ofhTì|o!t( Tn`bnhb jznrao| r} }fzkiha( I!` hn| zbfeey qnzzibl fjnr| |of|% ofwiha eiwbl ih TfhGzfhditdn fhl Tbf||eb( \ob `nzb lbhtb i| jbdn`bt% |ob `nzb }bn}eb qiee |fkb }rjeid |zfhti| fhlon}bgreey |ontb }bn}eb qnh!| hbbl dfzt f| fee% ig |obzb fzb jrtihbttbt qi|oih qfekiha lit|fhdb fhl|zfhti| |n |ob R fhl lnqh|nqh( I ln on}b |oby qiee dnhtilbz flliha |zfggid eiao|t fhl bhgnzdb |ob t}bbleiì| tn |of| qb dfh jb }blbt|zifh gzibhley% bwbh ig qb ihdzbftb lbhti|y( Onqbwbz% bwbh zbdbh| zbvrbt|tgnz |ontb tbzwidbt.dofhabt ofwb gfeebh nh lbfg bfzt(

Cnh ]fzzito ihtilb Tfe| Efkb Di|y Nd|njbz ?% :=6=% 6:3


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I t|znhaey tr}}nz| |oit nzlihfhdb( I kbb} obfziha fjnr| |ob !ihbwi|fjiei|y! ng aznq|o ih |ob wfeeby% fhl i|`fkbt `b tidk( \obzb zbfeey it nhey tn `rdo t}fdb% hn| |n `bh|inh qf|bz( Fhl |ob `nzb qb t}zfqe%|ob qnztb |ob fezbfly |bzzijeb fiz ab|t( Iht|bfl ng lihkiha fznrhl qi|o ilbft eikb |ob hnz|oqbt|vrflzfh|% qb tonrel gndrt nh IHGIEE( I gihl |ob dn``bh| zbgbzziha |n \nkyn nggbhtiwb3 \n |of|dn``bh|bz% I ftk% *Qnrel ynr }zbgbz \nkyn nz E(F(>* Jbdfrtb E(F( it |ob lizbd|inh qb!zb obflbl( Igynr lnh!| eikb lbhti|y% `nwb |n |ob dnrh|zy( R} |n f }nih|% |ob lbhtbz |ob di|y% |ob jb||bz|ob di|yjbdn`bt `nzb qfekfjeb% `nzb tr}}nz|iwb ng ihlb}bhlbh|% endfeey-nqhbl jrtihbtt% fhl `nzbdn``rhi|y-nzibh|bl( Orzzfo gnz |ob FLR&

@ikb Kb}ofz| nr|tilb Tfe| Efkb Di|y Tb}|b`jbz ::% :=6=% 13:2 F@

Obzb ih |ob di|y ng Lbhwbz qb ihderlbl FLRt ih nrz hbq snhiha nzlihfhdb fln}|bl zbdbh|ey( I qnreltraabt| eb||iha |ob `fxi`r` tisb ng fh FLR ihdzbftb qi|o |ob tisb ng |ob en|( Qb ihderlbl |oit

}znwitinh ih nrz dnlb( I qnrel fetn traabt| |of| ynr ftk gfìeibt |n |bee |obiz t|nzibt zf|obz |ofh |zyiha|n f}}bfe |n |ob }n}refdb qi|o enaid fhl zbftnh( \oit it f dofhab fhl }bn}eb abhbzfeey gbfz dofhabrhebtt |oby dfh }bztnhfeisb i|( Qb gfiebl ih |oit zbt}bd| fhl i| jbdf`b f liwitiwb ittrb qobh i| dnrelofwb jbbh tbbh ft annl gnz gfìeibt(

jzrdb jbdk ihtilb Tfe| Efkb Di|y Tb}|b`jbz :=% :=6=% 1326 F@

I fazbb qi|o Feytf K

Tbì-fhnhy`nrt ihtilb Tfe| Efkb Di|y Tb}|b`jbz 62% :=6=% 93=? ]@

Ig |oit dfh jb fddn`}eitobl qi|onr| dzbf|iha `baf onrtbt nz `baf jfzht |obh an gnz i| fenha qi|o |obgneenqiha3 I jbeibwb f zf|in jb|qbbh }zn}bz|y tisb fhl onrtb gnn| }zih| hbblt |n jb bt|fjeitobl( \obzb

tonrel fetn jb f eiì| nh hr`jbz ng }bn}eb jftbl nh gfìey zbef|inh fhl |n|fe hr`jbz }bz tvrfzb gnn|(

Kf|ozyh Gi|sabzfel ihtilb Tfe| Efkb Di|y Tb}|b`jbz 6=% :=6=%



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I f` n}}ntbl |n |oit }zn}ntbl nzlihfhdb ft i| qiee ihdzbftb }n}ref|inh lbhti|y ih fezbfly dznqlblfzbft( Qb fzb fezbfly trggbziha gzn` dzi`b% dnhabt|inh% |zfht}nz|f|inh }znjeb`t% efdk ng }ziwfdy fhln|obz ih|zrtinht |n f dfe` fhl }bfdbgre eigb( It \nkyn zbfeey |ob di|y qb qfh| |n `nz}o ih|n>

Feyttf Kfy ihtilb Tfe| Efkb Di|y Tb}|b`jbz 6% :=6=% 734= ]@

\oit it f }nti|iwb `nwb gnz Tfe| Efkb Di|y( Fddbttnzy Lqbeeiha Rhi|t qiee feenq bx|bhlbl gf`ieibt |n eiwbdentbz |nab|obz% }znwilb zbh|fe ihdn`b fhl ihdzbftb |ob di|y!t lbhti|y /qi|onr| tiahigidfh| i`}fd| nhdofzfd|bz) |n `i|iaf|b rzjfh t}zfqe( I f` ih gfwnz ng |oit nzlihfhdb(

Tn`b ng |ob t}bdigidt ng |ob nzlihfhdb% onqbwbz% fzb rhhbdbttfziey zbt|zid|iwb trdo ft |ob Nqhbz-Nddr}ibl ]zn}bz|y zbvrizb`bh|( \obzb fzb `fhy zbh|bzt qon qnrel jbhbgi| gzn` |oit kihl ng eiwihafzzfhab`bh|( \oit tbd|inh tbb`t |n jb }zbcrlidbl fafiht| zbh|bzt(

Tbd|inh 1(j(/6) it rhdebfz( Ig |ob fddbttnzy rhi| it lb|fdobl onq.qoy qnrel fh bxit|iha bh|zfhdb jbrtbl> Qoy qnrel f hbq bh|zfhdb jb zbvrizbl |n gfdb fqfy gzn` |ob t|zbb|> Ih `y n}ihinh |of| qnreldzbf|b f `ftt |of| qnrel jb rhf||zfd|iwb gzn` |ob t|zbb|tdf}b(

Nwbzfee% |oit it f annl t|fz|( \ofhkt&

]fab 62 ng 62





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6

@feny% @idofbe

Gzn`3 \fzjb|% HidkTbh|3 Gzilfy% Crhb 6=% :=66 6=34< F@\n3 @feny% @idofbeDd3 Dnggby% Dobzi; Cfzlihb% Cfhidb; Di|y Dnrhdie EifitnhtTrjcbd|3 Dn``bh|t zbafzliha FLR ]zn}ntfe--L2

Df|banzibt3 N|obz

Oi@idofbe

Dnrhdie@b`jbzEnwbzbdbiwbl|obgneenqihadn``bh|zbafzliha|obFLR}zn}ntfe( \obdi|isbh`bh|inhbloboft

dn``bh|blnhN}bhDi|yOfee%jr|Icrt|qfh|bl|n`fkbtrzbynrzbdbiwbl|ob`(

\ofhkt

Gzn`3 Afzy Ofzliha [`fie|n3afzyo99Mdn`dft|(hb|PTbh|3 Trhlfy% @fy =?% :=66 2342 ]@\n3 !ciee(enwbMtedanw(dn !

Trjcbd|3 FLR ]zn}ntfe

I crt| trj`i||bl dn``bh|t nh N}bh Di|y Ofee fhl |obh fh b`fie zbvrbt| ng |ob Di|y Dnrhdie |n n}}ntb

|ob FLR }zn}ntfe( Ih |ob ef||bz I ftkbl |ob Dnrhdie hn| |n wn|b gnz fhy }zn}ntfe efdkiha t}bdigid nh 2}nih|t( Qnrel ynr }ebftb ftk |ob f}}zn}zif|b Di|y }bn}eb |n bi|obz ihderlb |ob gneenqiha ih |ob FLR

}zn}ntfe nz bx}efih |n ynr qoy |oby dfhhn| ln tn>

Dnlb |of| rhf`jiarnrtey lbgihbt |ob gneenqiha3

F `bdofhit` t|znhabz |ofh f jrtihbtt eidbhtb /}bzof}t tn`b|oiha |ibl |n }zn}bz|y |fx }fy`bh|}zndbtt) |n fttrzb |of| nqhbzt dbz|igy |of| |oby zb`fih dn`}eifh| qi|o |ob FLR zbvrizb`bh|t

bfdo ybfz nz |of| |oby nggidifeey gnzgbi| |ob FLR lbtiahf|inh nh |ob }zn}bz|y(

Afzy D Ofzliha

afzyo99Mdn`dft|(hb|

/d) ?=6 ?1= ?


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6

@feny% @idofbe

Gzn`3 Tbfh Defzk [teihaton|?Myfonn(dn`PTbh|3 \rbtlfy% @fzdo :9% :=66 :36< ]@\n3 @feny% @idofbeTrjcbd|3 FLR>

Df|banzibt3 N|obz

Oi@idofbe%It}nkbqi|o@ikfbefybt|bzlfyfhltobtfil|of|iqnrelhn|jbfeenqbl|n}r|f

jf|oznnìh`yDfzzifabonrtb( Iqftcrt|zbflihar}nh|ob}zn}ntfezbafzlihafeenqiha

FLR!tjy@fynzJbdkbz%fhlIfìhgfwnzngfeenqiha|ob`qi|ohnzbt|zid|inht(

Jbynhl|of|%Iqfton}iha|nab|tn`bdfezigidf|inhig`y}efh|n}r|fjf|oznn`qi|of}efdb

|nqfto`yofhlt%`fyjbbwbhtonqbzfg|bzqnzkihaih|obyfzlb|d(vrfeigibtftfhFLR( I|

ithn|`yih|bh|inh|ndzbf|bft|fhlfenhbeiwihat}fdb( I|ithn|`yih|bh|inh|nzbh|

t}fdb|nfhynhb%|onraoIofwb}ebh|yngt}fdbih|ob`fihonrtbfti|itcrt|`b%`yqigb%

fhlnrztnhihf22==tvg|on`b( Tbb`ttieey|nzbt|zid|`yfjiei|y|n`fkbfjf|oznn`

jftblnhebaitef|inhfi`bl|nlb|bzoiao}n}ref|inhlbhti|yfhlzbh|ihaznn`t((((( Iti|

ynrzrhlbzt|fhliha|of||obzbt|zid|inhtnhFLR!tqnrel}znderlb`bgznòfwihazrhhihaqf|bz

ih|ob

afzfab>

Fetn%|obzbf}}bfzt|njbflzfih}i}bih|obDfzzifabOnrtb%fhlfddnzliha|nnrzzbtbfzdo%

vrfz|bztqbzbrtblih|obDfzzifabOnrtbgnzefrhlzybfzeyih|obdbh|rzy((((tnnrz|obnzyit

|of|i|itt|ieednhhbd|bl|n|obtbqbztyt|b`(Hn|trzbig|of|qnrelfetnfggbd|onq|ob

drzzbh|dnhli|inhitlbgihblnzig|ob}zbtbhdbngftbqbzlzfihfeenqt`b|nzbt|nzbzrhhiha

qf|bz|n|objrieliha(

\ofhktgnzynrzarilfhdb%f}}zbdif|bynrzbggnz|t|nfeenqFLR!tft|obziao|ngf}zn}bz|y

nqhbz( Eb|`bkhnqig|obzbitfhy|oihaIdfhln|nobe}ihab||iha|obebaitef|inh}fttbl(

\ofhktfafih%

TbfhDefzk?=62999=72


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\n @b`jbzt ng |ob ]efhhiha Dn`ìttinhGzn` Dihly Dzn`bzZb FLR!t@fzdo :4% :=66

I ofwb ofl }ebh|y ng bx}bzibhdb qi|o |ob Flìhit|zf|inh!t }zn}ntfe gnz FLR!t3 Gizt| ft f b`jbz ng |obSF] Dn`ì||bb fe`nt| : ybfzt fan% |obh ft f }fz|idi}fh| ih |ob FLR \ftk Gnzdb eft| tr``bz% fhl nhhr`bznrt nddftinht tihdb |obh ih wfzinrt dn``rhi|y `bb|ihat( Ynr zbdbiwbl f dn}y ng |ob `b`n Iqzn|b gnz |ob \ftk Gnzdb `bb|iha f| ynrz Lbdb`jbz litdrttinh fhl i| it ihderlbl ih |ob `f|bzifet ih |ob}fdkb| gnz |nhiao|!t obfziha( \ob |ob`b ng |of| `b`n it |of| |ob Di|y!t efdkt |ob tkieet |n `fkb |ob}zn}ntfe ft lzfg|bl jy Defzinh f trddbtt( Defzinh!t }zn}ntfe lnbt hn| dnhtilbz |ob rhivrbhbtt fhlliwbzti|y ng Tfe| Efkb Di|y!t hbiaojnzonnlt(

I qfh| |n `fkb f gbq }nih|t |nhiao| ih |ob |qn ìhr|bt feenqbl(

6( Ft f dn``rhi|y% qb ln hn| hbbl fhn|obz liwitiwb ittrb( ]fzeby!t Oit|nzid Hf|rzb ]fzk fhlYfebdzbt| qbzb bhnrao |n eft| rt gnz f enha |i`b( \ob }zn}ntfe ft lzfg|bl jy Defzinh oft fz`nz |of| itfe`nt| i`}bhb|zfjeb( Lbt}i|b `y dnht|zrd|iwb fhl dzi|idfe dn``bh|t gnz fe`nt| |qn ybfzt% |ob }zn}ntfeoft dofhabl wbzy ei||eb( I i`}enzb ynr |n fkb zbdn``bhlf|inht |n |ob Di|y Dnrhdie qoido qiee `nwb |ob}zn}ntfe |n f }efdb qobzb i| dfh jb tr}}nz|bl jy `nzb }bn}eb% fhl wianznrtey n}}ntbl jy gbq(

:( Qof| qnrel trdo f }zn}ntfe ennk eikb> Qof| qnrel I jb qieeiha |n tr}}nz|> I dnrel tr}}nz| f}zn}ntfe |of| feenqbl FLR!t ih |ob Z@G-4= fhl Z@G-42 snhbt ih tihaeb-gfìey lqbeeihat zbafzlebtt ng en|tisb fhl qoido qbzb fetn qi|oih < jendkt ng gixbl |zfhti|( \obzb fzb en|t ng zbftnht |n b`}oftisb |ontbdzi|bzif gnz FLR!t% ihderliha |ob gfd| |of| fee zbtilbh|t fhl jrtihbtt nqhbzt ih |ontb }fz|t ng |ob Di|ybx}bd| |n ofwb |bhfh|t ft hbiaojnzt(

4( I| oft jbdn`b debfz |n `b |of| |ob }bn}eb re|i`f|bey zbt}nhtijeb gnz |oit lbditinh ofwb ei||ebrhlbzt|fhliha ng |ob dn`}ebx zbef|inhtoi} jb|qbbh drzzbh| `fzkb| gnzdbt% bhgnzdb`bh|% rhi| ebafeisf|inh%|ob Annl Efhlenzl ]znazf`% jrtihbtt eidbhtiha% onrtiha iht}bd|inht% fhl |ob jrieliha dnlb( ]ebftb ftkgnz f jzibgiha |of| qnrel defzigy |ob zbef|inhtoi}t jb|qbbh |obtb ihgerbhdbt jbgnzb ynr }zndbbl( Jy t|fggbt|i`f|b% |obzb fzb t|iee 6=== rhi|t ih |ob rhi| ebafeisf|inh }zndbtt( \ob `f} ih gznh| ng ynr tonqt |obhr`jbz ng hnhdnhgnzìha }zn}bz|ibt qi|o 4 fhl < rhi|t qi|oih |ob tihaeb-gfìey snhiha lit|zid| ng Bft|

Eijbz|y fenhb( \obzb it fezbfly gfz nzb lbhti|y ih |ob Di|y!t nelbz hbiaojnzonnlt |ofh |obFlìhit|zf|inh oft fdkhnqeblabl( Fee ng `y nqh }zn}bz|ibt fzb hnhdnhgnzìha qi|o zbt}bd| |n lbhti|ybxdb}| `y }bztnhfe zbtilbhdb( I qnrel hn| ofwb ihwbt|bl ih |ob` qi|onr| |ob flli|inhfe rhi|t(


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@fzdo :=% :=66

@fynz Zfe}o Jbdkbz

Tfe| Efkb Di|y DnrhdieTfe| Efkb ]efhhiha Lb}fz|`bh|

@b`jbzt ng |ob Tfe| Efkb Di|y ]efhhiha Lb}fz|`bh|%

Lrziha |ob ef|b 699=t% ih zbt}nhtb |n dofhaiha hf|inhfe lb`nazf}oidt% dofhaiha bdnhnìdt fhl

dofhaiha dn``rhi|y anfet% FFZ] bhafabl ih hf|inhfe zbtbfzdo fhfeysiha gig|y endfe fddbttnzy lqbeeiha

rhi| nzlihfhdbt( \ob nzafhisf|inh |obh lzfg|bl |ob @nlbe T|f|b Fddbttnzy Lqbeeiha Rhi| Fd| fhl |ob

@nlbe Fddbttnzy Lqbeeiha Rhi| Nzlihfhdb(# Ih |ob gnzqfzl |n |oit }rjeidf|inh% |ob gneenqiha dnhdertinh

qft zbfdobl3

*Zblrd|inht ih |ob tisb ng F`bzidfh onrtbonelt% fenha qi|o dofhabt ih |obiz dn`}nti|inh fhl

bdnhnìd dizdr`t|fhdbt% qfzzfh| dnhtilbzf|inh ng snhiha }neidibt |of| bhdnrzfab |ob `nzb

bggidibh| rtb ng |ob hf|inh!t ihgzft|zrd|rzb fhl tr}}ey ng tihaeb-gfìey on`bt |n `bb| drzzbh|

fhl gr|rzb onrtiha hbblt( T|f|bt fhl endfei|ibt fzb fetn tbbkiha qfyt |n fttrzb |ob

ihlb}bhlbhdb fhl tbdrzi|y ng nelbz zbtilbh|t qi|o f ìhi`r` ng }rjeid ihwbt|`bh|( FLRt

}znwilb f }n|bh|ife zbtnrzdb gnz fllzbttiha |obtb ittrbt jy `fkiha `nzb bggbd|iwb rtb ng bxit|iha

onrtiha t|ndk fhl }znwiliha nelbz on`bnqhbzt qi|o f }n|bh|ife tnrzdb ng ihdn`b |n `fih|fih

|obiz ihlb}bhlbhdb(*

Ih |ob lndr`bh|!t Ih|znlrd|inh% i| it }nih|bl nr| |of|% |ob F`bzidfh gfìey it% *((( aznqiha ih hr`jbz jr|

tozihkiha ih tisb(((Ih tn`b dn``rhi|ibt% |ob hbbl gnz onrtiha% bt}bdifeey gnz }bn}eb qi|o t}bdife }oytidfe

fhl gihfhdife hbblt% oft jbdn`b fdr|b( Rhlbzrtbl t}fdb ih tihaeb-gfìey onrtbt ih nhb ng |ob hf|inh!t

efzabt| rh|f}}bl onrtiha zbtnrzdbt(* \ob lndr`bh| anbt nh |n traabt| |of|% *Ft |ob }n}ref|inh fabt%`fhy nelbz }bn}eb gihl |ob`tbewbt eiwiha ih |obiz gfìey on`bt fenhb( \oby `fy hbbl flli|inhfe ihdn`b

|n }fy gnz obfe|o dfzb tbzwidbt% dnwbz on`b `fih|bhfhdb dnt|t% nz `fkb `nz|afab }fy`bh|t( N|obzt

`fy qfh| f gfìey `b`jbz nz f dfzb|fkbz |n eiwb hbfzjy% qoieb `fih|fihiha }ziwfdy gnz jn|o }fz|ibt(*

\ob lndr`bh|!t Ih|znlrd|inh grz|obz njtbzwbt |of| fdzntt |ob Rhi|bl T|f|bt% endfe dn``rhi|ibt% *(((ofwb

zbdnahisbl |ob hbbl |n t|fjieisb nz ihdzbftb }n}ref|inh lbhti|ibt ih dbz|fih fzbft ih nzlbz |n `fih|fih

|ob bxit|iha }rjeid ihgzft|zrd|rzb% tbzwidbt% fhl |fx jftb( Ih flli|inh% `fhy dn``rhi|ibt ofwb tnrao| |n

dnhdbh|zf|b }n}ref|inh lbhti|y ih t}bdigid fzbft ih nzlbz |n bhdnrzfab }rjeid |zfhti| tbzwidb fhl zblrdb

rzjfh t}zfqe( \obtb dn``rhi|ibt ln hn|% onqbwbz% hbdbttfziey qfh| |obiz tihaeb-gfìey hbiaojnzonnlt

|n jbdn`b t|zrd|rzfeey `nzb lbhtb(*

\ob Ih|znlrd|inh anbt nh |n }nih| nr| |of| fddbttnzy lqbeeiha rhi|t nggbz% *(((|ob }n|bh|ife gnz fttit|iha

nelbz on`bnqhbzt fhl n|obz ih `fi

2011.06.22_Salt Lake City_Planning Commission Staff Report_ADUs

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Transcript of 2011.06.22_Salt Lake City_Planning Commission Staff Report_ADUs