20 October [email protected]. 321450 Management of Information Technology Chapter 6 Chapter 6 IT...

20 October 201020 October 2010 [email protected]@buu.ac.th 11

321450321450 Management Management of of I nf or mat i on I nf or mat i on

TechnologyTechnology

321450321450 Management Management of of I nf or mat i on I nf or mat i on

TechnologyTechnology

Chapter 6Chapter 6

IT Infrastructure and IT Infrastructure and PlatformPlatformss

Asst. Prof. Wichai Bunchua Asst. Prof. Wichai Bunchua- E mail : [email protected] E mail : [email protected]

http://http://www.informaticswww.informatics.buu.ac.th/~wich.buu.ac.th/~wichaiai


IT Infrastructure and business IT Infrastructure and business capabilitiescapabilities


IT Infrastructure and business IT Infrastructure and business capabilitiescapabilities

The services a firm is capable of providing to its customers, suppliers, and employees are a direct function of its infrastructure

This infrastructure should support the firm’s information systems strategy

New information technologies have a powerful impact on business and IT strategies, as well as the services that can be provided to customers


IT Infrastructure?IT Infrastructure?

What is IT Infrastructure? IT Infrastructure is the shared

technology resources that provided the platform for the firm’s specification information system applications

IT Infrastructure includes hardware, software, and services that are shared across the entire firm


IT Infrastructure?IT Infrastructure?

IT Infrastructure is a set of firmwide services budgeted by management and comprising both human and technical capabilities

These services include Computing platforms Telecommunication services Data management services (cont.)


IT Infrastructure? (cont.)IT Infrastructure? (cont.)

Data management services Application software services Physical facilities management

services IT management services IT standard services IT education services IT research and development services


Levels of IT InfrastructureLevels of IT Infrastructure

Firm infrastructure is organized at 3 major levels Public Enterprise Business

There may be other low levels Departments Individual employees


Levels of IT InfrastructureLevels of IT Infrastructure


Evolution of IT Evolution of IT Infrastructure: 1950-Infrastructure: 1950-Evolution of IT Evolution of IT Infrastructure: 1950-Infrastructure: 1950-

The IT infrastructure in organizations today is an outgrowth of over 50 years of evolution in computing platforms

We identified five stages in this evolution, each representing a different configuration of computing power and infrastructure elements



The five eras are Automated special-purpose

machines General-purpose mainframe and

minicomputer computing Personal computers Client/server networks Enterprise and Internet computing



Electronic Accounting Machine Era: 1930-1950

Sort computer cards into bins, accumulate totals, and print reports.

Large and cumbersome Programs were hardwired into circuit

boards No programmers Human machine operators are operating

system, controlling all system resources.



General-purpose mainframe and minicomputer Era: 1959 to present

UNIVAC - first commercial all-electronic vacuum tube computer in 1950s

IBM 1401 and 7090 transistorized machines named mainframe in 1959

IBM 360 series - first commercial computer with powerful operating system providing time sharing, multitasking, and virtual memory in 1965

(cont.)



General-purpose mainframe and minicomputer Era: 1959 to present (cont.)

Today IBM mainframe can work with a wide variety of different manufacturers’ computers and multiple OS on client/server networks and Internet technology standard

DEC introduced minicomputer PDP-11 in 1965 and later VAX machines - powerful machines at far lower prices than IBM mainframes



Fig 6-3 a



Personal Computer Era: 1981 to present First truly personal computer MIT’s

Altair, and Apple I and II appeared in 1970s

IBM PC in 1981 credited as beginning of PC era because it was widely adopted in American businesses

First using DOS operating system, later Microsoft Windows

Wintel PC computer became the standard desktop personal computer



Personal Computer Era: 1981 to present (cont.)

Today, 95% of world’s estimated 1 billion computers used Wintel standard

Since 1981, PC software productivity as word processors, spreadsheet, presentation and small data management were valuable to both home and corporate users

These PCs were standalone until PC operating system made it possible to link into networks



Client/server Era: 1983 to present In client/server computing, desktop or

laptop called clients are networked to server that provided the client with a variety of services and capabilities

A client is the user point of entry, server provides communication among the clients, processes and stores shared data, serves up Web pages, or manages network activities



Client/server Era: 1983 to present (cont.)

The term server refers to both the software application and the physical computer on which the network software runs

The server could be a mainframe or PC often using multiple processors



Client/server Era: 1983 to present (cont.)

Simple client/server architecture - two tiered

Multitiered or N-tier Novell Netware was the leading

technology at the beginning Today Microsoft Windows Server

controls 78% of LAN market



Fig 6-4



Enterprise Internet Era: 1992 to present In early 1990s, firms turned to

networking standards and software tools and could integrate disparate networks into an enterprise infrastructure

In 1995 Internet was developed using TCP/IP

IT infrastructure links different types and brands of hardware and small networks into enterprise-wide network



Fig 6-3 c



Enterprise Internet Era: 1992 to present (cont.)

IT infrastructure links different types and brands of hardware and small networks into enterprise-wide network

Enterprise networks link mainframes, servers, PCs, mobile phones, and other handheld devices, and connect to public infrastructures such as the telephone system, the Internet and public network services.



Table 6-1a



Table 6-1b


Technology Drivers of Technology Drivers of Infrastructure EvolutionInfrastructure EvolutionTechnology Drivers of Technology Drivers of Infrastructure EvolutionInfrastructure Evolution

The changes in IT infrastructure have resulted from developments in

Computer processing and memory chips

Storage devices Telecommunications and networking

hardware and software Software design Having exponentially increased

computing power while reducing costs



Moore’s Law and Microprocessing Power Gordon Moore, the director of Fairchild

Semiconductor’s Research and Development Laboratory

In 1965, Moore wrote in Electronic magazine that “since the first microprocessor chip was introduced in 1959, the number of components on a chip had doubled each year” (later reduced to two years)



Moore’s Law and Microprocessing Power Later this became the foundation of

Moore’s Law This law would be interpreted in 3

variations1. The power of microprocessor doubles

every 18 months2. Computing power doubles every 18

months3. The price of computing falls by half

every 18 months



Moore’s Law and Microprocessing Power

Fig 6-5


Falling Cost of ChipsFalling Cost of ChipsFalling Cost of ChipsFalling Cost of Chips

Law of Mass Digital Storage Fig 6-8



Law of Mass Digital Storage The world produces as much as 5

exabytes (a billion GB) of unique information per year. The amount of information is roughly doubling every year

Almost all of this information growth involves magnetic storage of digital data, and printed document account for only 0.003% of the annual growth



Law of Mass Digital Storage Fortunately, the cost of storing digital

information is falling at an exponential rate

Beginning Seagate506 in 1980 had 5 MB memory has grown at compound annual rate of 25% in early year to over 60% a year since 1990

Fig 6-9 shows number of KB can store on magnetic disk for one dollar from 1950 to 2004 roughly doubled every 15 months



Law of Mass Digital Storage Fig 6-9


Infrastructure ComponentsInfrastructure ComponentsInfrastructure ComponentsInfrastructure Components

IT infrastructure today is composed of 7 major components

Computer Hardware Platforms Operating System Platforms Enterprise Software Applications Data Management and Storage Network/Telecommunications

Platforms Internet Platforms Consultants and System Integrators


Infrastructure ComponentsInfrastructure ComponentsInfrastructure ComponentsInfrastructure Components


IT Infrastructure and IT Infrastructure and PlatformsPlatforms

End of Part a

(Cont.)


Questions?Questions?Questions?Questions?


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