20 October [email protected]. 20 October [email protected] IT Infrastructure and business...

20 October 201020 October 2010 [email protected]@buu.ac.th 11


IT Infrastructure and business IT Infrastructure and business capabilitiescapabilities

321450321450 Management Management of of I nf or mat i on I nf or mat i on

TechnologyTechnology

321450321450 Management Management of of I nf or mat i on I nf or mat i on

TechnologyTechnology

Chapter 6 part bChapter 6 part b

IT Infrastructure and IT Infrastructure and PlatformPlatformss

Asst. Prof. Wichai Bunchua Asst. Prof. Wichai Bunchua- E mail : [email protected] E mail : [email protected]

http://http://www.informaticswww.informatics.buu.ac.th/~wich.buu.ac.th/~wichaiai


Infrastructure ComponentsInfrastructure ComponentsInfrastructure ComponentsInfrastructure Components


Infrastructure ComponentsInfrastructure ComponentsInfrastructure ComponentsInfrastructure Components

IT infrastructure today is composed of 7 major components

Computer Hardware Platforms Operating System Platforms Enterprise Software Applications Data Management and Storage Network/Telecommunications

Platforms Internet Platforms Consultants and System Integrators


Computer Hardware Computer Hardware PlatformsPlatformsComputer Hardware Computer Hardware PlatformsPlatforms

U.S. firms spend about $109 billion in 2005 on computer hardware

Including client machines and server machines

Client machines primarily Intel or AMD processors

Server machines using mostly Intel or AMD processors in the form of blade servers in racks, including Sun SPARC microprocessors and IBM PowerPC chips



90% computer hardware concentrated as IBM, HP, Dell, and Sun Microsystems

Three chip producers, Intel, AMD, and IBM count for over 90% of processors sold

The industry settled on Intel as a standard processor, exceptions in the server UNIX and Linux machines which might use SUN or IBM Unix processors



Mainframes have not disappeared The number of providers dwindled to one:

IBM IBM repurposed its systems to be used as

giant servers for massive enterprise networks and corporate web sites

A single IBM can run up to 17,000 instants of Linux or Windows server and is capable of replacing thousands of small blade servers


Operating System PlatformsOperating System PlatformsOperating System PlatformsOperating System Platforms

In 2505, the U.S. market for OS is amount to $100 billion

At the clients, 95% of PCs and 45% of handheld devices use MS Windows

In the servers, more than 85% of corporate servers use some form of UNIX or Linux

MS Window Server 2003 is capable of a providing enterprise-wide network service, it is generally not used when more than 3,000 clients in a network



Why Unix and Linux constitute the backbone of corporate infrastructure

They are scalable, reliable, and much less expensive than mainframe OS

Also run on many different types of processors

Major providers of Unix are IBM, HP, and Sun, each with slightly different and partially incompatible versions



Although Windows continues to dominate the client marketplace, many corporations have begun to explore Linux as low-cost desktop OS provided by commercial vendors such as RedHat Linux and Linux-based desktop productivity suites such as Sun’s StarOffice

Linux is also available in free version downloadable from the Internet as Open-source software, software created and updated by a worldwide community of programmers and available for free


Enterprise Software Enterprise Software ApplicationsApplicationsEnterprise Software Enterprise Software ApplicationsApplications

U.S. firms spent about $165 billion in 2005 for enterprise applications

The largest providers of enterprise application software are SAP, follow by Oracle and Peoplesoft.

In 2004 Oracle purchased Peoplesoft; SAP and Peoplesoft promise to provide software that works with any hardware or OS

Oracle applications run only on Oracle databases (although they are compatible with all OS and hardware platforms)


Enterprise Software Enterprise Software ApplicationsApplicationsEnterprise Software Enterprise Software ApplicationsApplications

Microsoft is attempting to move into the lower ends of this market by focusing on small and medium-sized businesses

There are over 35 million such businesses in US, and most have not yet developed enterprise applications

Most large firms have implemented enterprise applications and have developed long-term relationships with their providers

Once a firm decides to work with an enterprise vendor, switching can be difficult and costly


Data management and Data management and StorageStorageData management and Data management and StorageStorage

There are few choices for enterprise database management software

The leading database software providers are IBM (DB2), Oracle, Microsoft (SQL Server), and Sybase (Adaptive Server Enterprise), which supply more than 90% of the estimated $0 billion US database software marketplace


Data Management and Data Management and StorageStorageData Management and Data Management and StorageStorage

A growing new entrant is MySQL, a Linux open-source relational database product available for free on the Internet and increasingly supported by HP and others in a move designed to prevent Microsoft from monopolizing the small and medium-sized firm database with its SQL Server product



The physical data storage market (about $35 billion US in 2005) is dominated by EMC Corporation for a large-scale systems, and a small number of PC hard disk manufacturers led by Seagate, Maxter, and Western Digital

Storage area networks (SANs) connect multiple storage devices on a separate high speed network dedicate to storage

The SAN creates a large central pool of storage that can be rapidly accessed and shared by multiple servers



The amount of new digital information in the world is doubling every three years, driven in part by e-commerce and e-business and by statues and regulations requiring firm to invest in extensive data storage and management facilities

Consequently, the market for digital data storage devices has been growing at more than 15% annually over the last five years


Network/Telecommunications Network/Telecommunications PlatformsPlatformsNetwork/Telecommunications Network/Telecommunications PlatformsPlatforms

U.S. firms spend about $150 billion a year on networking and telecommunication hardware and nearly $700 billion on networking services

Widows Server 2000, Windows Server 2003, and Windows NT are predominantly used as local area network operating systems, follow by Novell, Linux, and Unix

Large enterprise wide area network primarily use some variant of Unix



Nearly all local area network, as well as wide area enterprise networks, use the TCP/IP protocol suite as standard

The leading networking hardware providers are Cisco, Lucent, Nortel, and Jupiter networks

Telecommunications platforms are typically provided by telecommunications/telephone services companies that offer voices and data connectivity, wide are networking, and Internet access



Leading telecommunications service vendors include MCI, AT&T, and regional telephone companies such as Verizon

This market is exploding with new providers of cellular wireless, Wi-Fi, and Internet telephone services


Internet PlatformsInternet PlatformsInternet PlatformsInternet Platforms

Internet platforms overlap with, and must relate to, the firm’s general networking infrastructure and hardware and software platforms

In most corporations, Internet expenditures are separated out from general IT infrastructure expenditures



U.S. firms spent an estimated $32 billion annually on Internet-related infrastructure

This expenditures were for hardware, software, and management services to support a firm’s Web site, including Web hosting services, and for intranets



A Web hosting service maintains a large Web server, or series of servers, and provides a fee-paying subscribers with space to maintains their Web sites

This category of technology expenditures is growing by approximately 10% per year



The Internet revolution of the late 1990s led to a veritable explosion in server computers, with many firms collecting of thousands of small servers to run their Internet operations

Since then there has been a steady push toward server consolidation, reducing the number of server computer by increasing the size and power of each

The Internet hardware server market has become increasing concentrated in the hands of Dell, HP/Compaq, and IBM as prices have fallen dramatically



The major Web server software application development tools and suites are supplied by Microsoft (FrontPage and Microsoft .NET family of development tools used to create Web sites using Active Server Pages for dynamic content),

Sun (Sun’s Java is the Most widely used tool for developing interactive Web applications on both the server and client sides), and a host of independent software developers, including Macromedia (Flash), media software (real Media), and text tools (Adobe Acrobat)


Contemporary Hardware Contemporary Hardware Platform TrendsPlatform TrendsContemporary Hardware Contemporary Hardware Platform TrendsPlatform Trends

The Integration of Computing and Telecommunications Platforms

Grid Computing On-Demand Computing (Utility

Computing) Autonomic Computing Edge Computing


Contemporary Software Contemporary Software Platform TrendsPlatform TrendsContemporary Software Contemporary Software Platform TrendsPlatform Trends

The Rise of Linux and Open-Source Software

Java Is Everywhere Web Services and Service-Oriented

Architecture Software Outsourcing


Management Opportunities, Management Opportunities, Challenges, and SolutionsChallenges, and SolutionsManagement Opportunities, Management Opportunities, Challenges, and SolutionsChallenges, and Solutions

The objective of infrastructure management is to provide a coherent and balanced set of computer-based services to customers, employees, and suppliers

To attain these objectives Cost of IT infrastructure Integration of information, applications, and

platforms Flexibility to respond to business

environments Resilience Service level


Management Opportunities, Management Opportunities, Challenges, and SolutionsChallenges, and SolutionsManagement Opportunities, Management Opportunities, Challenges, and SolutionsChallenges, and Solutions

Management Challenges Making wise infrastructure

investments Choosing and coordinating

infrastructure components Dealing with infrastructure

change Management and governance


Solution GuidelinesSolution GuidelinesSolution GuidelinesSolution Guidelines

Most frequent question that CIOs ask Are we spending too much on IT

infrastructure? Are we spending enough on IT to

keep up with our competitors? How much should our firm spend

on IT infrastructure? Competitive forces model for IT

infrastructure


Solution GuidelinesSolution GuidelinesSolution GuidelinesSolution Guidelines

Total cost of ownership of technology assets

Infrastructure component and cost components Hardware and Software acquisition Installation and Training Support and Maintenance Infrastructure Downtime Space and energy


Questions?Questions?Questions?Questions?


Assignment#6Assignment#6Assignment#6Assignment#6

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