2

Rock ClassificationGeologists classify rocks into three major groups depending on how they are formed:

igneous rock, sedimentary rock, and metamorphic rock.

- Classifying Rocks

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Rock Processes Review

Sedimentary Metamorphic

Igneous

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Igneous Rock Recipe

5. Igneous Rock Serve and Enjoy

2. Place in oven (2,000 C) Add Heat Energy & Melt

+ HeatMinerals

Quartz + Biotite + Feldspar

1. Take some Minerals & Gasses – Mix well

4. Remove from heat, let it Cool & Crystallize (Intrusive/Extrusive)

3. Change Rock to Liquid Phase (Magma)

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Sedimentary Rock Recipe

4. Sedimentation & Deposition

5. Compaction & Cementation

2. Weather (Break Up)

3. Erode (Carry Away)

© Beadle, 2009 Sedimentary Rock

Igneous Rock

1. Start with existing rock at the Surface

Metamorphic Rock Recipe1. Get some pre-formed rock –

Igneous or Sedimentary will do & burry it deep underground.

2a. Add a mild amount

of Heat

(Not too hot)

Note: Add more heat for Igneous Rock

2b. Squeeze to Foliate

3. Cool & (Re)-Crystallize

4. Metamorphic Rock

Gneiss (foliated)

Granite(Igneous)

+ H

EA

T

+ Pressure + Pressure

Class Activity

• Rock Cycle Game

Igneous Rocks

Metamorphic Rocks

Melting

Cooling & Hardening

High Temp & Pressure

Magma(Liquid Rock)

Sedimentary Rocks

Compaction & Cementation

Sediments

Weathering & Erosion

To the Surface

Igneous Rocks

Metamorphic Rocks

Melting

Cooling & Hardening

High Temp & Pressure

Magma(Liquid Rock)

Sedimentary Rocks

Compaction & Cementation

Sediments

Weathering & Erosion

To the Surface

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Rock Processes Review

Sedimentary Metamorphic

Igneous

Linear Process ConnectionIgneous Rock

Take minerals & Add a lot of Heat to Melt

Cool & Crystallize (Extrusive)

Change to Liquid Phase (Magma)

Rise to the Surface

Sedimentation & Deposition

Compaction & Cementation

Weather (Break Up)

Erode (Carry Away)

Sedimentary Rock

Cool & Crystallize (Intrusive)

burry it deep underground

Add Heat & Pressure

(Not too hot)

Cool & (Re)-Crystallize

Metamorphic Rock

What is the Rock Cycle?

Metamorphic Rocks

Igneous Rocks

Sedimentary Rocks

Any rock type can be changed into any of the other two and back again depending on conditions

-The process of rocks changing from one type of rock to another

Hot Magma

Cooler Crust pmpm

© Beadle, 2009

Hot Magma

Regional Metamorphism

(compression)

pmpm

© Beadle, 2009

Rocky Cycle: Point out where metamorphism, igneous & sedimentary rocks are processed & formed.

Cloud

Hot Magma1

4a

5

6

6

5

4b2b pm2a

pm Earthquakes

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Volcanic ExplosionExtrusive Igneous Rock

© Beadle, 2009

Metamorphism

(Pressure)

Rock Cycle Key: Point out where metamorphism, igneous & sedimentary rocks are processed & formed.

Cloud

SedimentarySedimentary

Extrusiv

e Igneous Extrusive Igneous

Intrusive IgneousMetamorphism

Intr

usiv

e Ig

neou

s

Con

tact

M

etam

orph

ism

Regional Metamorphism

© Beadle, 2009

Weathering & Erosion are actively breaking down the mountains & creating sediment

Deposition: minerals from the Granite

spreading out as sand & clay! This makes the soil of the valley

The rock cycle is an active process that you can see just about everywhere outside:

Underneath the surface, sediment is being compacted

& cemented = Sedimentary

The white tops of these mtn’s are granite= Igneous

Rise to The Surface

Weather(Break Up)

Erosion(Carry Away)

Sedimentation& Deposition

CompactionCementation

Heat & Pressure

Melting

Cooling & Crystallizing

1

2

4

5

6

7

8

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What Rock?

What Rock?

What Rock?

Start with Start with some mineralssome minerals

The Rock CycleThe Rock Cycle

Mineral Series in the Rock Cycle

Quartz

Plag

Clay (Sediment)

Sand (Sediment) Sandstone(Sedimentary)

Shale(Sedimentary)

Granite(Igneous)

Quartzite (Metamorphic)

Slate (Metamorphic)

Gneiss (Metamorphic)

Schist(Metamorphic)

Class Activity

• Video: (Start at 15 minutes)

• Crayon Video

• DVD: Bill Nye_Rocks & Soil