2-1 English Kings vs. ParliamentThe birth of Limited Government

Vocabulary Restoration – return of the English

Monarchy Limited Government (Taco Bell)– a type of

government where power is divided between two different people or groups (Democracy, Constitutional Monarchy, Republic)

Unlimited Government (Golden Coral) – a type of government where all the power lies with a small group or one person. (Dictatorship, Communism, Fascism, Nazism, Absolute Monarchy)

Roundheads – (Puritans) supported Parliament & wanted to rid England of the monarchy during the English Civil War

Cavaliers – supporters of Charles I and the monarchy during the English Civil War

The clash with Parliament In the 1500’s Queen Elizabeth had been the

absolute ruler in England. Parliament existed, but Elizabeth had managed to

always get her way by flattering Parliament and manipulating them.

She ruled with complete control, thus having an unlimited government.

When Elizabeth died, she was followed by her cousin James.

King James did not get along with Parliament and fought them over the absolute power that he claimed he possessed.

In 1625 James died and Charles, his son, took the throne.

Charles I and Parliament fought even more. Several times, Charles dissolved Parliament.

Charles and Parliament grew angry at each other. Soon people all over England began taking sides. The people wanted to limit the power of the King.

The puritans in England supported Parliament. They had short hair and were called “roundheads.”

The supporters of Charles I were called Cavaliers.

From 1642 to 1649 the Roundheads and Cavaliers fought in the English Civil War.

The supporters of Parliament wanted to limit the powers of the English King, changing England from an Absolute Monarchy to a Constitutional Monarchy.

Charles I and the Cavaliers wanted the power to stay with the king.

Cromwell

Neither side could win, until Oliver Cromwell took over the Roundhead forces and defeated the Cavaliers in 1646.

King Charles I was captured and sentenced to death.

Charles was publicly executed. Oliver Cromwell was now the leader of

England.

Cromwell’s Rule

Everyone thought that Cromwell would be a fair ruler and give Parliament the power, but he quickly became a military dictator.

He changed England from a Kingdom into a commonwealth.

Cromwell ruled until his death in 1658. When he died his commonwealth collapsed and the English asked King Charles’ son to be the new King of England.

Restoration Monarchy had been restored to England.

Charles II was the King. Following Charles II was James II.

James II was Catholic, which was an outlawed religion in England.

Soon James II offended Parliament by appointing several Catholic friends to high ranking offices.

The English Parliament became scared that England would become a Catholic country.

When James II had his first son, Parliament became very scared, because they knew that his son would inherit the throne.

This would mean that England’s next king would also be a Catholic.

James II had a daughter that had moved to the Netherlands and married a Protestant, William of Orange.

Soon Parliament invited William and his wife Mary to overthrow King James II of England.

Video Clip

Glorious Revolution

Glorious Revolution

Once James II realized that all of England was united against him, he stepped down as King.

He gave the throne to William and Mary. Both William and Mary were Protestant. This event happened without bloodshed.

Video Clip

Glorious Revolution Clip

William and Mary vowed to give Parliament the power that they deserved.

William agreed not to be an Absolute Monarch, but to share power with Parliament. This created a limited government for the first time in England.

It is called a limited government because the King has limited power and parliament has limited power.

This officially changed England from an Absolute Monarch to a Constitutional Monarchy.

A Bill of Rights was established to limit the power of the King and protect the people.

English Bill of Rights

The English Bill of Rights Stated: 1. No suspending of Parliament’s laws 2. No taxes without permission from

Parliament 3. No interfering with free speech

This was the first time England's government was truly limited and the rights of citizens were protected.

Order of English Rulers

Queen Elizabeth (mid 1500’s) King James I (cousin of Elizabeth) King Charles I (son of James I) Oliver Cromwell (dictator) King Charles II (son of Charles I) King James II (son of Charles I brother to Charles

II) William and Mary (early 1700’s) (Mary Daughter

of James II)