The Birth of the Republic

The Seven Kings of Rome

• Romulus• Numa Pompilius• Tullius Hostilius• Ancus Marcius• Tarquin Dynasty– Tarquinius Priscus– Servius Tullius– Tarquinius Superbus

Tarquinius Priscus (616 – 579BC)• wealthy businessman• guardian of Ancus’

sons• expansion of Senate• ludi Romani• Circus Maximus• triumph (aquila)• adoption of Servius

Tullius• regicide and

Tanaquil’s manipulation

THINK PAIR SHARE:What is your impression of the first

Tarquin?

Servius Tullius (578 – 534BC)• Census• comitia centuriata– Equestrians (12)– 1st Class (80)– 2nd, 3rd, 4th (20 each)– 5th (30)– Proles (1)• temple to Diana• Lucius & Tullia Prima

and Aruns & Tullia Secunda

• Desecration of Servius

Lucius Tarquinius Superbus (534 – 509BC)

• Cloaca Maxima• Iuppiter

Capitolinus• Indifference

towards the Senate

• Reign of Terror• Purge• Council of Latium• Books of the Sibyl

Rape of Lucretia• Sextus Tarquinius• Tarquinius Collatinus • Ardea• “Be still, Lucretia! I am Sextus Tarquinius. My sword is in

my hand. Utter a sound, and you die!”• threat of disgrace• father and husband arrive with a “trusted friend” (Lucius

Junius Brutus)• “for my own part, though I acquit myself of the sin, I do not

absolve myself from punishment; nor in time to come shall ever unchaste woman live through the example of Lucretia”

“By this blood, most chaste until a prince wronged it, I swear, and I take you, gods, to witness, that I will pursue Lucius Tarquinius Superbus and his wicked wife and all his children, with sword, with fire, aye with whatsoever violence I may; and that I will suffer neither them nor any other to be king in Rome!”

THINK PAIR SHARE:To what extent do you believe the story of Tarquin Superbus is based

on fact?

Overthrow of Monarchy• mutiny at Ardea• 509BC• establishment of

the consulship (toga praetexta, faces)

• Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus, and Lucius Junius Brutus

• Oath before Iuppiter

• resignation of Collatinus

• election of Publius Valerius

• coniuratio of Brutus’ sons

• Tarquin and the Veii• Death of Brutus• Publicola

Lars Porsenna

Horatius Mucius Scaevola

Latin League

• Lavinium• Battle of Lake

Regillus • Aulus Postumius,

Dictator

THINK PAIR SHARE:What precedents were established

by Brutus and Collatinus? What important themes and beliefs

change during this revolution from monarchy to republic; what

important themes and beliefs remain consistent?