A) kingdom and phylumB) phylum and speciesC) kingdom and genusD) genus and species

1. In the binomial system of nomenclature, which twoclassification groups provide the scientific name of anorganism?

A) all cells have nuclei that contain geneticinformation

B) living organisms are composed of cells that arisefrom preexisting cells

C) all cells regenerate and contain the same basicstructures

D) organisms that lack certain organelles reproduce bybinary fission

2. The cell theory states that

A) The mitochondria produce enzymes, and ribosomestransport them.

B) The ribosomes make proteins, and the nucleusstores genetic information.

C) The cell membrane make enzymes, and cytoplasmtransports them.

D) The vacuole stores genetic information, andchloroplasts make proteins.

3. Which cell structures are correctly paired with theirfunctions?

A) ribosome–protein synthesisB) mitochondrion–movementC) vacuole–cell divisionD) nucleus–storage of nutrients

4. Which cell structure is correctly paired with its primaryfunction?

A) have a smaller demand for cell proteins than themuscle cells of nonathletes

B) reproduce less frequently than the muscle cells ofnonathletes

C) have nuclei containing more DNA than nuclei inthe muscle cells of nonathletes

D) have a greater demand for energy than the musclecells of nonathletes

5. Muscle cells in athletes often have more mitochondriathan muscle cells in nonathletes. Based on thisobservation, it can be inferred that the muscle cells inathletes

A) a nucleus B) chloroplastsC) a cell membrane D) centrioles

6. One difference between plant and animal cells is thatanimal cells do not have

A) eliminate some organellesB) make cell structures more visibleC) use the high-power lensD) remove water from the slid

7. A wet-mount slide preparation of a specimen is stainedin order to

A) The nucleus B) The cytoplasmC) The cell membrane D) The cell wall

8. What cellular structure must oxygen cross to get fromthe outside to the inside of an animal cell?

A) it is a large organic food molecule such as proteinor starch

B) it is enclosed in an organelle such as a vacuoleC) the concentration of the substance is greater outside

the cell than insideD) the pH of the substance is greater than the pH of the

cell

9. A substance is most likely to diffuse into a cell when

A) substance A to enter the cell B) substance B to enter the cellC) both substances to enter the cell D) neither substance to enter the cell

10. The diagram below shows two different kinds of substances, A and B, entering a cell.

ATP is most likely being used for

11. Base your answer to the following question on Aninvestigation was set up to study the movement of waterthrough a membrane. The results are shown in thediagram below.

A) The red blood cells will absorb water and increasein size.

B) The red blood cells will lose water and decrease insize.

C) The red blood cells will first absorb water, thenlose water and maintain their normal size.

D) The red blood cells will first lose water, thenabsorb water, and finally double in size.

Based on these results, which statement correctlypredicts what will happen to red blood cells when theyare placed in a beaker containing a water solution inwhich the salt concentration is much higher than the saltconcentration in the red blood cells?

12. Base your answer to the following question on The diagram below represents movement of a largemolecule across a membrane.

A) active transport B) diffusionC) protein building D) gene manipulation

Which process is best represented in this diagram?

13. Base your answer to the following question on Abiologist observed a plant cell in a drop of water asshown in diagram A. The biologist added a 10% saltsolution to the slide and observed the cell as shown indiagram B.

A) more salt moving out of the cell than into the cellB) more salt moving into the cell than out of the cellC) more water moving into the cell than out of the

cellD) more water moving out of the cell than into the

cell

The change in appearance of the cell resulted from

A) osmosis B) cyclosisC) active transport D) passive transport

14. Which process would include a net movement of sugarmolecules through a membrane from a region of lowerconcentration to a region of higher concentration?

15. Base your answer to the following question on Thediagram below represents a plant cell in tap water asseen with a compound light microscope.

A) B)

C) D)

Which diagram best represents the appearance of thecell after it has been placed in a 15% salt solution fortwo minutes?

16. Base your answer to the following question on Thediagram below represents a cell in water. Formulas ofmolecules that can move freely across the cellmembrane are shown. Some molecules are locatedinside the cell and others are in the water outside thecell.

A) The concentration of O2 will increase inside thecell.

B) The concentration of CO2 will remain the sameinside the cell.

C) The concentration of O2 will remain the sameoutside the cell.

D) The concentration of CO2 will decrease outside thecell.

Based on the distribution of these molecules, whatwould most likely happen after a period of time?

A) chloroplasts and vacuolesB) cell walls and ribosomesC) chloroplasts and mitochondriaD) ribosomes and mitochondria

17. Plant cells can synthesize energy-rich organicmolecules, and later break them down to extract thatenergy for performing life processes. These activitiesrequire direct interaction between the

A) carbon dioxide moves in; oxygen moves outB) carbon dioxide and oxygen move in; ozone moves

outC) oxygen moves in; nitrogen moves outD) water and ozone move in; carbon dioxide moves

out

18. Leaves of green plants contain openings known asstomates, which are opened and closed by specializedcells allowing for gas exchange between the leaf andthe outside environment. Which phrase best representsthe net flow of gases involved in photosynthesis intoand out of the leaf through these openings on a sunnyday?

A) starch, which is metabolized into less complexmolecules by dehydration synthesis

B) protein, which is metabolized into less complexmolecules by dehydration synthesis

C) glycerol, which is metabolized into more complexcarbohydrates by dehydration synthesis

D) glucose, which is metabolized into more complexcarbohydrates by dehydration synthesis

19. What does the process of photosynthesis produce?

A) glucose and waterB) oxygen and chlorophyllC) carbon dioxide and waterD) carbon dioxide and oxygen

20. Which substances must a green plant obtain from itsenvironment to carry on photosynthesis?

21. Base your answer to the following question on Thediagram below illustrates the movement of materialsinvolved in a process that is vital for the energy needsof organisms.

A) chloroplasts B) mitochondriaC) ribosomes D) vacuoles

The process illustrated occurs within

22. Base your answer to the following question on Thediagram below represents events associated with abiochemical process that occurs in some organisms.

A) The process represented is respiration and theprimary source of energy for the process is theSun.

B) The process represented is photosynthesis and theprimary source of energy for the process is theSun.

C) This process converts energy in organiccompounds into solar energy which is releasedinto the atmosphere.

D) This process uses solar energy to convert oxygeninto carbon dioxide.

Which statement concerning this process is correct?

A) transpiration B) respirationC) fermentation D) photosynthesis

23. By which process are CO2 and H2O converted tocarbohydrates?

A) increase heterotrophic nutritionB) absorb mineralsC) regulate water lossD) reduce seed production

24. The diagram below represents a change in guard cellsthat open and close pores in a plant.

This change directly helps to

A) maintain homeostasis by controlling water lossB) store excess heat during the day and remove the

heat at nightC) absorb light energy necessary for cellular

respirationD) detect changes in the biotic factors present in the

environmen

25. The diagram below represents changes in the sizes ofopenings present in leaves as a result of the actions ofcells X and Y.

The actions of cells X and Y help the plant to

A) endoplasmic reticulumB) mitochondriaC) ribosomesD) chloroplast function

26. Which organelle is the site of cellular respiration?

27. Which structures in the diagram below enable theobserver to identify it as a plant cell?

A) A and B B) B and CC) A and C D) B and D

28. Base your answer to the following question on the laboratory setup illustrated below and on yourknowledge of biology.

A) carbohydrate synthesisB) active transportC) diffusionD) dehydration

This laboratory setup would most likely be used todemonstrate

A) Sugars B) FatsC) Genetic material D) Enzymes

29. Which class of molecules is responsible for speeding upchemical reactions?

A) fatsB) mineralsC) biological catalystsD) complex carbohydrates

30. Plants such as the Venus flytrap produce chemicalcompounds that break down insects into substances thatare usable by the plant. The chemical compounds thatbreak down the insects are most likely

31. Base your answer to the following question on Thediagram below represents a series of reactions that canoccur in an organism.

A) enzymes and synthesisB) amino acids and glucoseC) antigens and immunityD) ribosomes and sugars

This diagram best illustrates the relationship between

32. Base your answer to the following question on the information and graph below and on your knowledge of biology.

The pH of the internal environment of lysosomes (organelles that contain digestive enzymes) isapproximately 4.5, while the pH of the surrounding cytoplasm is approximately 7. The average pH ofthe human stomach during digestion is approximately 2.5, while the average pH of the small intestineduring digestion is about 8. The graph below shows how pH affects the enzyme activity of four different enzymes, A, B, C, and D.

A) A B) B C) C D) D

Which enzyme functions best in a pH environment most similar to that of human stomach enzymes?

A) It would be broken down.B) Its activity would slow down.C) Its shape would change.D) It would no longer act as an enzyme.

33. Meat tenderizer contains an enzyme that interacts withmeat. If meat is coated with tenderizer and then placedin a refrigerator for a short time, how would theenzyme be affected?

34. Base your answer to the following question on the graph below and your knowledge of biology.

A) 1 B) 5 C) 3 D) 13

Neither enzyme works at a pH of

A) shapes of the molecules involvedB) number of molecules involvedC) sequence of bases present in ATPD) amount of glucose present in the cell

35. The enzyme amylase will affect the breakdown ofcarbohydrates, but it will not affect the breakdown ofproteins. The ability of an enzyme molecule to interactwith specific molecules is most directly determined bythe

A) ATP B) DNAC) sunlight D) starch

36. The energy used to obtain, transfer, and transportmaterials within an organism comes directly from

A) a hormone B) starchC) nitrogen D) carbon dioxide

37. A student prepared a test tube containing yeast, glucose,and water. After 24 hours, the test tube was analyzedfor the presence of several substances.

What substance would the student expect to find ifrespiration occurred in the test tube?

A) carbon atoms B) oxygen atomsC) chemical bonds D) inorganic nitrogen

38. Which part of a molecule provides energy for lifeprocesses?

A) digestion B) excretionC) respiration D) circulation

39. Which process is directly responsible for the synthesisof adenosine triphosphate molecules?

A) water and oxygenB) pyruvic acid and glycerolC) nitrogen gas and ammoniaD) alcohol and carbon dioxide

40. What are possible products of certain types of anaerobicrespiration?

A) aerobic B) anaerobicC) heterotrophic D) saprophytic

41. Which term best defines a bacteria that can survivewithout oxygen?

A) aerobic respirationB) anaerobic respirationC) photosynthesisD) photolysis

42. What process may cause lactic acid to form?

A) animal is not adapted to the use of glucoseB) number of mitochondria in the muscle cells has

increasedC) animal carries on a complex form of respiration

during daylight hoursD) muscle cells have been active during a period of

oxygen deficiency

43. The presence of lactic acid in the cells of an animal'smuscle tissue is an indication that the

44. Base your answer to the following question on the information below and on your knowledge of biology.

A wet-mount slide of red onion cells is studied using a compound light microscope. A drawing ofone of the cells as seen under high power is shown below.

Describe the proper way to add a saltwater solution to the cells without removing the coverslip.

45. Base your answer to the following question on thediagrams below and on your knowledge of biology.

List the laboratory procedures to follow that wouldcause the cells in diagram 1 to resemble the cells indiagram 2.

Base your answers to questions 46 and 47 on the information below and on your knowledge of biology

Yeast cells carry out the process of cellular respiration as shown in the equation below.

An investigation was carried out to determine the effect of temperature on the rate of cellularrespiration in yeast. Five experimental groups, each containing five fermentation tubes, were set up.The fermentation tubes all contained the same amounts of water, glucose, and yeast. Each group of fivetubes was placed in a water bath at a different temperature. After 30 minutes, the amount of gasproduced (D) in each fermentation tube was measured in milliliters. The average for each group wascalculated. A sample setup and the data collected are shown below.

46. Plot the data from the data table. Surround each point with a small circle, and connect the points.

47. Mark an appropriate scale on each labeled axis.

Biology (Living Environment)

Name _________________ Class _________________ Date _________

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35.

36.37.38.39.40.41.42.43.44.45.46.47.