Body Systems

Everything I do I do it for you!

Cells-Tissues-Organs-Body Systems

C. Groups of cells which perform similar functions form tissues.

D. Tissues are then organized into sets to form whole organs.

E. When organs work together to perform specific tasks, they are called body systems.

How Do Cells Work?1. A cell is a self contained living unit

which depends on the body to supply its needs.

2. Every cell works in cooperation with each other to support the whole body.

3. The cell’s genes provide the blueprint for what the cell will specifically do.

4. The genes are contained in the cell’s nucleus and are bound as chromosomes.

1) Integumentary System

Includes your skin, hair, nails and sweat glands

Skin is the primary organ in this system and is the largest organ in your body.

Serves to waterproof and protect your body, sensory, temp. regulation and vitamin D production

(in-teg-u-men-ta-ry)

2) Skeletal System

Made up of bones, ligaments and tendons

Works with the muscular system to produce movement

Bones release minerals into the blood when they are needed by other body systems and produces white and red blood cells.

3) Muscular System

Made up of muscles Muscles respond to messages

from the nervous system. Works with the skeletal system to

produce movement

4) Nervous System

Made up of nerve cells Communicates with all other body

systems Directs activities of all the systems

and receives information about the conditions in all other systems.

5) Digestive System

Made up of teeth, mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine and rectum

Breaks down food into nutrients Delivers nutrients to the circulatory

system

6) Circulatory System Made up of the heart and blood

vessels Pumps blood and carries oxygen

and nutrients to all other systems It cleanses the systems of their

wastes Carries messages to the hormonal

system Cells are made in the skeletal

system

7) Urinary System

Made up of kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra

Works with the circulatory system to maintain fluid and chemical balance in the body

Filters cellular waste out of the blood into the urine for removal

8) Respiratory System

Made up of structures in the nose and mouth, trachea, lungs and diaphragm

Delivers oxygen to the circulatory system and removes carbon dioxide

Responds to nervous system to perform it’s tasks

9) Immune System

Made up of structures in your blood

Protects all other body systems from infection

Cells travel through the circulatory system and through all body tissues

10) Hormonal/Endocrine System

Communicates with many body systems to direct their activities

Monitors the blood for indicators of body conditions

Receives information and directions from the nervous system

11) Reproductive System

Works with nervous and hormonal systems to establish sex of each human being

Responds to nerves, hormones and muscles in creating new human beings

Define And/Or Recognize Examples Of Stress And Homeostasis

Homeostasis

Homeostasis is defined as a state of dynamic constancy which represents a state of well being, health or normality.

Examples of homeostasis include: a normal blood pH of 7.35 to 7.45, a normal blood glucose range of 70-120 mg/100 ml of blood, or a normal blood pressure range of 100-140 mmHg systolic to 60-90 mmHg diastolic.

Stress

Stress is defined as some event or condition that disrupts homeostasis.

Examples of stress include disease, loss of negative feedback control, abnormal conditions such as hyperglycemia (high blood glucose), acidosis (excess hydrogen ions), etc.

Acid-Base Homeostasis

Carotid and aortic bodies in the neck and heart monitor hydrogen ion concentration (pH) in the blood. If blood pH drops below 7.35 (acidosis), these receptors send signals to the medulla of the brain.

The medulla acts a controller to activate respiratory muscles .

The respiratory muscles act as effectors to increase breathing which raises pH.

Blood Glucose Homeostasis If Blood glucose exceeds 120 mg

%, the beta cell of the pancreas acts as a sensor and control center to evaluate the high blood glucose. The beta cell then releases insulin which acts an effector to increase blood glucose transfer into body cells. This process reduces blood glucose and corrects high blood glucose (hyperglycemia).