1987 montreal protocol on substances that deplete the
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NATALIE MILETIC 1987 Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer
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Transcript of 1987 montreal protocol on substances that deplete the
NATALIE MILETIC
1987 Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the
Ozone Layer
Creation of Earth’s Atmosphere
Creation of Earth’s Atmosphere
The Atmosphere
Ahrens, D.C. (2003). Meteorology today: an introduction to weather, climate, and the environment. CA, United States of America: Thompson Learning, pp 3
The Ozone layer
Ozone Depleting Compounds
A FAMILY OF MAN-MADE COMPOUNDS THAT HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO DEPLETE
THE STRATOSPHERIC OZONE
Ozone Depleting Compounds
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)HalonCarbon tetrachloride, Methyl chloroformHydrobromofluorocarbons (HBFCs)Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs)Methyl bromideBromochloromethane (BCM)
History of ODCs and the Environment
1928 Thomas Midgley invents CFCs
UNEP 2000 ‘the Ozone Story’
1970s- the turning point
1970- James Lovelock1974- Sherwood Rowland and Mario Molina
and “the early warning’
UNEP 2000 ‘the Ozone Story’
History of the Atmosphere and Policies
UNEP 2000 ‘the Ozone Story’
1975-1977
June 1975 Oregon state legislatureWorld Meteorological Organization1977 UNEP drafts the World plan of Action
on the Ozone Layer
1978-1984
1978: United States, Canada, Sweden and Norway enact total bans of non essential CFC use
UNEP 2000 ‘the Ozone Story’
1985- THE OZONE HOLE
Joe Farman, Brian Gardiner and Jonathan Shanklin of the British Antarctic Survey
UNEP 2000 ‘the Ozone Story’
1985- Vienna Conference
UNEP 2000 ‘the Ozone Story’
1987 Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone
Layer
The Montreal Protocol- Provisions
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), halons, carbon tetrachloride, and methyl chloroform--are to be phased out by 2000 (2005 for methyl chloroform)
Freeze at 1986 levels in mid 1989 and 20% cut in 1993
Production and consumption of CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, CFC-114, CFC- 115 were to be reduced by 50% of the 1986 levels by 1998
Production of halon-1211, halon-1301 and halon-2402 were to be brought back to 1986 levels by 1992
Montreal Protocol- Developing Countries
“Article 5 Countries”Given additional 10 years to complyAllowed to increase consumption by 0.3kg
per capita in the interim
Montreal Protocol-other information
UNEP 2000 ‘the Ozone Story’
London Amendment 1990
UNEP 2000 ‘the Ozone Story’
Copenhagen Amendment 1992
UNEP 2000 ‘the Ozone Story’
Montreal Amendment 1997
UNEP 2000 ‘the Ozone Story’
Beijing Amendment 1999
UNEP 2000 ‘the Ozone Story’
Conclusion
UNEP 2000 ‘the Ozone Story’
Sources
Ahrens, D.C. Meteorology today: an introduction to weather, climate, and the environment. CA, United States of America: Thompson Learning, 2003.
Environment Canada, Ozone Science 2007: a Canadian contribution to the twentieth anniversary of the Montreal Protocol. C.T. McElroy and D.R. Francis. 2007.
Makhijani, A., Gurney, R.A. Mending the Ozone Hole: science, Technology, and Policy. Cambridge: the MIT Press, 1995.
UNEP, "The Ozone Story." 2000.ozone.unep.org/Events/EDs_pres_ozoneday.ppt (accessed November 9, 2010).
UNEP, “Ozone Secretariat: Evolution of the Montreal Protocol.” 2004. http://ozone.unep.org/Ratification_status/evolution_of_mp.shtml (accessed November 9, 2010).
US EPA, “Glossary of Climate Change terms.” 2009. http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/glossary.html#O (accessed November 21, 2010).
Volders, G.J.M., Anderson, S.O., Daniel, J.S. Fahey, D.W., McFarland, M. "The importance of the Montreal Protocol in protecting climate." PNAS 104, no. 12 (2007): 4814-4819.
