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AGEDA

Bac!ground

"ndustry Dri#ers

Application $ypes % &otential$ransportation

&ortable

Stationary

&roduct Application $imeline Current De#elopments in Columbia

'uestions

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Ho- do Fuel Cells -or!,

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Sources o. Hydrogen

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Hydrogen &roduction $oday

Natural Ga

48%

Coal, 18%

US Department of Energy

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Components o. a Fuel Cell

INVERTERHYDROGEN

RICH GAF!E" IN#!$

HEA$RECO%ERY

Heat use& 'or Fuel Re'or(i)* A&&itio)al Heat

F!E"CE""

FuelRe'or(er

Co)+ertsto

H,&ro*e)

O-YGEN .AIR/

AC #OWERO!$#!$

DC #OWERO!$#!$

WA$ER

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E0amples o. Fuel Cell

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1o- or o dangerous emissions

Higher e..iciencies

Constant and consistent po-er

o 2o#ing &arts

&ortable .uel cell systems much lighter thanbatteries

Smaller than regular batteries

Bene.its o. Fuel

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$ransportation and storage o. .uels 3Hydrogen

gas4

1ac! o. "n.rastructure

Energy needed to produce Hydrogen .rom

*ater 1arge amounts o. hydrogen needed to meet

energy needs

Consumer mistrust

High Cost

Currently do not ha#e hydrogen productionca acit

1imitations o. Fuel Cells

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*ho is in#ol#ed,

Based on 5667 data

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PWC Survey 2006

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PWC Survey 2006

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PWC Survey 2007

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US Cen!u! "ureau 2002 # PWC 2007

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INFRA$R!C$!RE

$ORAGE

REEARCH

DE%E"O#EN$HYDROGEN

#ROD!C$ION

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H

YDROGEN

#ROD!

C$ION

US/South Korea Nuclear

Hydrogen Program ExampleNu$%ear &y'rogen (o)nt Deve%opmentCenter )n Dae*eon # San D)ego&eat e%e$tro%y!)! at +00,C -to'ay ./0,C

&eat

Water

&2

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INFR

A2

$R

!C$!

RE0

$O

RAGE

H,&ro "i)&e Aral

Research

Leaders(apan

1ermany

US

&2 E$onomy Ca!e Stu'y3 I$e%an'

&4T&NE 5ue% -20 &2 +0 1a!

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$ypes o. ApplicationR0D

#ortar,

25%

Gloal 4ri+ate se6tor resear68

Fuel Cell "ndustry 8esearch

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$ransportation

966 .uel cell po-ered #ehicle prototypes-orld-ide

3B2*+ Daihatsu+ DaimlerChrysler+ Fiat+Ford+ G2+ Honda+ Hyundai+ 2A:eoplan+

2azda+ 2itsubishi+ issan:8enault+ &SA+Suzu!i+ $oyota+ ;*:Audi4

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Cost Analysis

Cost o. producing Hydrogen> $1.5 to $3.5per kg *ithout compression+ storage or deli#ery costs Highly dependent on natural gas+ electricity prices

and economies o. scale Estimated cost at pump> $20 per kg 1kg of Hydrogen = Energy content of

1gal gasoline 3at 50 e..iciency4E..ecti#e cost at pump> $10 per kg&rice o. a#erage hydrogen po-ered car3internal combustion4> Sticker + $50,000?6+666 miles cost o. H5 car abo#e regular car>

So%arTo'ayorg89SN$om

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*here to .ill up your hydrogenr,

2;; &2!tat)on!

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Future (utloo!

A#erage Annual E0pected Sales o.&E2FC:S&FC .or 1ight@Duty ;ehicles

= >.0000 per fue% $e%% ? 7@0000 veA)$%e!

Fuel Cell "ndustry 8esearch

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Current &roducts>

"nmanned #erial Systems "#S%

Current Status>

2 models in c&rrent &se

Future 2ar!et>

DoD in#esting 1.' (illion in "#S% ne)t 5 years

Bene.its>

1o- noise+ 1o- heat*&n time do&(lecompared to alternati#es

Source> 2illenium Cell 35664

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Current &roducts>Soldier oer!2-o&r, 30-50 att poer so&rce%

Current Status>roack /-50

Future 2ar!et>Estimated 200 million dollar ann&al market.

Bene.its>1ighter in -eight1ess e0pensi#e compared to alternati#es/

Source> 2illenium Cell 35664

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Current &roducts>E)tended *&ntime #dapter

Current Status>

* adoo oer%"n commercialization/

Future 2ar!et>Hurricane atrina pushed demands

.or more reliable energy sources .or .irst responders/

Bene.its>1ight-eight+ e0tended runtime/

Source> Jadoo &o-er 35664

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Future &roducts>1aptops+ cell phones+ mobile de#ices/

Current Status>

"n de#elopmental+ 8%D Stages&mero&s prototypes.

Future 2ar!et>Dependent upon .uel cell technology gro-th

compared to (attery tecnology.

Bene.its>1ight-eight+ e0tended runtime/

Source> Jadoo &o-er 35664

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Current &roducts>Bac!@up generators 3industrial+ small@business4Distributed &o-er

Current Status>'4 million dollar market 200%

Future 2ar!et>E)pected to reac 1.' (illion (y 2012.

Bene.its>8eliability+ lo-@maintenance+ longer operating li.e/

Source> Ballard &o-er 35664+ *inter Green 8esearch 356674

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&roduct Application $imeline

Stationary

orta(le

ransportation

2009

2009

2009

2010

2010

2010 2020

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H5 Fuel Cells in Columbia+

/&rrent roects

"nno#ista

Fuel Cell South

&almetto Fuel Cell $echnologies

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H F l C ll

:!E$ION;67ater ill (e te coal of te f&t&re,6 &les

Penn!y%van)a State Un)ver!)ty