14.3: The Periodic Table
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Transcript of 14.3: The Periodic Table
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14.3: The Periodic Table
Review of Elements and Symbols
The Periodic Table
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Elements
Pure substances that cannot be separated into different substances by ordinary processes
Are the building blocks of matter
115 elements known todayExamples: carbon
goldcalcium
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Symbols of Elements
Use 1, 2 or 3 letter abbreviations Capitalize the first letter only
Examples:
C carbon Co cobalt
N nitrogen Ca calcium
F fluorine Br bromine
O oxygen Mg magnesium
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% Major Elements in the Body
O 65.0 % K 0.34
C 18.0 S 0.26
H 10.0 Na 0.14
N 3.0 Cl 0.14
Ca 1.4 Fe 0.004
P 1.0 Zn 0.003
Mg 0.50
Trace Elements
As, Cr, Co, Cu, F, I, Mn, Mo, Ni, Se, Si, V
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Learning Check
Select the correct symbol for each:
A. Calcium
1) C 2) Ca 3) CA
B. Sulfur
1) S 2) Sl 3) Su
C. Iron
1) Ir 2) FE 3) Fe
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Solution
Select the correct symbol for each:
A. Calcium
2) Ca
B. Sulfur
1) S
C. Iron
3) Fe
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Learning Check
Select the correct name for each:
A. N
1) neon 2) nitrogen 3) nickelB. P
1) potassium 2) phlogiston3) phosphorus
C. Ag
1) silver 2) agean 3) gold
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Solution
Select the correct name for each:
A. N
2) nitrogen B. P
3) phosphorus
C. Ag
1) silver
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Periodic Table
The periodic table is an arrangement of the elements according to similarities in their chemical and physical properties.
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Physical Properties
The characteristics of a substance that can be observed without changing the substance.
ColorSizeShapeDensityFreezing and Boiling PointsOdor
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Groups of Elements
Vertical columns on the periodic table
Similar physical properties
Similar chemical properties
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Groups on the Periodic Table
1 2 13 14 15 16 17 18
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Representative Groups
Group 1 Alkali Metals
Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metals
Group 17 Halogens
Group 18 Noble Gases
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Location of Some Groups
1 2 13 14 15 16 17 18
Al mk ea tl ai l s
Alkaline
Halogens
I Gn ae sr et s
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Periods on the Periodic Table
Horizontal rows from Period 1 to Period 7.
Numbered 1, 2, 3, ….
Include representative elements and transition
elements
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Periods on the Periodic Table
1
2
3
4
5
6
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Learning Check
A. Element in Group 17, Period 4 1) Br 2) Cl 3) Mn
B. Element in Group 2, Period 3
1) beryllium2) magnesium 3) boron
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Solution
A. Element in Group 17, period 4 1) Br
B. Element in Group 2, Period 3
2) magnesium
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Metals, Nonmetals and Metalloids
NONMETALS
METALS
METALLOIDS
Transition metals
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Metals and Nonmetals
Metals Located to the left of the heavy line Ductile, malleableGood conductors of heat and electricity
NonmetalsLocated to the right of the heavy lineDull and brittlePoor conductors, good insulators
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Located along both sides of the “staircase” Means metal-likeSolids that can be shiny or dullConduct heat and electricity better than
nonmetals but not as well as metalsArsenic, antimony, germanium, tellurium,
polonium, silicon and boron
Metalloids
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Learning Check
Specify metal (1) or nonmetal (2) for each:
A. sulfur ____
B. chlorine ____
C. sodium ____
D. iron ____
E. carbon ____
F. silver ____
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Solution
Specify metal (1) or nonmetal (2) for each:
A. sulfur 2
B. chlorine 2
C. sodium 1
D. iron 1
E. carbon 2
F. silver 1
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Circular Periodic Table
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3-D Periodic Table
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Spiral Periodic Table
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Zig-Zag Periodic Table
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Pyramidal Periodic Table
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Triangular Periodic Table
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Learning Check
Select the correct elements:
A. Metals in Group 141) Sn, Pb 2) C, Si 3) C, Si, Ge, Sn
B. Nonmetals in Group 151) As, Sb, Bi 2) N, P 3) N, P, As, Sb
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Solution
A. Metals in Group 14 1) Sn, Pb
B. Nonmetals in Group 152) N, P
Alkali Metals
• Highly Reactive
• Form Positive Ions (1+)• Combine (form compounds) with Halogens
in Group 17 (because the Halogens form Negative Ions 1-)
• Soft, Shiny
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Alkaline Earth Metals
• Very Reactive (but not as much as the Alkali metals)
• Form Positive Ions (2+)• Combine with Group 16 (because they form
Negative Ions 2-)
• Fairly hard, gray-white
• Good Conductors
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Transition Metals
• Hard and Shiny
• Good Conductors
• Form Colorful Compounds
• Less reactive than Groups 1 and 2
• Familiar metals like Iron, Copper, Nickel, Silver, Gold
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Other Metals
• Least Reactive metals
• Still good conductors
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True or False
• A malleable material can be pounded into shapes.True• Most metals react with atoms of other elements by
losing electrons.True• The reactivity of metals tends to increase from left to
right across the periodic table.False• Elements heavier than Uranium are not found in nature.True