The Periodic Table Section 1: Introduction to the Periodic Table.

The Periodic TableThe Periodic Table

Section 1: Introduction to the Periodic Table

Section 1: Introduction to the Periodic Table

Skim Section 1 of your book. Write three questions that come to mind from reading the headings and looking at the

illustrations.

Skim Section 1 of your book. Write three questions that come to mind from reading the headings and looking at the

illustrations.

1. How was the periodic table developed?

2. What are metals, nonmetals and metalloids?

3. How is the periodic table organized?

1. How was the periodic table developed?

2. What are metals, nonmetals and metalloids?

3. How is the periodic table organized?

New VocabularyNew Vocabulary

column of elements in the periodic table that have similar physical or chemical properties.

element that shares some properties with metals and some with nonmentals

element in Groups 1, 2, or 13-18

element that has a shiny luster, is a good conductor of heat and electricity, is malleable, and is ductile

element in Groups 3-12

element that is usually a gas or brittle solid at room temperature and does not conduct heat and electricity well

row of elements in the periodic table whose properties change gradually

group

metalloid

representativeelement

metal

transition metal

nonmetal

period

Section 1: Introduction to Periodic Table


History of the Periodic TableHistory of the Periodic Table

AA. Arranged elements according to increasing atomic . Arranged elements according to increasing atomic massmassBB. Placed elements with similar properties in groups. Placed elements with similar properties in groups

CC. Left spaces for predicted missing elements. Left spaces for predicted missing elements

II. Moseley’s contributionsII. Moseley’s contributions

AA. Arranged elements according to atomic number. Arranged elements according to atomic numberBB. Showed how many elements had not yet been . Showed how many elements had not yet been found.found.

I. Mendeleev’s contributionsI. Mendeleev’s contributions



DistinguishDistinguish a a periodperiod from a from a groupgroup by completing the by completing the sentences.sentences.

A period A period is is

A group is A group is

a row of a row of elements. elements.

column of elements with similar column of elements with similar properties. properties.

MetalsMetals NonmetalsNonmetals MetalloidsMetalloids

• shinyshiny• malleable malleable (hammer)(hammer)• ductile (wires)ductile (wires)• good conductorgood conductor of heat, electricityof heat, electricity• solidssolids

• dulldull• brittle (break)brittle (break)• not good not good conductorsconductors• many are gasesmany are gases

• share some share some properties withproperties withmetals and somemetals and somewith nonmetalswith nonmetals• semimetalsemimetal

HydrogenHydrogen element nameelement name11 atomic numberatomic numbersymbolsymbol

atomic massatomic mass1.0081.008 state of matterstate of matter

LABELLABEL the block below with the information you the block below with the information you would find about hydrogen in its element key.would find about hydrogen in its element key.

GROUPS

PERIODS

1

2

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

13 14 15 16 17

18

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

REPRESENTATIVE ELEMENTS

TRANSITION ELEMENTS

INNER TRANSITION ELEMENTS

Section 2: Representative Elements

1

2 13 14 15 16 17

18

Section 2 Representative Elements

A. Groups 1 and 2 are __________________ metals found in nature combined with other elements although hydrogen is placed in Group 1, it is not a metal and shares properties with Groups 1 & 17.

1. ______________________ - silvery solids with low densities and low melting points; they increase in reactivity from top to bottom of the periodic table.

2. _______________________________ are denser, harder, have higher melting points and are slightly less active than alkali metals in the same period.

B. Groups 13 through 18 may contain ___________________, _______________________, or

__________________________ in solid, liquid, or gas form.

1. The ______________________ elements in Group 13 are all metals, except for boron, which is a metalloid; these elements are used in a variety of products.

2. The ______________________ are all metalloids or metals, except for carbon itself.

A. Carbon is found in all _____________________________ and exists in several forms.

B. Silicon and germanium are used in electronics as ____________________________.

C. Tin and ____________________ are the two heaviest elements in Group 14.

ACTIVE

ALKALI METALS

ALKALINE EARTH METALS

METALS NONMETALS

METALLOIDS

BORON FAMILY

CARBON GROUP

LIVING THINGS

SEMICONDUCTORS

LEAD


3. The _____________________________ contains nitrogen and phosphorus, which are required by living things and which are used in industry.

4. The _____________________________ contains oxygen and sulfur, which are essential for life and used to manufacture many products.

5. The _____________________________ elements form salts with sodium and with the other alkali metals.

6. The ________________________ rarely combine with other elements; they are often used in lighting and inflating balloons.

NITROGEN GROUP

OXYGEN FAMILY

HALOGEN GROUP

NOBLE GASES

Groups 1 and 2: Summarize the properties of the alkali metals.

DensityDensity

Color & Color & StateState

AlkaliAlkaliMetalsMetals

Melting Melting PointPoint

ReactivityReactivity

LOWLOW

SILVERY SOLIDSSILVERY SOLIDS LOWLOW

HIGH; INCREASES FROM TOP TO BOTTOM

HIGH; INCREASES FROM TOP TO BOTTOM

Compare and contrast: the alkaline earth metals and the alkali metals.The alkaline earth metals are harder, denser and have higher melting points than the alkali metals. The alkali metals are more reactive.

All the elements in group 13 are ____________ except

_____________, which is a metalloid. The elements in this

family are used to make many different things. Pots and

pans made with ______________ can move straight from

the refrigerator to the oven without cracking. ____________

is used to make soft drink cans. ______________, which

will melt in your hands, is used to make computer chips.

Groups 13 through 18: Summarize the information about elements in the Boron Family by filling in the missing words.

METALS

BORON

BORON

ALUMINUM

GALLIUM

COMPARE the elements in the carbon group

Metal, Non-metal, or

Metalloid?

Where it is Found or How it is Used?

Carbon nonmetal

Silicon metalloid

Germanium metalloid

Tin metal

Lead metal

occurs in all living thingsoccurs in all living things

abundant in sandabundant in sand

semiconductors in electronicssemiconductors in electronics

used in toothpasteused in toothpaste

used in X-ray equipmentused in X-ray equipment


Complete the outline to identify important points about certain elements in Groups 15 and 16.

I. Group 15

A. __________________: makes up about 80% of the air you breathe.

B. Phosphorus: ____________________________________________________________.

II. Group 16

A. Oxygen: _________________________________________________________________.

B. __________________: combines with hydrogen and oxygen to make sulfuric acid, one of

of the most commonly used chemicals.

C. Selenium: ________________________________________________________________.

IDENTIFY at least one important fact about each group of elements.

Halogens: _______________________________________________________________________________.

Noble Gases: ______________________________________________________________________________.

NitrogenNitrogen

important for healthy bones and teethimportant for healthy bones and teeth

needed by your body to get energy from foodneeded by your body to get energy from food

SulfurSulfur

conducts electricity when it is in lightconducts electricity when it is in light

makes salts with sodium and other alkali metalsmakes salts with sodium and other alkali metals

often do not combine with other elementsoften do not combine with other elements

Catalyst: Catalyst: substance that can substance that can make something happen faster make something happen faster but is not changed itself.but is not changed itself.

Section 3 Transition Elements

IDENTIFY four key characteristics of the transition elements IDENTIFY four key characteristics of the transition elements including their location in the periodic table.including their location in the periodic table.

1. _________________________________________________________1. _________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________2. _________________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________________3. _________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. _________________________________________________________4. _________________________________________________________

Located in groups 3-12

All are metals

Properties change less across a period for transition elements than they do for representative elements

Most are found combined in ores

Section 3 Transition Elements

Iron TriadIron Triad

What these elements have in common: What these elements have in common: ____________________________________________________

magnetic and other properties

Element: ________ Element: ________ Uses: Uses:

iron

part of hemoglobin; mixed with other metals to make steel


cobalt

used in large magnets


nickel

used in batteries and large magnets

Identify uses of transition elements.

Elements Uses

Tungsten

Mercury

Elements in Platinum Group

used to make filaments in lightbulbs

used in thermometers and barometers

used as catalysts to make electronics, plastics and medicines

Lanthanides Actinides

Properties

Uses

soft metals; cut with a knife; hard to separate

from ores

radioactive; most are synthetic (man-made)

used in flints; color TV screens

fuel in nuclear powerplants; smoke detectors;

kill cancer cells

Compare and Contrast the lanthanides and actinides

Using a particle accelerator scientists make ____________________________

_____________________________________________. The nuclei

___________________________ to form _________________________________.

Some of these elements are _________________________ and last only

_____________________________________.

Summarize how scientists create synthetic elements.

Identify two ways dentists and orthodontists use transition elements.

1. ____________________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________________

the nuclei of atomsthe nuclei of atomscrash into one another at high crash into one another at high

speedsspeedsmay stick togethermay stick together new, heavier new, heavier

elementselementsvery unstablevery unstable

a fraction of a a fraction of a secondsecond

Amalgam fillings include Amalgam fillings include mercury.mercury.

Orthodontists use nickel and titanium alloys Orthodontists use nickel and titanium alloys for wires.for wires.

ALK

ALI

M

ETA

LS

silvery solids with low densities

found in many things - salts & foods

Lose 1 electron

GROUP 1: ALKALI METALS

ALK

ALI

NE

EA

RTH

M

ETA

LSALK

ALI

M

ETA

LS

denser and harder than alkali metals

not as reactive

Lose 2 electrons

GROUP 2: ALKALINE EARTH METALS

BO

RO

N

FAM

ILY

ALK

ALI

NE

EA

RTH

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ETA

LSALK

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used in pots and pans, cans and computer chips

Lose 3 electrons

GROUP 13: BORON FAMILY

CA

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carbon is found in all living things

silicon is in sand and used as semiconductor

Gain or Lose 4 electrons

GROUP 14: CARBON GROUP

NIT

RO

GE

N

FAM

ILY

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nitrogen makes up 80% of the air; it’s absorbed in the body by eating plants

phosphorus is used in matches

Gain 3 electrons

GROUP 15: NITROGEN GROUP

OX

YG

EN

FA

MIL

Y

NIT

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oxygen is essential for life; makes up 20% of Earth’s atmosphere (ozone)

sulfur is used in paints and fertilizers

Gain 2 electrons

GROUP 16: OXYGEN FAMILY

HA

LOG

EN

SOX

YG

EN

FA

MIL

Y

NIT

RO

GEN

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the salt formers - combine with alkali metals (NaCl)

chlorine is used to kill bacteria in water (swimming pool)

Gain 1 electron

GROUP 17: THE HALOGENS

HA

LOG

EN

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all gases

do not like to combine with other elements

used in lightbulbs, lights

GAIN/LOSE 0 ELECTRONS

GROUP 18: THE NOBLE GASES

LANTHANIDES

HA

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EN

SOX

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ACTINIDES

LANTHANIDES

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ACTINIDES

LANTHANIDES

HA

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EN

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IRON TRIAD

ACTINIDES

LANTHANIDES

HA

LOG

EN

SOX

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IRON TRIAD

PLATINUM GROUP

The Periodic Table Section 1: Introduction to the Periodic Table.

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Transcript of The Periodic Table Section 1: Introduction to the Periodic Table.