11th Annual SECA Workshop Pittsburgh, PAPittsburgh, PAJuly 27‐29, 2010

Samuel TamDirector

Division of Clean Coal Energy Research

Fuel

Division of Clean Coal Energy Research

OutlineOutline

• DOE Organization – MissionsDOE Organization  Missions

• Fossil Energy Coal Program

& i i i• FE RD&D Activities

• Challenges & Opportunities

• Visions

2

DOE MissionsDOE Missions

• To advanced the national economic and• To advanced the national, economic, and energy security of the United States

• To promote scientific and technological innovation in support of that mission

• To ensure the environmental cleanup of the national nuclear weapons complexthe national nuclear weapons complex

3

U.S. Department of Energy

Nov. 2009

4

DOE, Office of Fossil Energy

Division of Clean CoalEnergy Research

Ad IGCCAdv. IGCCAdv. Turbines

Innovations for Existing PlantsFuel Cells

5

Fossil Energy Program Outline

ICCS, CCPI, 

Demos

FutureGen

F il E C P

Pu

gram

s

Fossil Energy Core Programs

(Gasification, Turbines, Fuel Cells)

Fossil Energy 

ublic Benefits

earch Prog

Office of S i R h

gyAdvanced Research

s

DOE Re

se

Basic Research Applied R h

Process & Engineering Development

Demonstration & C i li ti

Basic Research Applied R h

Process & Engineering Development

Demonstration & C i li ti

Science Research

6

Research Development Commercialization

NETL’s Energy RD&D Portfolio6

Research Development Commercialization

Energy R&D Portfolio

Fossil Energy FocusFossil Energy Focus• Reduce penalty of carbon capture

• Prove capability, permanence, & capacity for geologic storageg g g

• Gain public acceptance of storage

• Identify & develop viable beneficial end uses• Identify & develop viable beneficial end uses for carbon dioxide

D l t titi CCS t h l f• Deploy cost competitive CCS technology for both existing & new fossil power plants by 20202020

7

Government’s Coal RD&D Investment Strategy

GoalsProgramsApproaches

RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT TECHNOLOGIES &BEST PRACTICES

GoalsProgramsApproaches

Core Coal and Power Systems R&D

DOE – FE – NETL

BEST PRACTICES

< 10% increase COE with CCS (pre-combustion)

< 35% i COE ith CCS

Commercial Readiness

TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATIONClean Coal Power Initiative

Stimulus Activities

< 35% increase COE with CCS (post- and oxy-combustion)

< $400/kW fuel cell systems (2002 $)

Commercial Readiness Stimulus ActivitiesDOE – FE – NETL

FINANCIAL INCENTIVES

> 50% plant efficiency, up to 60% with fuel cells

> 90% CO2 captureFINANCIAL INCENTIVES

Tax CreditsLoan GuaranteesDOE – LGO – IRS

> 99% CO2 storage permanence

+/- 30% storage capacity resolution

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DOE’s Coal Research is Divided A S C R&D PAmong Seven Core R&D Programs

Innovations for Existing PlantsCO2 capture research for new and 2 pexisting pulverized coal plants

SequestrationCO2 storage and monitoring

G ifi tiGasificationCoal gasification for production of synthetic hydrogen gas

TurbinesAd d h d d hi h ffi iAdvanced hydrogen and high efficiency gas turbines

FuelsProduction of liquid and gaseous fuels f lfrom coal

Fuel CellsLarge scale energy production from fuel cells

Total: $404 M (FY11 request) Advanced ResearchMaterials, sensors and controls, and computational energy science

Total USA Electricity Growth Predicted

2007 20354159 TWh

>73% Fossil Energy5259 TWh

>66% Fossil Energy

2007 2035

44%CoalNuclear 19%

Renewable 8%

Coal44%Nuclear

Renewable 17%

Other 0%

49%

Natural Gas22%

Natural Gas21%

Nuclear 17%

2017 TWh2305 TWh

FC relevant to potentially tighter constraints on CO2, water and NOx as well as

Petroleum2%

Petroleum1%

Source: EIA AEO 2010r .d11809a Spreadsheet

p y g 2greater efficiency requirements to make-up for anticipated CCS parasitic loads.

U.S. Coal Plant SizeUS Coal Plants

250

300

its 20%

25%

acity

150

200

ber o

f Uni

10%

15%

ge o

f Cap~400 Mid-Size Units~400 Mid-Size Units

50

100

Num

b

5%

10%

Perc

enta

0

0-100

101-2

0020

1-300

301-4

0040

1-500

501-6

0060

1-700

701-8

0080

1-900

901-1

000

>100

0

0%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 90

Size Range (MW)

Source: Electric Power Research InstituteSource: Electric Power Research Institute 11

APCI Oxygen Membrane

Key Gasification R&D AreasAPCI Oxygen Membrane

RTI Warm Gas Cleaning

• Efficiency increases by 2 9 %ptO2-

Hot Compressed

Air

Fuel GasReduces Capital Cost by 1/3

Oxygen

• Efficiency increases by 2.9 %pt • COE decreases by 12.0%

e-Lean Air

Eltron H2/CO2Reduces Capital Cost by 1/3 - 5.0% reduction in COE

H2 Rich Stream

Water‐Gas hif *

HH

H

HH2

H

HCO2

H2

Membrane

Low-rank Coal* Alt ti F d t k * Shift*

HH2

CO2 H2

H

HH

Process improvementand intensification

Alternative Feedstocks*•Energy security•Carbon footprint reduction

CO2

Improve RAM* 

•Refractory durability •Feed system reliability•Heat removal/integration

•Dynamic simulator•CFD gasifier modeling•Slag model development 3 projects; 45% of budget

•Temperature measurement & control * Advanced Gasification

Fossil Energy CO2 Capture Solutions

Chemical looping

Post-combustion (existing, new PC)

Pre-combustion (IGCC)

Oxycombustion (new PC) loopingOTM boilerBiological processesIonic liquids

Metal organicBen

efit

PBI membranes

Oxycombustion (new PC)

CO2 compression (all)

Advanced physical solventsAdvanced

Metal organic frameworksEnzymatic membranes

educ

tion Solid

sorbentsMembrane systems

chemical solventsAmmoniaCO2 com-

Amine solventsPhysical solventsC

ost R

e

ITMsBiomass co-firing CO2 Capture Targets:

• 90% CO2 Capture2pressionCryogenic

oxygen

202020152010

2

• <10% increase in COE (IGCC)

• <30% increase in COE (PC)

Time to Commercialization202020152010

OTM – O2 Transport Membrane (PC)ITM – O2 Ion Transport Membrane (PC or IGCC)

Active CCPI Demonstration ProjectsLocations & Cost Share

Excelsior EnergyMesaba Energy IGCC

$2.16B – Total$36M – DOE

Excelsior EnergyMesaba Energy IGCC

$2.16B – Total$36M – DOE

AwardedIn Negotiation

Basin ElectricPostcombustion CO2 Capture

$287M – Total$100M – DOE

Basin ElectricPostcombustion CO2 Capture

$287M – Total$100M – DOE

Summit TX Clean EnergyCommercial Demo of Advanced

IGCC w/ Full Carbon Capture~$1.9B – Total$350M – DOE

Summit TX Clean EnergyCommercial Demo of Advanced

IGCC w/ Full Carbon Capture~$1.9B – Total$350M – DOE NRGNRG

HECACommercial Demo of Advanced

AEPPost Combustion CO2 Capture

$668M – Total$334M – DOE

AEPPost Combustion CO2 Capture

$668M – Total$334M – DOE

Post-Combustion CO2 Capture$308M – Total$154M – DOE

Post-Combustion CO2 Capture$308M – Total$154M – DOE

NeuCo (NRG Limestone)Mercury Specie &

Multi-pollutant Control

NeuCo (NRG Limestone)Mercury Specie &

Multi-pollutant Control

Southern CompanyIGCC-Transport Gasifier

w/Carbon Capture$2B T t l

Southern CompanyIGCC-Transport Gasifier

w/Carbon Capture$2B T t l

Commercial Demo of AdvancedIGCC w/ Full Carbon Capture

~$2.8B – Total$308M – DOE

Multi pollutant Control$15.6M – Total$6.1M – DOE

Multi pollutant Control$15.6M – Total$6.1M – DOE

$2B – Total$294M – DOE$2B – Total

$294M – DOE

14

Project Locations for ICCS Area 1Carbon Capture and Storage from Industrial Sources

Battelle, Boise White Paper Mill, Basalt,

Fluor Econamine Plus, Washington

C6 (Sh ll) H

Project LocationIndustry Type / ProductSequestration TypeCO2 Capture TechnologyUniv. of Utah; Ammonia &

Cement; EOR & Saline,

Wolverine, CFB Power; EOR, Hitachi Amine,

Rogers City, MI

Archer Daniels Midland; Industrial Power & Ethanol; Saline, DOW Alstom Amine,

Decat r IL

C6 (Shell); H2Production; Saline,

ADIP-X Amine, Solano, CA

Cement; EOR & Saline, Dehydration,

Coffeyville, KS

Decatur, IL

Cemex,; Cement; EOR & Saline,

RTI Dry Carbonate

Leucadia Energy; SNG from petcoke;

EOR, Rectisol,

Conoco Phillips; IGGC-Petcoke; Depleted NG/EOR,

RTI Dry Carbonate Odessa, TX

, ,Mississippi

Leucadia Energy;Methanol; EOR,

Rectisol

Air Products, H2Production; EOR, BASF’s

Petcoke; Depleted NG/EOR, Selexol, Sweeny, TX

Praxair; H2 for Refinery; EOR VPSA

Rectisol, Lake Charles, LA

Production; EOR, BASF s aMDEA

Port Arthur, TX;

EOR, VPSA, Texas City, TX

15

16

VisionVision• A new round of advanced CCS demonstration in the 2016 timeframetimeframe

• Accelerate R&D on 2nd generation h l h b dtechnologies that can be ready 

demonstration by 2020

• A 250‐MW SOFC stationary power plant by 20XX??plant by 20XX??