115 - NFPA

115

Report of Committee on Liquefied Natural Gas

W. Leonard Bal l , Chairman (Rep. Compressed Gas Assoc., Inc.)

W. L. Walls, Secretary (Non voting) National Fire Protection Association

Donald S. Al lan, Arthur D. L i t t l e , Inc. Frank J. Ayers, American Gas Assoc. Malcolm P. Bragg, American Society of

Mechanical Engineers David Burgess, U. S. Bureau of Mines J. B. But ler, American Petroleum

Ins t i tu te John J. Callahan, Rhode Island Public

U t i l i t i e s Commission Joseph Dolan, Fire Marshals Assoc. of

North America Lawrence Douglas, Fire Equipment

Manufacturers Assoc. W. H. Doyle, Simsbury, CT Dwight A. Dundore, American Gas Assoc. E. M. Foo, Canadian Standards Assoc.

(Non voting) R. M. Gibson, American Society of

Mechanical Engineers

R. G. Blakely (Aft. to E. M. Foo)

Dr. E. B. Graham, The Ins t i tu t ion of Gas Engineers (England) (Non voting)

Ol iver W. Johnson, Ph.D., Palo Al to, CA I. V. LaFave, Steel Plate Fabricators

Assoc. W. D. Malmstedt, American Insurance

Assoc. R. M. Neary, Compressed Gas Assoc. W. H. Penn, American Gas Assoc. James J. Regan, Starr Technical Risks

Agency, Inc. Henry C. Scuoteguazza, Factory Mutual

Research Corp. F. E. Selim, American Petroleum Inst. E. C. Sommer, American Petroleum Inst. Ira C. S t a n f i l l , American Gas Assoc. James, H. Stannard, J r . , Basking Ridge, N.J. Lt. Ronald W. Tanner, U. S. Coast Guard Frank Wolff, Compressed Gas Assoc.

Alternates

• Leonard Devanna (Al t . to Dundore, Hathaway, John A. Davenport, Industr ia l Risk Insurers S tan f i l l and Penn) C. E. Deering (Al t . to J. B. But ler, F .E . Arne Hansen (Al t . to Lawrence Douglas

Selim, E. L. Smith and E. C. Sommer) John T. McKenna, Jr. (Al t . to Dundore, Hathaway, S tan f i l l and Penn)

Robert C. Merr i t t (Al t . to H..C. Scuoteguazza)

This l i s t represents the membership at the time the Committee was bal loted on this report. Since that time change~ in the membership may have occurred.

The Report of the Committee on Liquefied Natural Gas proposes amendments to NFPA 59A-1975, Standard for the Production, Storage and Handling of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG). NFPA 59A-1975 is published in Volume 5 of the 1978 National Fire Codes and in separate form.

The Report has been submitted to l e t t e r ba l l o t of the Con~nittee on Liquefied Natural Gas which consists of 26 voting members; of whom 24 have voted a f f i rmat ive ly on the Report. Mr. Ayers has voted negatively because he believes that Proposals 4, 6, 8, 21, 64 and 71 through 86 are overly r es t r i c t i ve , overly con- servat ive, overly s t r ingent , or detai led overly and, in some cases, impract ical . Mr. Wolff did not return his ba l lo t .

116 59A-I (Section 12, De f in i t i on ( I ) ) SUBMITTER: Liquef ied Natural Gas Committee RECOtIMENDATION: De f in i t i on ( I ) Amend by replacing "F i f t h Edit ion (1973), including Supplements 1 and 2" with "Sixth Edit ion (1977)". SUBSTANTIATION: Updates referenced standard to current ed i t ion .

5gA-2 (Section 12, De f in i t i on (2)) SUBMITTER: Liquef ied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: De f in i t i on (2). Amend by changing date from 1974 to 1977. SUBSTANTIATION: Updates referenced standard to current ed i t ion .

59A- 7 (2117-New) SUBMITTER: Liquefied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 2117. Add new paragraph as follows: 2117. Insulation systems used for impounding surfaces shall be, in the installed condition, noncombustible and suitable for the intended service considering the anti- cipated thermal and mechanical stresses and loadings. I f f lotat ion is a problem, mitigating measures shall be provided. SUBSTANTIATION: Covers a re lat ively new application not • previously addressed. The term "in the installed condit ion" is intended to recognize behavioral differences between components of an insulation system prior to, during and after instal lat ion.

59A- 3 (2110) SUBMITTER: Liquef ied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 2110.1nsert "snow accumulation," between "of " and "other" in the four th l ine . SUBSTANTIATION: To make allowance fo r the e f f ec t o f snow accumulation that might reduce the e f f ec t i ve holding capacity of an impounding area.

59A- 4 (2113) SUBMITTER: Liquef ied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 2113. Amend the th i rd sentence by add- i n g " , and any penetrat ions thereo f , " between "They" and " sha l l " ; and add the fo l lowing sentence at the end o f the paragraph: Penetrations fo r any purpose other than LNG or water drainage piping are prohib i ted. SUBSTANTIATION: The current standard has no r es t r i c t i ons on penetrat ions. The Committee considers penetrat ions f o r the l imi ted purposes of'LNG f i l l and withdrawal piping and water removal piping su i tab le provided that any such penetrat ions do not reduce the i n t e g r i t y o f the impounding s t ructure or otherwise reduce the s t ruc tu re 's a b i l i t y to accomplish i t s intended purpose. I t is the Committee's in tent that "penetrat ions" includes any penetrat ion from any part o f an impounding area to any point outside.

59A- 5 (2116) SUBMITTER: Liquef ied Natural Gas Committee ~ A T I O N : 2116. Add sentence to end o f paragraph, as fo l lows: I f g rav i ty drainage is employed fo r water removal, provis ion shal l be made to prevent the escape o f LNG by way o f the drainage system. SUBSTANTIATION: As penetrat ion o f impounding structures is permitted f o r the purpose o f water removal, th is pro- v is ion is needed to assure the intended purpose of im- poundment.

59A- 6 (Figure 2- I ) SUBMITTER: Liquef ied Natur~l Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: (Notes to Figure 2 - I ) . Amend the f i r s t Note to read: Dimension "X" must equal or exceed the sum of dimension "Y" plus the equivalent head in LNG of the pressure in the vapor space above the l i q u i d . SUBSTANTIATION: The X-Y re la t ionsh ip now presented in Figure 2-I has been the source o f inqu i ry by some a t - tempting to use th is standard. The re la t ionsh ip X=Y gives a maximum throw o f a f r e e - f a l l l i qu id stream. The reduction coe f f i c i en t 0.6 was included, as a judgmental fac to r , to represent a pressure-drop c o e f f i c i e n t applied to the e x i t i n g l i q u i d and in ter ference from the insula- t ion between the inner and outer wal ls. However, the X dimension is shown to be that from the inner wall to the in te r face with the dike or impounding wa l l , and thus pre- supposes that in the event of penetrat ion from the inner wa l l , the outer wall would u l t imate ly f a i l due to the impingement o f the LNG. -This would provide a c lear t r a - j ec to ry f o r the l i qu id from the plane o f the inner wal l . Furthermore, the present re la t ionsh ip does not include the l i qu id height represented by the equivalent o f the design vapor pressure. This change c l a r i f i e s the app l i - cat ion fo r the X=Y re la t ionsh ip .

59A-8 (2120) SUBMITTER: Liquef ied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 2120. Amend extens ive ly as fo l lows:

2120. (a) Provision shal l be made to prevent a rad ia t ion

f l ux that could resu l t from ign i t i on o f a design s p i l l defined i~ 2121 from exceeding 5000 W/m ~ (1600 Btu/Hr/Ft ~) at a property l i ne which can be b u i l t upon when atmospheric condit ions are zero wind speed, 21C (70 F) temperature and 50 percent r e l a t i v e humidity. This prov is ion may be complied with by a separat ion distance determined by Formula 1A.

FORMULA 1A

d I = 3A~l where,

d I = distance, in meters ( f e e t ) , from the nearest edge o f the appl icable design s p i l l to a property l i ne which can be b u i l t upon, and

A I = Surface area, in square meters (square fee t ) o f LNG, resu l t ing from the appl icable design s p i l l .

(b) Provision shal l be made to prevent a rad ia t ion f l ux from a f i r e over a~ LNG impounding area from exceeding 5000 W/m: (1600 Btu/Hr/Ft 2) at the nearest point o f a place which at the time o f p lant s i t i ng is used fo r outdoor assembly by groups o f 50 or more persons when atmospheric condit ions are zero wind speed, 21 C (70 F) temperature and 50 percent r e l a t i v e humidity. This prov is ion may be complied with by a separat ion distance determined by Formula IB.

FORMULA IB

d 2 = 3A~. 2 where,

d 2 : distance, in meters ( f e e t ) , from the edge of impounded LNG to the nearest point o f the place o f assembly, and

A 2 = surface area, in square meters (square f ee t ) , o f impounding area is f i l l e d with a volume, V, determined in accordance with 2110.

(c) Provision shal l bemade to prevent a rad ia t ion f l u x from a f i r e o~er an impounding area from exceeding 9000 W/m (3000 Btu/Hr/Ft 2) at the nearest point o f a bui ld ing or s t ruc ture in ex i s t - ence at the time o f p lant s i t i ng and used f o r purposes c l ass i f i ed by NFPA I01, L i fe Safety Code,* 1976, as Assembly, Educational, Health Care, Penal or Residential when atmospheric condit ions are zero wind speed, 21C (70 F) temperature, and 50 percent r e l a t i v e humidity. This provis ion may be complied with by a separat ion distance determined by Formula IC.

FORMULA IC

d 3 = 2A~3 whe re,

d 3 = distance, in meters ( f e e t ) , from the edge o f impounded LNG to the nearest point o f the bui ld ing or s t ruc ture , and

117 A3 = surface area, in square meters (square feet ) ,

of impounded LNG when the impounding area is f i l l e d with a volume, V, determined in accordance with 2110."

(d) Exist ing 2120 amended by replacing "I0,000 Btu/Hr/ Ft ~'' and "70 o F" with "30,000 W/m2 (I0,000 Btu/ Hr/Ft2) '' and-"21 C (70 F)"; by changing "Formula I " to "Formula ID" in the tex t and caption for the formula; and changing "d" to "d~" and "A" to "A4" in the formula i t s e l f ~nd i t s legend.

*See Appendix B for avai lab i l i ty .

SUBSTANTIATION: The Committee is of the opinion that a high degree of public safety is achieved by compliance with the present provisions of 2120, part icularly upon consideration of two factors of major importance, v iz. , (~) the probabil ity of occurrence of an event which could lead to a f i r e over the total impounding area, and (2) the time delay expected between the event and the buildup of maximum radiation f lux. Nevertheless, the Committee desires to increase the degree of public safety by additional provisions. Proposed 2120(a) recognizes certain sized accidental spi l ls

• as credible (see 2121 for "design sp i l l " def ini t ion in the 1975 edition of 59A and proposed 2122), and limits the allowable radiation at the property l ine from such spi l ls to a level below that considered hazardous to l i f e . Proposed 2120(b) and (c) give special consideration to the type(s) of act iv i ty or use of the area adjacent to the plant. I t is recognized that persons in an outdoor open area would intercept a greater level of f i r e radiation than would be the case for persons inside buildings or structures where enclosure in structural components would intercept the radiation. Therefore, a l imi t is set for outdoor exposure at places of moderately large group assembly below the level considered hazardous to l i f e . Further, a l imi t is set for exposure to those buildings and structures wherein the occupants might not be alert and able to physically act to establish their own sel f preservation in the event of an emergency. This l imi t is set below that which would'cause the building or structure to cease to provide shielding of the radiation. Formulas for separation distances are given which may be used to comply with the provisions. However, use of the formulas is not mandatory and the option exists for either determination of separation distances by calculation or to employ f i re radiation control methods other than "separation distance alone, provided that al l provisions of 2120 are met.

59A- 9 (2121) SUBMITTER: Liquefied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 2121. Amend by replacing "2121" with "2122" in the third l in~delet ing paragraphs Ca) through (d); deleting the superscript l ; and i ts footnot~and adding the following sentence and l isted material: Flam- mable mixture dispersion distances shall be determined in accordance with 2121 Ca) through (e).

(a) Distances shall be computed in accordance with a suitable model.

(b) The method used may be based upon Project IS-3-1, Interim Report on Phase II Work, American Gas Association,* or other suitable method.

(c) The method used shall be based upon the combination wind speed and atmospheric s tab i l i ty which may occur simultaneously and result in the longest predictable downwind dispersion distance which is exceede~ less than I0% of the time, or, as an alternate, Pasquill-Gifford s tab i l i ty Category F with a 2 meter/second (4.5 mph) wind speed may be assumed and used.

(d) The method used shall be based upon the actual l iquid characteristics and the i n i t i a l vapor outflow rate from the vapor containment volume (the vapor generation rate plus the displacement due to l iquid inflow)•

(e) The presence of methods for detaining the vapor formed as a result of spi l ls or otherwise mitigating the hazard - e.g., impounding surface insulation or water curtains - may be considered provided there exists demon-

strable surveillance and functional provisions acceptable to the authority having jur isdict ion.

*See Appendix B for ava i lab i l i ty SUBSTANTIATION: Reflects research and developments since adoption of the 1975 edition which permits both the more specific cr i ter ia proposed and the use of models other than those presented in Project IS-3-1. See Proposal 59A-lO for relocation of existing 2121 (a) through (d).

59A- lO (2122-New) SUBMITTER: Liquefied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 2122. Relocate existing 2121 (a) through (d),as a new 2122, amended as follows, and renumber existing 2122, 2123 and 2124 as 2123, 2124 and 2125:

2122. The "design sp i l l " shall be determined in accordance with 2122 (a) through (d).

(a) 'For impounding areas serving LNG containers which have penetrations below the liquid level without internal valves, the "design sp i l l " is defined as flow through an assumed opening at and equal in area to that penetration below the liquid level that would result in the largest flow from an i n i t i a l l y fu l l container. The flow, as determined by Formula 2, is assumed . . . . . . . . remainder of existing 2121 Ca) unchanged.

(b) Existing 2121 (b) unchanged. (c) Existing 2121 (c) broken down into two sentences

and amended by replacing "maybe" in the third l ine with "is defined as flow through an assumed opening at, and equal in area to, that penetration below the l iquid level that could result in the largest flow from an i n i t i a l l y fu l l container. The flow shall be the maximum"; and by deleting "largest" in the characterization of "d" in Formula 2.

(d) Existing 2121 (d) unchanged. SUBSTANTIATION: Extends the "design sp i l l " concept to any penetration below the liquid level, provides a formula for use in the context of 2122 (a), and is clearer than the current text.

59A- II (222-New) SUBMITTER: Liquefied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 222. Add new provision as follows:

222. Buildings or structural enclosures not covered by 220 and 221 shall be either located or provision otherwise made to minimize the possibi l i ty of entry of flammable gases or vapors. SUBSTANTIATION: Provides protection against the possi- b i l i t y of flammable gases or vapors entering normally nonhazardous areas, such as control rooms, shops and storage buildings.

59A- 12 (2301) SUBMITTER: Liquefied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 2301. Add superscript I. af ter " fac i l - i ty" . and add non-mandatory footnote as follows:

Cl)I t is recommended that ASCE No. 56 C1976) "Sub- Surface Investigation for Design and Construction of Foundation for Buildings," and Appendix C, API Standard 620 be used as guides for this investigation.~

*See Appendix B for ava i lab i l i ty SUBSTANTIATION: Provides needed guidance.

59A- 13 C240) SUBMITTER: Liquefied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 240. Amend by adding "(See 406)" a f ter "containers" in the f i r s t l ine; deleting "about two percent" and the entire second sentence from the f i r s t paragraph of the Note; and by deleting the entire last paragraph of the Note. SUBSTANTIATION: Correllation with proposed new 406. (See Proposal 59A-25).

118 5gA- 14 (Section 26-New) SUBMITTER: Liquef ied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 26. Add new Section 26 as fo l lows:

26. Concrete Mater ia ls 260 Concrete used f o r construct ion of LNG containers

shal l be in accordance with Section 42. 261 Concrete st ructures that w i l l be in normal,

per iodic or potent ia l contact with LNG shal l be designed to withstand the design load, appl icable environmental loadings and ant ic ipated temperature e f fec ts . Such structures include but are not l imi ted to foundations, pipe racks, and supports. They shal l comply with the fo l lowing:

(a) Design o f t~e st ructures shal l be in accordance with appropriate provis ions of 421.

(b) Mater ia ls and construct ion shal l be in accordance with the appropr iate provis ions of 422.

262 Concrete f o r inc identa l non-structural uses, such as slope protect ion and impounding area paving, shal l conform to ACl 304-73*. Reinforcement shal l be a minimum of 0.5% of the cross-sect ional area o f concrete f o r crack control in accordance with Paragraph 2.7.2 of ACI-344".

263 Concrete which is not in constant exposure to LNG and which has been subjected ' to sudden and unexpected exposure to LNG, shal l be inspected, and repaired i f necessary, as soon as pract ica l a f t e r i t has returned to ambient temperature.

*See Appendix B fo r a v a i l a b i l i t y . SUBSTANTIATION: Provides needed material on concrete structures other than LNG containers. Referenced 421 and 422 re fe r to renumbered 422 and 423 covered elsewhere in th is Report.

59A-15 (332) SUBMITTER: Liquef ied Natural .Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 332. Change "1968" to "1978" in f i r s t sentence. SUBSTANTIATION: Updates referenced standard to current ed i t ion .

59A- 18 (4011 - ex is t ing 402) SUBMITTER: Liquef ied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 4011. Exist ing 402 with an added new second sentence which incorporates an amended ex is t ing 403 as fo l lows: LNG storage containers and a l l mater ia ls used in contact with LNG or cold vapor shal l be phys ica l ly and chemically compatible with LNG and su i tab le fo r service at minus 168 C (minus 270 F). SUBSTANTIATION: C la r i f i es in tent . The spec i f ied design temperature assures that the mater ia ls used w i l l have a su i tab le margin below the temperature o f l i qu id methane and associated cold vapor at atmospheric pressure.

59A- 19 (4013-New) SUBMITTER: Liquef ied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 4013. Add new paragraph as fo l lows: 4013. Al l LNG containers shal l be designed to accommo- date both top and bottom f i l l i n g unless other pos i t i ve means are provided to prevent s t r a t i f i c a t i o n . (See 802). SUBSTANTIATION: Where other pos i t i ve means to prevent s t r a t i f i c a t i o n are not provided, each storage tank should have the capab i l i t y o f se lec t ive f i l l i n g into the top or bottom of the tank in order to handle l iqu ids of d i f f e r - ent dens i t ies . The proposed provis ion w i l l assure that the necessary f l e x i b i l i t y is provided in the i n i t i a l tank design.

59A- 20 (4014-new) SUBMITTER: Liquef ied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 4014. Add new paragraph as fo l lows: I f the outer surface area o f an LNG container could be accident ly exposed to low temperatures resu l t ing from leakage of LNG or cold vapor from f langes, valves, seals or connections, th is area shal l be su i tab le fo r LNG temperatures or otherwise protected from the e f fec ts o f such exposure. SUBSTANTIATION: Covers hazard not previously spec i f i ca l l y addressed.

59A- 16 (4001) SUBMITTER: Liquef ied Natural Gas RECOMMENDATION: 4001. Add the fo l lowing sentence to the end o f the paragraph: Inspectors shal l be qua l i f i ed in accordance with the code or standard appl icable to the container and as spec i f ied in th is Standard. SUBSTANTIATION: One of the purposes o f the inspector c i ted in 4001 is to assure compliance with the appropr i - ate container codes and standards. In many instances, the promulgators of a code or standard speci fy the qua l i - f i ca t i ons that they bel ieve an inspector should have to perform his intended funct ion. The Committee bel ieves that inspectors should be qua l i f i ed in accordance with the code or standard which is being u t i l i z e d .

59A- 17 (401) SUBMITTER: Liquef ied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 401. E d i t o r i a l l y incorporate ex is t ing 401 through 405 in to an expanded Subsection 401 as fo l lows:

• 401 Basic Design Considerations 4010. Exist ing 401 4011. Exist ing 402 amended per Proposal 59A-18 4012. Exist ing 4030. 4013. New per Proposal 59A-19 4014. New per Proposal 59A-20 4015. Exist ing 404 4016. Exist ing 405

SUBSTANTIATION: Improves format. Included in TCR to f a c i l i t a t e review and comment.

59A-21 (402-exis t ing 406) SUBMITTER: Liquef ied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 402. Amend as fo l lows: 402. Seismic Design

4020. Seismic loads shal l be considered in the design. For a l l i n s t a l l a t i o n s except those provided fo r in 4026, the operator shal l perform a s i t e inves t iga t ion to determine the seismic potent ia l and resu l t ing response spectra. These invest igat ions shal l be conducted to obtain per- t inen t geotechnical information concerning the geologic and seismic charac ter is t i cs of the LNG f a c i l i t y and the surrounding region.

4021. The inves t iga t ion shal l include: (a) The detect- - ion and i d e n t i f i c a t i o n of surface fau l t i ng as appropr iate fo r the spec i f i c s i t e and the potent ia l f o r such fau l t i ng . (b) The charac ter is t i cs o f the mater ia ls underlying the s i t e as they re la te to the transmission of v ib ra to ry motion from bedrock through the so i l i f the f a c i l i t y is not grounded on rock as well as the potent ia l f o r so i l l i que fac t ion and degradation. (c) Ver t ica l and hor izonta l response spectra shal l be determined cor re la t ing the acce lerat ion, ve loc i t y and displacement with the seismic charac te r is t i cs of the so i l and damping fac tors of the s t ruc tura l systems in the range o f ant ic ipated natural periods of v ib ra t ion .

4022. The inves t iga t ion shal l determine the Safe Shut- down Earthquake (SSE) and Operating Basis Earthquake (OBE) which shal l be defined as those which produce ground motions with a mean recurrence in terva l o f I0,000 years fo r the SSE and lO00 years f o r the OBE.

4023. Th~ fo l lowing structures and systems shal l be designed to comply with 4022: (a) An LNG container and i t s impounding system. (b) System components required to i so la te the LNG container and maintain i t in a safe shutdown condi t ion. (c) Fire protect ion systems.

4 0 2 4 . An LNG container shal l be designed f o r the OBE and a stress l i m i t check made fo r the SSE. Stresses fo r the OBE shal l be in accordance with the code or standard appl icable to the container as speci f ied in th is Standard. Stress l im i t s fo r the SSE shal l be allowed to reach y i e l d fo r the tens i l e condi t ion and c r i t i c a l f o r the 'buckl ing condi t ion when i nc l ud ing the e f f ec t o f l i qu id pressure on buckling s t a b i l i t y . (a) A f te r a SSE event, the conta ine r shal l be emptied and inspected p r i o r to resumption o f container f i l l i n g operat ions.

4025. The dynamic analysis o f the LNG container and associated s t ruc tura l components shal l i n c l y ~ the e f fec ts o f ' l i q u i d sloshing and restra ined l i qu id . ~JTank f l e x i - b i l i t y , including shear deformation shal l be included in determination of the s i gn i f i can t tank frequencies. For tanks on elevated p i l e cap, the f l e x i b i l i t y of the p i l e • system shal l he considered.

119 (1)Footnote to ex is t ing 4060 unchanged.

4026. Shop-bui l t containers designed and constructed in accordance with the ASME Code (see d e f i n i t i o n ) , and t h e i r support system, shal l be designed f o r the hor izonta l seismic accelerat ions in Table 4-I and f o r ve r t i ca l accelerat ions of two-th i rds o f these values. Zones shal l be determined from Figure 4- I .

Zone Table 4-I SSE, %G 0 2 1 7 2 15 3 28 4 As determined by

inves t iga t ion in accordance with 4020 and 4021.

~ ~ - , ALASKA

HAWAII

.j

2

o h • I ~ J

KILOMETERS

(Not for Alaska and Hawaii.) CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES

FIGURE 4-1 SEISMIC ZONES IN THE U.S.A.

120 SUBSTANTIATION: The state o f the a r t in seismic design has fu r the r developed since the 1975 ed i t i on o f 59A. The proposed changes recognize these advancements and incorporate provis ions fo r estab l ish ing appropr iate seismic loadings fo r the design o f D~G contalners where safety and continued funct ion are of prime importance. The provis ion fo r s i t e inves t iga t ion has been extended to cover a l l zones fo r a l l LNG i n s t a l l a t i o n s except those with only shop b u i l t ASME containers. Very conservative values o f hor izonta l and ver t i ca l "g" loadings are given fo r the operat ing basis earthquake (OBE) fo r th is type o f LNG container. This has been done to make a seismic inves t iga t ion unnecessary fo r these small containers in a l l zones except zone 4 where a s i t e inves t iga t ion is cal led fo r . Mean recurrence in te rva ls fo r both the Safe Shutdown Earth- quake (SSE) and the Operating Basis Earthquake (OBE) have been establ ished which are deemed appropr iate f o r LNG conta iners , the associated impounding system, container iso- l a t i on components and the f i r e protect ion system. New zone maps are included fo r a l l f i f t y U.S. states. These maps are based on peak ground motion accelerat ion contour maps included in the Final Review d ra f t o f the ATC- 3 Project . The Applied Technology Council performed the study (Project ATC-3) under the sponsorship o f the National Science Foundation and the National Bureau o f Standards. The ATC-3 map depicts contours o f approximately equal seismic r i sk and is considered to be an improvement over the zone map included in the Uniform Bui lding Code which is based on h i s to r i c earthquake damage leve ls . Proposed 4024 establ ishes appropr iate stress levels fo r the design of the LNG container f o r the OBE and fo r the stress l i m i t check fo r the SSE. In order to r e f l e c t the state of the a r t in the seismic

• design of LNG containers, Section 4025 ca l ls out spec i f i c items to include in the dynamic analysis o f the LNG conta iner .

4060. LNG containers shal l be i ns ta l l ed on s u i t - able foundations designed by a qua l i f i ed engineer and constructed in accordance with recognized s t ruc tura l engineering pract ices. Pr ior to the s t a r t o f design and con- s t ruc t ion of the foundation, a subsurface invest iga t ion shal l be conducted by a qua l i f i ed so i l s engineer to determine the s t ra t ig raphy and physical propert ies o f the so i l s underlying the s i te . ~

4061. The bottom of the outer tank shal l be above the ground water table or otherwise prptected from contact with ground water at a l l times, and the material in contact with i t shal l be selected to minimize corrosion. When the bottom o f an outer tank is in contact with the s o i l , a heating system shal l be provided to prevent the OC ~2 F) isotherm from penetrat ing the s o i l . The heating system shal l be designed so as to permit funct ional and performance monitor ing, and shal l be done, at a minimum, on a weekly basis. Where there is a d iscont inu i ty in the foundat ion, such as fo r bottom piping, careful a t ten- t ion and separate treatment shal l be given to the heating system in th is zone. Heating systems shal l be i ns ta l l ed so that any heating element or temperature sensor used f o r control can be replaced.

4062. I f the foundation is i ns ta l l ed to provide adequate a i r c i r cu la t i on in l i eu o f a heating system, then the bottom o f the outer tank shal l be o f a material s u i t - able fo r the temperatures to which i t w i l l be exposed. Footnote I . I t is recommended that ASCE No. 56(1976) "Sub Surface inves t iga t ion f o r Design and Construction o f Foun- dat ion fo r Bui ldings" and Appendix C API Standard 620, be used as a guide fo r th is inves t iga t ion . SUBSTANTIATION: Expands engineering design provis ions to apply to a l l LNG containers and provides fo r a separate so i l s inves t iga t ion and design and monitoring o f container heating systems. 4062 pr imar i l y is appl icable to an e le- vated container.

59A- 22 (403-New) SUBMITTER: Liquef ied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 403. Add new subsection as fo l lows:

403. Wind and Snow Loads 4030. The wind and snow loads f o r the design o f

LNG storage containers shal l be determined using the procedures out l ined in Bui lding Code Requirements fo r Minimum Design Loads in Buildings and Other Structures, ANSl A58.1 (1972)*. Where a p robab i l i s t i c approach is appropr iate, a I00 year Mean Occurrence Interval shal l be used.

*See Appendix B fo r a v a i l a b i l i t y . SUBSTANTIATION: Provides more spec i f i c guidance on these environmental fac tors .

59A-23 (404-exis t ing 407) SUBMITTER: Liquef ied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 404. E d i t o r i a l l y rearrange as fo l lows:

404. -Container Insu la t ion 4040. Exist ing 407

SUBSTANTIATION: Improves format. Included in TCR to f a c i l i t a t e review and comment.

59A-24 (405-exis t ing 408) SUBMITTER: Liquef ied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 405. E d i t o r i a l l y rearrange and amend as fo l lows:

405. F i l l i n g Volume 4050. Exist ing 408 amended by changing "Figure

4- I " to "Figure 4-2". Also, change caption to the Figure i t s e l f accordingly.

59A-25 (406-exis t ing 410 and 421) SUBMITTER: Liquef ied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 406. E d i t o r i a l l y combine 410 and 421 and amend as fo l lows (delete ex is t ing 410 and 421):

406. Foundations

59A- 26 (41) SUBMITTER: Liquef ied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 41. Rearrange and e d i t o r i a l l y amend as fo l lows:

41. Metal Containers 410 Exist ing 411

4100 Exist ing 4110 411 Exist ing 412

4110 Exist ing 4120 amended by changing " jacket " to " tank".

4111 Exist ing 4121 amended per Proposal 5gA-27. (a) Exist ing 4121(a) amended per Proposal

5gA-28 (b) Exist ing 4121(b) (c) New per Proposal 59A-29

4112 Exist ing 4122 amended by changing " jacket" to " tank".

(a) Exist ing 4122(a) amended per Proposal 59A-30.

(b) Exist ing 4122(b) amended per Proposal 59A-31.

(c) Exist ing 4122(c) amended per Proposal 59A-32.

(d) Exist ing 4122(d) amended by changing " jacket" to "outer tank" in two places.

(e) Exist ing 4122(e) amended by changing " jacket " to "outer tank" in two places.

( f ) Exist ing 4122(f ) .

(g) New per Proposal 59A-33. 4113 Exist ing 4123 amended per Proposal 59A-34 4114 Exist ing 4124 amended per Proposal 5gA-35 4115 Exist ing 4125 amended per Proposal 59A-36

(a) Exist ing 4125(a) . . . . . . . . 36 4116 Exist ing 4126 amended by changing " jacket "

to "outer tank". (a) Exist ing 4126(a) (b) Exist ing 4126(b) (c) Exist ing 4126(c)

SUBSTANTIATION: Included in TCR to f a c i l i t a t e review and comment.

59A-27 (4111-exist ing 4121) SUBMITTER: Liquef ied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 4111. Amend by adding "and shal l be stamped and registered with the National Board o f Bo i le r and Pressure Vessel Inspectors*." to the end of the sentence. *See Appendix B fo r a v a i l a b i l i t y . SUBSTANTIATION: Assures that the storage container w i l l be i den t i f i ed as conforming to the ASME Code and that an engineering descr ip t ion of the vessel w i l l be per- manently ava i lab le .

59A-28 (4111(a)-ex is t ing 4121(a)) SUBMITTER: Liquef ied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 4111(a). Amend by replacing "minus 260F (minus 162C)" with "minus 168C (minus 270F)". SUBSTANTIATION: Temperature change is needed fo r corre la t i on with proposed amendment of 4011. See Pro- posal 59A-18.

5gA-2g (4111(c)-New) SUBMITTER: Liquef ied Natural Gas Committee. RECOMMENDATION: 4111(c). Add new paragraph as fo l lows and delete ex is t ing 4123(a): (c) The inner container shal l be designed fo r the most c r i t i c a l combination of loading resu l t ing from internal pressure and l i qu id head, the s t a t i c insu la t ion pressure, the insu la t ion pressure as the tank expands a f t e r an inserv ice per iod, the purging and operating pressure o f the space between the inner and outer containers, and seismic loads. SUBSTANTIATION: Prescribes the cont r ibut ing factors which must be considered in the design of th~ inner conta iner . The loading of the inner container was pre- v ious ly p a r t i a l l y covered in ex is t ing 4123(a). The pro-

~posal includes these and addi t ional fac tors .

59A-30 (4112(a)-ex is t ing 4122(a)) SUBMITTER: Liquef ied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 4112(a). Amend by adding "the lowest" between " fo r " and "ant ic ipa ted" . SUBSTANTIATION: More c lea r l y states in ten t o f ex is t ing provis ion which is to minimize the potent ia l f o r jeop- ard iz ing the i n t eg r i t y o f the outer container.

59A-31 (4112(b)-ex is t ing 4122(b)) SUBMITTER: Liquef ied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 4122(b). Amend by delet ing the second sentence; replacing " jacket" with "outer tank" and by replacing " jackets" with "outer tanks". SUBSTANTIATION: Code Case 1290 now included in referenced ed i t ion of the ASME Code.

59A-32 (41.12(c) - ex is t ing 4122(c)) SUBMITTER: Liquef ied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 4112(c). Amend extens ive ly as fo l lows: The outer tank shal l be designed fo r the most c r i t i c a l combination of loadings resu l t ing from the s t ruc tura l support o f the inner tank and i t s contents, the s ta t i c insu la t ion pressure, the insu la t ion pressure as the tank expands a f t e r an inserv ice per iod, the pressure from wind forces and the roof loading, the purging and operating pressure of the space between the inner and out conta iner , and seismic forces. SUBSTANTIATION: Cites the cont r ibut ing factors which must be considered in the design of the outer tank. The proposed amendment includes addi t iona l c r i t e r i a not previously stated.

121 59A-33 (4112(g)) - New) SUBMITTER: Liquef ied Natural Gas Committee Recommendation: 4112(g). Add new paragraph as fo l lows: Foundations and supports shal l be protected to have a f i r e resistance rat ing o f not less than two hours. I f insu- l a t i on is used to achieve th is requirement i t shal l be res is tan t to dislodgement by f i r e hose streams. SUBSTANTIATION: The ASME Code LNG storage containers covered in th is subsection are supported on saddles or legs. In the event o f a f i r e , i t is important that the container remain adequately supported since f a i l u r e o f the support system would considerably worsen the emergency.

59A-34 (4113-exist ing 4123) SUBMITTER: Liquef ied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 4113. Amend by changing " jacket " to "outer tank" in two places; replacing "does not form a flammable mixture even i f any concentrat ion o f a i r is present" with " is noncombustible"; and by de le t ing ex is - t ing 4123(a). SUBSTANTIATION: C la r i f i e s in tent . In tent o f e x i s t i n g 4123(a) is included in amendment o f 4111(c). See Pro- posal 59A-29.

59A-35 (4114-exist ing 4124) SUBMITTER: Liquef ied Natural Gas Committee Recommendation: 4114. Amend second sentence by changing "thermal" to " resu l t i ng " ; by adding "and outer" between " inner" and " tank"; and changing "minimized" to "wi th in acceptable l im i t s " . SUBSTANTIATION: C la r i f i e s in tent .

59A-36 (4115, 4115(a) -ex is t in 9 4125, 4125(a)) SUBMITTER: Liquef ied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 4115, 4115(a). Amend by replacing" "minus 260 F (minus 162 C)" with "minus 168 C (minus 270 F)" in both places; and by changing " jacket " to "outer tank" in both places. SUBSTANTIATION: See Proposal 59A-18.

59A-37 (42) SUBMITTER: Liquef ied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: Rearrangeand update referenced documents as fo l lows:

42. Concrete Containers 420 Exist ing 420

4200 Exist ing 4200 421 Exist ing 422 4210 Exist ing 4220 amended by adding "Code" between

"Bui ld ing" and "Requirements"; and changing "4221, 4222 and 4223" to "4211, 4212 and 4213".

44211 Exsi t ing 4221 4212 Exist ing 4222 amended per Proposal 59A-38 4213 Exist ing 4223 amended by changing "4233" to

"4223". 4214 Exist ing 4224

422 Exist ing 423 4220 Exist ing 4230 amended by adding "Transportat ion"

between "Mixing", and "and"; and replacing "(AC1614-59)" with "(AC1304-73)".

4221 Exist ing 4231 amended by changing date of ASTM C33 from "67" to "74".

4222 Exist ing 42~2 4223 Exist ing 4233 amended by replacing "Hard-Drawn

Steel Mechanical Wire (ASTM A227-68)" with "Spec i f ica t ion fo r Steel Wire, Hard Drawn fo r Mechanical Springs (ASTM A227-76)"; adding "Speci f icat ions fo r Steel Wire fo r Pre- stressed Concrete Pipe (ASTM A 648-73)" as a second re fe r - enced document; changing the date of ASTM A421 from "65" to "76"; replacing "Wire Stress-Relieved Strands" with

122 "Seven-Wire Stress Relieved Strand" and changing the date of ASTM A416 from "68" to "74".

4224 Existing 4234 amended by replacing references to ASTM A 15 and A 432 with a single reference to "Specifica- tion for Deformed and Plain Bil let-Steel Bars for Con- crete Reinforcement (ASTM A615-76)* (Grades 40 and 60 only); by changing the date of ASTM A82 from "66" to "76"; and by changing the date of ASTM A 185 from "64" to "73".

4225 Existing 4235 amended per Proposal 59A-39 4226 Existing 4236 amended per Proposal 59A-40 and by

changing "Cold-Rolled Carbon Steel Sheets, Commercial Qual i ty (ASTM A366-68)" to "Steel , Carbon, Cold-Rolled Sheets, Commercial Qual i ty (ASTM A366-72)".

423 Exist ing 424 4230 Exist ing 4240. 4231 Exist ing 4241 amended by changing date of ACl

311 from "64" to "75". 4232 Exist ing 4242 4233 Exist ing 4243

SUBSTANTIATION: Included in TCR to f a c i l i t a t e review and comment and to update ed i t ions of referenced standards.

59A-38 (4212-existing 4222) SUBMITTER: Liquefied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 4212. Amend as follows: Tensile stresses (exclusive of direct temperature and shrinkage effects) in carbon steel reinforcing bars when exposed to LNG temperatures under design conditions conditions shall be limited t o the following allowable stresses:

#4 and smaller 82.7 MPa (12,DO0 psi) #5, #6 and #7 68.9 MPa (lO,OOO psi)

#8 and larger 55.2 MPa (8,000 psi) Tensile stresses inclusive of direct temperature and shrinkage effects shall not exceed the yield strength of the reinforcement. SUBSTANTIATION: The proposed revision is more consistent with engineering terminology. The allowable stresses refer to the actual stresses in the rebar which are arrived at by a rigorous analysis as opposed to the theoretical stresses that are calculated s t r i c t l y on the basis of the temperature difference alone.

59A-39 (4225-existing 4235) SUBMITTER: Liquefied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 4225. Amend by changing "may" to "shal l"; and "any" to "a" in the third l ine. SUBSTANTIATION: Proper mandatory language as intended.

59A-40 (4226-existing 4236) SUBMITTER: Liquefied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 4226. Amend by changing "may" to "shal l"; and "any" to "a" in the third l ine. SUBSTANTIATION: Proper mandato6y language as intended.

59A-41 (441) SUBMITTER: Liquefied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 441. Amend by replacing "or as otherwise provided for by the code" with "unless such repairs or modifications comply with the code or standard"; by adding "or ig inal ly" between "was" and "fabricated"; and by adding a second sentence as follows: Retesting by a method appropriate to the repair or modi- f icat ion shall be required only when the repair or modi- f icat ion is of such a nature that a retest wi l l actually test the element affected and is necessary to demonstrate the adequacy of the repair or modification. SUBSTANTIATION: Of the container fabrication codes or standards referenced in this standard, only the ASME Code addresses conditions when retesting would be necessary after repairs or modifications were made. The proposal f i l l s this void.

59A-42 (4701(c)) SUBMITTER: Liquefied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 4701(c). Amend by adding "and as a con- sequence of controlled mixing of LNG of di f ferent com- positions (which can result from weathering) and/or temperatures" to the end of the sentence. SUBSTANTIATION: While the results of mixing of LNG with di f ferent densities has been intended in the existing text, the Proposal c lar i f ies the intent.

59A-43 (472) SUBMITTER: Liquef ied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: Amend by adding a new second senten{e as fo l lows: The option o f gas admission through the vacuum r e l i e f valves, provided by 6.02.3 in API 620, shal l not be permitted. SUBSTANTIATION: 6.02.3 in API 620-1977 provides the designer the option o f al lowing a i r or natural gas into the LNG container as the means o f re l i ev ing a vacuum condi t ion. A f te r reviewing the benef i ts o f each system, the Committee concluded that the admission of natural gas as a vacuum control method was desi rable in accordance with 470 but that the vacuum r e l i e f valve cal led f o r in 472 should communicate d i r e c t l y to the atmosphere.

59A-44 (4720-New) SUBMITTER: Liquefied Natural Gas Committee RECO~IMENDATION: 4720. Add new paragraph as follows: Each pressure and vacuum safety re l i e f valve for LNG containers shall be able to be isolated from the container for maintenance or other purposes by means of a manual fu l l opening stop valve. When an individual safety re l i e f valve, this stop valve shall be lockable or sealable in the fu l l open position. Sufficient pressure and vacuum re l i e f valves shall be installed on the LNG container to allow each re l i e f valve to be individually isolated for testing or maintenance while maintaining the fu l l capacities determined in paragraph 472; Ca) Stop valves, under individual safety re l i e f valves, shall be locked or sealed when opened, and shall not be opened or closed except by an authorized person. (b) No more than one stop valve shall be closed at one time, thus maintaining the re l i e f capac- i ty of 472. SUBSTANTIATION: Provides the operator with the capability to isolate each individual r e l i e f valve for testing or maintenance and allow for removal of an individual valve while maintaining the fu l l relieving capacity.

59A-45 (473-New) SUBMITTER: L iquef ied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 473. Add new paragraph as fo l lows: Safety r e l i e f valve discharge stacks or vents shal l be designed and i ns ta l l ed to prevent an accumulation o f water, ice, snow or other fore ign matter and, i f arranged to discharge d i r e c t l y into. the atmosphere, shal l discharge v e r t i c a l l y . SUBSTANTIATION: The r e l i e f devices o f LNG storage conta iners occasional ly vent as a resu l t o f low barometric pressure. Such barometer lows are often accompanied by l igh tn ing storms and the p o s s i b i l i t y o f a l i gh tn ing s t r i k e i gn i t i ng a venting r e l i e f valve cannot be d is- counted. The resu l t ing flame could be qui te large and could cause damage to. the r e l i e f device or the roof o f the tank. By discharging the r e l i e f device v e r t i c a l l y , i n to . the atmosphere, the potent ia l damage from such a f i r e can be reduced. The proposed rev is ion is consistent with the ex is t ing requirements in NFPA 30 fo r r e l i e f valves operat ing above 17kPa (2.5 ps i ) . Protect ing the valve against the accumu- l a t i on of water, ice and snow was also included to high- l i g h t to the operator the other areas which must be considered.

123 59A-46 (600) SUBMITTER: Liquef ied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 600. Amend by changing "Petroleum Refinery Piping - 1973" to "Chemical Plant and Petroleum Refinery Piping - 1976; and add "and also unpressurized or low pressure piping systems, including vent l ines and drain l ines , which handle LNG, flammable re f r i ge ran ts , flammable l iqu ids and flammable gases with service temperatures below minus 29C (minus 2OF). SUBSTANTIATION: Unpressurized piping including vent l ines and drain l ines are not cur rent ly covered by Chapter 6. I t is bel ieved that coverage is needed when these low pressure systems are handling cold flammable f l u ids , Updates edf t ion of referenced standard.

59A-47 (601 SUBMITTER: Liquef ied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 601. Amend as fo l lows: When appl icable, seismic loads shal l be considered in the piping design. Results o f the seismic study o f 402, or the accelerat ions in Table 4-I as appl icable, shal l be used to determine the forces that would be appl icable to the piping design. The longi tud ina l stresses, which are developed in th is ana lys is , shal l meet the requirements of 302.3.6(a) of ANSI B31.3. Al l piping systems shal l be designed to sa fe ly r e s i s t the e f fec ts o f an Operating Basis Earthquake (OBE) and remain funct ional afterwards. Container associated piping up to and including the f i r s t container shu to f f valve in LNG l ines shal l be designed to remain funct ional a f t e r a safe shutdown earthquake (SSE). SUBSTANTIATION: Implements amendments to 402 recommended in Proposal 59A-21.

5gA-48 (602) SUBMITTER: Liquef ied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 602. Add th i rd sentence as fo l lows: Piping systems and components shal l be designed to accom- modate the e f fec ts of fa t igue resu l t ing from the thermal cycl ing to which the systems w i l l be subjected. SUBSTANTIATION: Although the present wording implies fa t igue considerat ion f o r piping mater ia ls , the recommended addi t ion " f lags" the potent ia l problem of thermal cycl ing on the to ta l piping systems and component i n s t a l l a t i o n s .

59A-50 (6102-New) SUBMITTER: Liquef ied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 6102. Add new paragraph as fo l lows: Piping insu la t ion used in areas shal l where the mi t iga t ion o f f i r e exposure is necessary shal~ be made of mater ial (s) which w i l l not propagate f i r e in the i ns ta l l ed con- d i t i on and shal l maintain any propert ies which are necessary during an emergency when exposed to f i r e , heat, cold, or water, as appl icable. SUBSTANTIATION: Intent is to reduce the p o s s i b i l i t y of escalat ing a f i r e emergency due to the piping insu la t ion carrying the f i r e to adjo in ing areas. Insu la t ion r e s i s t - ance to f i r e , heat, cold, and water is only necessary to the extent needed fo r protect ion during the emergency - any normal operat ional insu la t ion charac te r is t i cs would be restored a f t e r the emergency by replacement of any damaged or water soaked insu la t ion systems.

59A-51 (6131) SUBMITTER: Liquefied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 6131. Relocate as non-mandatory footnote l ; add superscript l to "Valves" in the heading of 613; and renumber 6132 as 6131. SUBSTANTIATION: Needed to comply with Manual of Style with respect to separation of mandatory and non-mandatory material.

59A-52 (6220) SUBMITTER:- Liquefied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 6220. Amend as follows: Extended bonnet valves shall be installed with packing seals in such a position as to prevent leakage or malfunction due to freezing. I f the extended bonnet in a cryogenic l iquid l ine is installed at an angle greater than 450 from the upright vertical position, evidence of satisfactory service in the installed position ~hall be demonstrated. SUBSTANTIATION: The recommended amendment has the same intent as the current provision to prevent freezing of the packing seals. Due to size and configuration differences in bonnet valves, the amount of permissible deviation of the bonnet from the vertical wi l l vary from valve to valve. The proposal more clearly defines the performance requirements of the packing seals of the valve when instal lat ion is not vert ical ly upright.

59A-49 (6101-New) SUBMITTER: Liquef ied Natural Gas ConTnittee RECOMMENDATION: 61014 Add new paragraph as fo l lows: Piping which would be exposed to the cold of an LNG or r e f r i ge ran t s p i l l or the heat o f an ign i ted s p i l l during an emergency and such exposure could resu l t in a f a i l u r e o f the piping that would s i g n i f i c a n t l y increase the emergency shal l be ( I ) Made o f material (s) that is su i tab le fo r both i t s normal operating temperature and the extreme temperature which i t might be subjected to during the emergency, or (2) Protected by insu la t ion or other means to delay f a i l u r e due to such extreme temperatures unt i l cor rec t ive act ion may be taken by the operator. SUBSTANTIATION: Gives considerat ion to the e f fec ts of an emergency that may expose the piping to temperatures outside the system's normal operating condit ions resu l t ing from the s p i l l of LNG or re f r i ge ran t . The in tent is to prevent rapid escalat ion o f an emergency that could otherwise be cont ro l led by prompt act ion on the part o f the operator. I f f a i l u r e of the piping would have l i t t l e overa l l e f f ec t on the emergency, e i the r due to the fac t that the f a i l u r e would create i n s i g n i f i c a n t addi t ional hazard or because an emergency that could cause f a i l u r e would already be beyond the control o f the operator , then no piping material or insu la t ion protect ion would be e f fec t i ve nor required.

59A-53 (6221) SUBMITTER: Liquef ied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 6221. Add new las t sentence as fo l lows: LNG container shu to f f valves fo r piping penetrat ions o f the container below the designed LNG l i qu id level shal l be located at the f i r s t c i rcumferent ia l weld (or f lange located at the f i r s t such weld) external to the container and shal l be located inside the impounding area. SUBSTANTIATION: Provides more spec i f i c c r i t e r i a f o r shut- o f f valve locat ion.

59A-54 (6225) SUBMITTER: Liquef ied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 6225. Amend as fo l lows: Valves and valve controls shal l be designed to permit operat ion under ic ing condit ions i f such condit ions can ex is t . SUBSTANTIATION: Restates in ten t of ex is t ing provis ion in more pos i t i ve terminology.

124 59A-55 (6226) SUBMITTER: Liquefied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 6226. Amend f i r s t sentence as follows: Powered operators shall be provided for emergency shut- o f f valves that would require excessive time to operate during an emergency or i f the valve is 8 inches or larger in size. SUBSTANTIATION: The proposed addition expands the cr i ter ia for powered operator to include valves smaller than 8 inch size i f manual operation would be slow enough to contri- bute to the hazards of an emergency.

59A-60 (681) SUBMITTER: Liquefied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATIONS: 681 Amend f i r s t sentence as follows: Austenitic stainless steels and aluminum alloys shall, be protected to prevent unacceptable corrosion and pi t t ing from corrosive atmospheric and industrial substances during storage, construction, fabrication, testing and service. SUBSTANTIATION: Proposed change makes preventative action a requirement in more pbsitive language than the existing statement. "Substances" is a more appropriate def ini t ion of causes of corrosion.

5gA-56 (624) SUBMITTER: L iquef ied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 624. Amend as fo l lows:

624. Pipe Marking 6240. Markings on pipe shal l comply with 6241 and

6242. 6241. Existing 6241 unchanged. 6242. 6242

SUBSTANTIATION: Extends the desi rable requirements o f compatible marking mater ia ls and die stamp res t r i c t i ons to a l l pipe markings and to a l l pipesat a l l temperatures whereas the ex is t ing requirement covered only weld markings and pipe with service temperatures below minus 29 C (minus 20 F).

59A-57 (630) SUBMITTER: Liquef ied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 630. Inser t " , including pipe supporting insu la t ion systems," between "supports" and "whose". SUBSTANTIATION: The proposed addi t ion is a " f l ag " to the designer to insure that not only the s t ructure o f the pipe support is to be considered, but that any insu la t ion used to support the pipe--such as pads o f insu la t ion between the pipe and the s t ruc tura l support, must also provide the stable support when subjected to the speci f ied con- d i t ions of exposure.

59A-58 (6522) SUBMITTER: Liquef ied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 6522. Amend as fo l lows: Al l c ircumfer- en t ia l butt-welds shal l be f u l l y examined by radiographic or u l t rason ic inspect ion, except that piping 6-inches nominal diameter or less and with an operat ing pressure that produces a hoop stress of less than 20% speci f ied minimum y ie l d stress need not be nondestruct ive ly tested provided i t has been v i sua l l y inspected in accordance with 336.4~2 of ANSI B31.3. SUBSTANTIATION: Although the present requirement of 30% inspect ion o f butt-welds is bel ieved to give a representa- t i ve sample of welding and the required pressure tests give ample proof o f s t ruc tura l capab i l i t y o f the piping systems, the proposed amendment w i l l provide fu r the r assurance of weld i n t e g r i t y . The exception is to al low f o r an unpressurized or low pressure piping that has designed safety fac tors that do not j u s t i f y nondestruct ive tes t ing.

59A-59 (6523) SUBMITTER: Liquef ied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 6523. Amend as fo l lows. Al l socket welds and f i l l e t welds shal l be f u l l y examined by l i qu id pene- t ran t or magnetic pa r t i c l e inspect ion. SUBSTANTIATION: Although the present requirement of 30% inspection o f socket and f i l l e t welds is bel ieved to give a representat ive sample o f welding and the required pressure tests give ample proof o f s t ruc tura l capab i l i t y o f the piping systems, the proposed amendment w i l l provide fu r the r assurance at weld i n t e g r i t y .

59A-61 (741, 7410) SUBMITTER: Liquef ied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: R: 741, 7410. Delete. SUBSTANTIATION: Incorporated in proposed new Section 92. See Proposal 59A-79.

59A-62 (802) SUBMITTER: Liquef ied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: When making bulk t ransfers in to s ta t ionary storage containers, the LNG being t rans fer red shal l be, ( I ) compatible in composition or temperature and density with that already in the container or , (2) when the com- pos i t ion or temperature and the density d i f f e r s , means shal l be taken to prevent s t r a t i f i c a t i o n which might resu l t in " r o l l over" and an excessive rate o f vapor evo lu t ion. S t r a t i f i c a t i o n may be prevented by means such as: introducing the denser l i qu id above the surface of the

"stored l i qu id ; introducing the l i g h t e r LNG in to the bottom o f the conta iner ; mechanical ag i t a t i on , or ; introducing the LNG in to the container through an i n l e t nozzle designed to promote mixing. I f a mixing nozzle or ag i ta t ioh system is provided, i t shal l be designed so as to have s u f f i c i e n t energy to accomplish i t s purpose. SUBSTANTIATION: Needed fo r c l a r i f i c a t i o n . Also recognizes that composition and density is an a l t e rna t i ve to temperature and density. Replaces spec i f i c g rav i t y with density as a bet ter term in th is app l ica t ion .

59A-63 (810) SUBMITTER: L iquef ied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 810. Add two sentences as fo l lows: When power operated i so la t i on valves are i ns ta l l ed , an analysis shal l be made to determine that the closure time w i l l not produce a hydraul ic shock capable of causing l i ne or equipment f a i l u r e . I f excessive stresses are indicated by the analys is , increase of valve closure time or other methods shal l be taken to reduce the stresses to a safe leve l . SUBSTANTIATION: Addresses e f fec ts o f quick valve closure and hydraul ic shock.

59A-64 (820) SUBMITTER: Liquef ied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 820. Amend f i r s t sentence as fo l lows: In addi t ion to a l oca l l y mounted device f o r shutdown o f the pump or compressor dr ive , a read i l y accessible remotely located device shal l be provided a minimum of 7.62 meters 125 f t . ) away from the equipment to shutdown the pump or compressor in an emergency. SUBSTANTIATION: Provides more spec i f i c guidance regarding how fa r the devices need to be located from the equipment.

59A-65 (834) SUBMITTER: Liquef ied Natural Gas Committee

125 RECOMMENDATION: Add new four th sentence as fo l lows: Unless the valve w i l l automat ical ly f a i l closed on loss of power, the valve actuator and i t s power supply wi th in 15.24 meters (50 f t . ) o f the valve shal l be protected against operational, f a i l u r e due to a f i r e exposure of at

l e a s t I0 minutes durat ion. SUBSTANTION: Unless protect ion is provided, the valve could quickly become inoperable and defeat the purpose o f the required remotely located control s ta t ion .

59A-66 (8601-New) SUBMITTER: Liquef ied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 8601. Add new paragraph as fo l lows add renumber ex is t ing 8601 and 8602 as 8602 and 8603: Written procedures shal l be ava i lab le to cover a l l t rans fe r operat ions and shal l cover emergency as well as normal operat ing procedures. They shal l be kept up to date and ava i l - able to a l l personnel engaged in t rans fe r operat ions. SUBSTANTIATION: Procedures'should be made ava i lab le to cover t rans fe r operat ions.

92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99.

SUBSTANTIATION:

sion o f deta i led f i r e protect ion provis ions com- p le te l y appl icable to a l l f a c i l i t i e s " . See Proposal 59A-79 fo r d ispos i t ion o f ex is t ing 902.

903. Exist ing 901 amended per Proposal 59A-74 904. Exist ing 921 amended per Proposal 59A-75 905. Exist ing 922 unchanged

91. Unchanged. 910. Amend per Proposal 59A-76

9100. Exist ing 9100 unchanged 9101. Exist ing 9101 and 9102 combined and amended

per Proposal 59A-79 9102. Exist ing 911 amended per Proposal 59A-78

New per Proposal 59A-79 Exist ing 92 amended in part per Proposal 59A-80 Exist ing 924 amended per Proposal 59A-81 Exist ing 923 amended per Proposal 59A-82 New per Proposal 59A-83 New per Proposal 59A-84 Exist ing 94 amended per Proposal 59A-85 Exist ing 93 and 95 amended per Proposal 59A-86

Included in TCR to f a c i l i t a t e review and comment.

59A-67 (8604-New) SUBMITTER: Liquef ied Natural. Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 8604. Add new paragraph as fo l lows and renumber ex is t ing 8603 through 8607 as 8605 through 8609: Where mul t ip le products are loaded or unloaded at the same locat ion, loading arms, hoses or manifolds shal l be i den t i f i ed or marked to ind icate the product or products to be handled by each system. SUBSTANTIATION: Marking or i d e n t i f i c a t i o n is desi rable to prevent handling the wrong product in a system designed f o r a d i f f e r e n t product.

59A-68 (872-New) SUBMITTER: Liquef ied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 872. Add new paragraph as fo l lows and renumber ex is t ing 872 through 874 as 873 through 875:

'Loading arms used fo r marine loading or unloading shal l be provided with alarms to ind icate when the arms are approaching the l im i ts o f t he i r extension envelopes." SUBSTANTIATION: I t is not read i l y apparent by visual observation when loading arms are near the l im i t o f t h e i r operating envelope. Excessive ship movement could resu l t in arm f a i l u r e . Such alarms are read i l y ava i lab le and used at many locat ions.

59A-69 (Section 88) SUBMITTER: Liquef ied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: Section 88. Amend as fo l lows:

88. Add "and Light ing" to heading. 880. Exist ing 880 unchanged. 881. Add new paragraph as fo l lows:

"A l l t rans fe r areas shal l be i l luminated in accordance with Recommended Practice fo r E lec t r ica l I ns ta l l a t i ons in Petroleum Proces- sing Plants, American Petroleum Ins t i t u te (API) RP 540 (1974)"*

*See Appendix B f o r a v a i l a b i l i t y . SUBSTANTIATION: Transfer areas should be well l ighted.

59A-70 (Chapter 9) SUBMITTER: Liquef ied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: E d i t o r i a l l y rearrange and amend as fo l lows:

TITLE (Amend per Proposal 59A-71) 90. Unchanged.

900. Amend per Proposal 59A-72 901. New per . . . . -73 902. Delete ex is t ing 902 and replace with ex is t ing

920 amended by replacing "makes prov is ion o f any spec i f i c design f o r f i r e and leak control measures impractical in th is Standard" with "covered by th is Standard precludes the inc lu -

59A-71 (Chapter 9) SUBMITTER: Liquef ied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: Chapter 9. Amend t i t l e o f Chapter 9 as fo l lows: FIRE PROTECTION, SAFETY AND SECURITY. SUBSTANTIATION: Reflects re locat ion o f secur i ty p rov i - sions from Chapter 2 to Chapter 9.

5gA-72 /900) SUBMITTER: Liquef ied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 900. Amend f i r s t sentence by changing "o f " to "from"; and by delet ing "acc identa l l y " . Amend second sentence by delet ing "extensive" . Add th i rd sentence as fo l lows: This Chapter also includes basic p lant secur i ty provis ions. SUBSTANTIATION: Extends standard to apply to consequences o f re leas~whether accidental or otherwise and deletes q u a l i t a t i v e and superfluous word.

59A-73 (901-New) SUBMITTER: Liquef ied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 901. Replace with new Subsection as fo l lows: Fire protect ion shal l be provided fo r a l l LNG f a c i l i t i e s . The extent o f such protect ion shal l be determined by an evaluat ion based upon sound f i r e protect ion engineering p r inc ip les , analysis o f local condi t ions, hazards wi th in the f a c i l i t y and exposure to or from other property. Such an evaluat ion shal l determine, as a minimum: (a) The type, quant i ty and locat ion o f equipment necessary fo r the detect ion and control o f f i res ,~ leaks and s p i l l s o f LNG, flammable re f r ige ran ts o f flammable gases. (b) The type, quant i ty and locat ion o f equipment necessary fo r the detect ion and control o f potent ia l non-process and e lec t r i ca l f~res. (c) The methods necessary fo r protect ion of the equipment and structures from the e f fec ts o f f i r e exposure. (d) Fire protect ion water systems (See 94). (e) Fire ext inguishing and other f i r e control equipment (See 95). ( f ) The equipment and processes to be incorporated wi th in the Emergency Shutdown System (ESD) (See 92), including analysis o f sub-systems, i f any, and the need fo r depressuring spec i f i c vessels or equipment during a f i r e emergency. (g) The type and locat ion of sensors necessary to i n i t i a t e automatic operat ion of the ESD or i t s sub-systems. (h) The a v a i l a b i l i t y and duties o f ind i - vidual p lant personnel and the a v a i l a b i l i t y of external response personnel during an emergency. ( i ) The pro tec t ive equipment and special t ra in ing needed by the ind iv idual p lant personnel f o r t he i r respect ive emergency dut ies. SUBSTANTIATION: Provides systematic basis f o r development o f f i r e protect ion systems and fo r provis ions elsewhere in Chapter 9. See Proposal 59A-74 fo r d ispos i t ion o f ex is t ing 901.

126 59A-74 (903-existing 901) SUBMITTER: Liquefied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 903. Amend as follows:

903. A detailed emergency procedure manual shall be prepared to cover the potential emergency conditions which may develop whether or not a f i r e has occurred. Such procedures shall include but not necessarily be limited to, the following: shutdown or isolation of various portions of the equipment and other applicable steps to ensure that the escape of gas or l iquid is promptly cut o f f or reduced as much as possible, use of f i r e protection f ac i l i t i es , not i f icat ion of public authorit ies, f i r s t aid and duties of personnel.

9030. The emergency procedure manual shall be kept readily available in the operating control room and i t shall be updated as required by changes in equipment or procedures.

9031. All personnel shall be trained in their respective duties contained in the emergency manual. Those personnel responsible for the use of f i r e protection or other plant emergency equipment shall be trained in the use of that equipment, Refresher training shall be conducted at least on an annual basis. NFPA 27, Private Fire Brigades, shall be used as a guide in the development of this training.

SUBSTANTIATION: Amendment to paragraph'903 is largely editor ial but expanded to cover use of f i r e protection fac i l i t i es , not i f icat ion of public safety authorit ies, f i r s t aid, and duties of personnel. 9030 and 9031 are

new and intended to implement 903.

59A-75 (904-existing 902) SUBMITTER: Liquefied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 904. Amend by deleting "and leak"; by changing "handle" to "respond to"; by adding a superscript l af ter the last word, "emergencies"; and by adding a footnote l as follows: l.The National Fire Protection Associ- ation, Americen Gas Association and American Petroleum Insti tute can furnish material useful in the planning of emergency procedures. SUBSTANTIATION: Deletion at leak control aspect reflects essential act iv i ty at plant emergency provisions in this context. Change from "handle" to "respond to" acknow- ledges role of plant emergency measures. Footnote identi- f ies sources of pertinent information.

59A-76 (910) SUBMITTER: Liquefied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 910. Amend by deleting "the use of" ; changing "open flames" to " ignit ion sources"; and by changing "plant force" to "protective enclosure". SUBSTANTIATION: Expression "the use of" is superfluous. "Ignit ion sources" is broader in application than "open flames". A plant fence is only one type of protective enclosure (see 9700, Proposal 59A-84) and the provision is applicable to al l types.

59A-77 (9101 - existing 9101 and 9102) SUBMITTER: Liquefied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 9101. Combine existing 9101 and 9102 and amend as follows: Welding, cutting and similar operations shall be conducted only at times and in places specif ical ly authorized and in accordance with the provisions of Fire Prevention in Use of Cutting and Welding Processes, NFPA No. 51B. SUBSTANTIATION: Combines closely related provisions, defines extent of supervision in context of NFPA 51B and extends application to other than operating periods - e.g., construction or turn around.

59A-78 9102 (existing 911) SUBMITTER: Liquefied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 9102.

Renumber existing 911 as 9102 and amend as follows: Vehicles and other mobile equipment which constitute

potential ignit ion sources shall be prohibited within impounding areas or within 15.24 meters (50 feet) of containers or equipment containg LNG, flammable l iquids, or flammable refrigerants except when specif ical ly authorized and under constant supervision or when at loading or unloading fac i l i t i es specif ical ly for the purpose. SUBSTANTIATION: Extends provision to locations in impounding areas further than 15.24 meters from containers and confirms intent to include containers. Word "process" is superfluous and could convey an unintended restr ict ion of the nature of equipment. Phrase applying to transfer fac i l i t i es specif ical ly recognizes need for cargo vehicles in such locations.

59A-79 (Section 92 - New) SUBMITTER: L iquef ied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: Section 92. Add new Section 92 as f o l - lows:

92. Emergency Shutdown Systems. 920. Each LNG fac i l i t y shall incorporate an Emer-

gency Shutdown System (ESD) or Systems, which, when operated, wi l l isolate or shut-off a source of LNG, flammable l iquids, flammable refr igerant, or flammable gases, and shut down equipment whose continued operation could add to or continue an emergency. Any equipment, such as valves or control systems, which is specified in another Chaptermay be used to satisfy the requirements of an ESD except where otherwise indicated - e.g., 522.

9200. I f equipment shutdown wil l introduce an additional hazard, or result in substantial mechanical damage to equipment, the shutdown of such equipment or i ts auxi l iar ies may be omitted from the ESD provided that the effects of continued release of flammable or combustible f luids are controlled.

921. Vessels containing liquids and which are subject to metal overheating and catastrophic' fa i lure from f i re exposure and not otherwise protected, shall be depressurized by the emergency shutdown system.

922. The ESD, or Systems, shall be of fa i lsafe design or otherwise installed, located or protected so as to minimize the possibi l i ty that i t may become inoperative in the event of an emergency or fa i lure at the normal control system. Emer- gency Shutdown Systems which are not of f a i l - safe design shall have al l components which are located within 15.24 meters (50 feet) of the equipment to be cont ro l led e i t he r ( I ) i ns ta l l ed or located where they w i l l not be exposed to a f i r e , or (2) be protected against f a i l u r e due to a f i r e exposure of at leas t I0 minutes durat ion.

923. I n i t i a t i o n o f the ESD, or Systems, shal l e i t he r be manual, automatic, or both manual and automatic, depending upon the resu l ts o f the eva l - uation performed in accordance with 901. Manual actuators shal l be located in an area accessible in an emergency, at leas t 15.24 meters (50 fee t ) from the equipment i t serves, and shal l be d i s t i n c t l y and conspicuously marked with t h e i r designated funct ion.

SUBSTANTIATION: Iden t i f i es and prescribes the in ten t , coverage and r e l i a b i l i t y o f Emergency Shutdown Systems. Incorporates in ten t of ex is t ing 902.

59A-80 (Section 93 - existing 92 in part) SUBMITTER: Liquefied Natural Gas Committee

127 RECOMMENDATION: Section 93. Amend as fo l lows: 93. Fire and Leak Control• 930. Those areas, including enclosed bu i ld ings, which have a potent ia l f o r flammable gas con- cent ra t ions, LNG or flammable r e f r i ge ran t s p i l l s , and f i r e , shal l be monitored as appropr iate. 931. Continuously mon- i to red low temperature sensors or flammable gas detect ion systems shal l sound an alarm at the plant s i t e and at a constant ly attended locat ion i f the plant s i t e is not con- t inuously manned• Flammable gas detect ion systems shal l sound th is alarm at not more than 25 percent o f the lower

"flammable l i m i t o f the gas or vapor being monitored• 932. Fire detectors shal l sound an alarm at the plant s i t e , and at a constant ly attended locat ion i f the plant s i t e is not cont inua l ly manned• In add i t ion , i f so determined by an evaluat ion in accordance with 901, f i r e detectors may ac t iva te appropr iate port ions o f l t he ESD. 933. The detect ion systems determined in 901 shal l be designed, i ns ta l l ed and maintained in accordance with the fo l lowing NFPA standards, as appl icable: (a) NFPA 72A, Local Pro- tec t i ve Signaling Systems, (b) NFPA 72B, Aux i l i a ry Pro- tec t i ve Signal ing Systems, (c) NFPA 72C, Remote Stat ion Protect ive Signaling Systems, (d) NFPA 72D, Propr ie tary Protect ive Signaling Systems, (e) NFPA 72E, Automatic Fire Detectors, ( f ) NFPA 73, Public Fire Service Communi- cations• SUBSTANTIATION: Central izes provis ions intended to implement 901. Proposed 930 and 931 includes parts of ex is t ing 926 and expands the types of hazards covered beyond flam- mabi l i ty . Proposed 932 and 933 are new, implement 901, and estab l ish basic c r i t e r i a fo r detect ion systems•

59A-81 (Section 94 - existing 924 in part) SUBMITTER: L,iquefied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: Section 94. Add new Section 94 as follows:

94. Fire Protection Water Systems. 940. A water supply and a system for dfstributing

and applying water shall be provided for protection at exposures; cooling containers, equipment and piping; and controll ing unignited leaks and sp i l ls ; unless an evaluation in accordance with 901 indicates the use of water is unnecessary.

941. The design of f i r e water supply and d is t r i - bution systems, i f provided, shall provide for the simultaneous supply of those fixed f i re protection systems, including monitor nozzles, at their design flow and pressure, involved in the maximum single incident expected in the plant plus an allowance of 63L/s (lO00 gpm) for hand hose streams, for a period of not less than 2 hours.

942. Fire protection water systems shall be designed, installed and maintained in accordance with the following NFPA standards, as applicable: (a) NFPA 13, (b) " 13A,

(c) " 14, (d) " 15, (e) " 20 , ( f ) " 22,

(g) " 24, (h) " 26, ( i ) " 194,

( j ) " 196,

I ns ta l l a t i on o f Spr ink ler Systems Care and Maintenance of Spr ink ler Systems Standpipe and Hose Systems Water Spray Fixed Systems Centr i fugal Fire Pumps Water Tanks fo r Pr ivate Fire Protect ion Outside Protect ion Supervision of Water Supply Valves Screw Threads and Gaskets fo r Fire Hose Connections Fire Hose

(k) " 198, Care of Fire Hose SUBSTANTIATION: Proposed 940 includes in ten t o f ex is t ing 924 and corre la tes with proposed 901. Proposed 941 and 942 are new and provide c r i t e r i a f o r water demand rate and quant i ty and fo r app l ica t ion o f f i r e protect ion water systems.

59A-82 -(Section 95 - ex is t ing 923 in par t ) SUBMITTER: Liquef ied Natura] Gas Committee

RECOMMENDATION: Section 95, Add new Section 95 as fo l lows: 95. Fire Extinguishing and Other Fire Control Equip-

ment. 951. Exist ing 923 amended by adding " , a s determined

in accordance with 901~'between " locat ions" and "within">

952. Fixed f i r e ext inguishing and other f i r e control systems may be appropr iate fo r the protect ion o f spec i f i c hazards as determined in accordance with 901. ~f provided, such systems shal l be designed, i ns ta l l ed and maintained in accordance with the fo l lowing NFPA standards as appl icable: (a) NFPA I I , Foam Extinguishing Systems (b) " I IA, High Expansion Foam Systems (c) " l iB , Synthetic Foam and Combined

Agent Systems (d) " 12, Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing

Systems (e) " 12A, Halogenated Extinguishing

Agent Systems - Halon 1301 ( f ) " 12B, Halogenated Extinguishing

Agent Systems - Halon 1211 (g) " 16, Foam-Water Spr ink ler and Spray

• Systems (h) " 17, Dry Chemical Ex t i ngu i sh ing

Systems 953. I f provided, automative and t r a i l e r mounted

f i r e apparatus shal l not be used f o r any other purpose. Fire trucks shal l conform to app l i - cable port ions of NFPA 1901, Automotive Fire Apparatus.

954. Plant assigned automotive vehicles shal l be provided with a minimum of one portable dry chemical ext inguisher having a capacity o f not less than 20 pounds.

SUBSTANTIATION: Provide~ c r i t e r i a fo r f i xed f i r e ex t i n - guishing systems and other f i r e control equipment•

59A-83 (96 - New) SUBMII3TER: Liquefied Natural Gas Committee ~ A T I O N : Section 96• Add new Section 96 as fo l - lows:

96. Maintenance of Fire Protection Equipment. 960 Faci l i ty operators shall prepare and imple-

ment a maintenance program for al l plant f i re protection equipment. SUBSTAN}IATION: Requires specific maintenance program.

59A-84 (Section 97 - New and ex is t ing 202) SUBMITTER: Liquef ied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: Section 97. Add new Sections as fo l lows:

97. Security• 970. The f a c i l i t y operator shal l provide a secur i ty

system with cont ro l led access which shal l be designed to minimize entry by unauthorized persons•

9700. Relocate ex is t ing 202 as 9700 and amend by changing."such as" to " inc lud ing" ; and by changing "202" to "9700" in the las t paragraph•

9701. LNG f a c i l i t i e s shal l be i l luminated in the v i c i n i t y o f p ro tec t ive enclosures and in other areas as necessary to promote secur i ty of the f a c i l i t y • .

SUBSTANTIATION:' Combines and expands provis ions covering plant secur i ty•

59A-85 (98 - ex is t ing 94) SUBMITTER: Liquef ied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 98. Renumber and amend as fo l lows:

98. Exist ing 94 unchanged• 980. Exist ing 940 unchanged•

9800• Exist ing 9400 unchanged.

128 981. Those employees determined in accordance with

9Ol who wi l l be involved in emergency act iv i - ties shall be equipped with the necessary clothing and equipment. Protective clothing shall comply with NFPA 1971, Protective Equip- ment for Structural Fire Fighting, with an impermeable outer shell. Those employees requiring such protective clothing shall also be equipped with helmets, face shields, gloves and boots suitable for the intended exposure.

982. Existing 942 amended as follows: "Self-contained breathing apparatus shall be provided for those employees who may be required to enter an atmosphere which could be injurious to health during an emergency. Such apparatus shall comply with NFPA 19B, Respiratory Protective Equipment for Fire Fighters, and be maintained in accordance with the manufacturers' instructions.

983. Existing 941 unchanged. SUBSTANTIATION: Provides more specific guidance for the safety of emergency personnel.

59A-86 (99 - existing Sections 93 and 95) SUBMITTER: Liquefied Natural Gas Committee RECOMMENDATION: 99. Combine and amend as follows:

99. Other Operations 990. Existing 930 unchanged. 9~I " 931 "

992. " 932 "

1"Existing footnote to 95 amended by deleting " f i re" and "gas concentration".

SUBSTANTIATION: Material deleted in footnote is intluded in new 931 and 932. See Proposal 59A-80.

59A-87 (Chapter 9) SUBMITTER: Wallace D. Malmstedt, American Insurance Assoc. RECOMMENDATION: Chapter 9. Add provisions covering Pro- tection for Exposures and Personnel to Chapter 9 as fo l - lows:

(a) Maximum vapor tra@el limits shall be established around each LNG fac i l i t y .

(b) Ignition systems, actuated by vapor detection devices, shall be installed at the established maximum vapor travel limits and shall automatically ignite vapor at the lower flammable l imit .

(c) Early warning systems for alerting plant personnel of an impending automatic vapor ignit ion situation shall be installed.

(d) Plant personnel bunkers shall be installed for protection of plant operators under vapor ignit ion conditions.

SUBSTANTIATION: The standard permits vapor travel unti l the vapor finds an ignit ion source at some point within or beyond the property l ine. I f adjacent areas subject to vapor travel involvement contain people, i t cannot be assumed that the people are expendable, property perhaps,

but not people. Therefore, there must be an assumption that the LNG plant is expendable. The proposed additions are based on the premise that an LNG plant is expendable. COMMITTEE ACTION: Decline. COMMITTEE COMMENT: NFPA 59A currently l imits vapor travel both within and beyond the plant boundaries to a very considerable extent - e.g., 2121 and proposed 2122. Never- theless, i t is impossible to guarantee that an ignitable mixture wil l ~ b e restricted to areas where ignit ion wi l l not occur and exposure to persons or property wil l not result. I t does not follow that either persons or property are expendable - only that additional measures may be necessary to minimize casualties or property damage further. The proposal suggests an automatic intentional ignit ion system designed primarily to decrease the exposure to persons outside the plant boundaries. Parts (c) and (d) of the Proposal appear to acknowledge an increased level of r isk to persons within the plant boundaries. The Sub- mitter's Substantiation presumes that an LNG plant property is expendable. The Committee is aware that similar protective philoso- phies have been proposed in connection with fac i l i t i es

, having quite comparable hazards over several decades of operation and a few instal lat ions of such systems have been made. However, i t is not aware of any that have remained in service for any length of time or is i t aware of any documented instances of operation - either successful or unsuccessful. In addition to a lack of experience, the Committee is not aware of any other rel iable cr i ter ia - e.g., research tests - for the design of such a system which would jus t i f y a reasonable degree of confidence that i t would rel iably

accomplish i ts purpose. Experience with ignit ion systems on residential and industrial heat producing equipment (a functionally much simpler operation) reveals a degree of r e l i ab i l i t y which would not be acceptable in the context of this Proposal. Considering the degree of achievement of the intent of parts (c) and (d) in practice, the Proposal v i r tua l ly assures the deaths or severe injury of persons within the plant boundaries. The Proposal must be presumed to consider accidental ignit ion beyond plant boundaries as a certainty or at least extremely probable. Experience with accidentally released large quantities of flammable f lu ids, including l iquefied gases, clearly indicates that ignit ion is by no means a certainty. While in no way placing an undue dependence upon this, i t does not seem advisable to to ta l ly eliminate this possibi l i ty. To the degree to which such a system was successful, i t would result in f i r e in the fac i l i t y . There can be no absolute assurance that al l such f i res can be confined to the fac i l i t y . Neither can there be any assurance that f i r e and other emergency personnel wi l l be in a position to forego efforts to control or extinguish such a f i re . To the extent that their involvement is increased by operation of such a system, their risks wil l be increased. After much study and deliberation of this complex matter, the Committee believes that the disadvantages of an intentional ignit ion system outweigh any possible advantages. I t can not conscientiously endorse such a proposal for inclusion in NFPA 59A.

115 - NFPA

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