CHAPTER 11, SECTION 3Progressivism Under Taft and Wilson

A. Taft’s Presidency

With TR’s backing, Taft easily won the election of 1908 against Democrat William Jennings Bryan (who ran for the 3rd and last time!)

1. Conflict Over Tariffs Taft wanted to lower taxes, but the Senate out maneuvered him.

What did the Payne-Aldrich Tariff do? Actually raised the tariff, which angered many Progressives and hurt Taft politically

2. The Ballinger-Pinchot Affair

Richard Ballinger, Taft’s Secretary of the Interior, angered conservationists because he sided with big business on issues dealing with developing federal lands in the west.

Gifford Pinchot, head of the US Forest Service, exposed that Ballinger had given business interests special treatment in land dealings.

What happened to Pinchot? Was fired by Taft

B. Turmoil in the Republican Party

1. The Midterm Elections of 1910After returning from a trip abroad, TR realized the political turmoil but refrained from criticizing his old friend Taft.But in 1910, he campaigned for Progressives in the midterm elections on the idea of New Nationalism What was New Nationalism?income and inheritance tax, business regulation, and welfare laws (Social Reform)

C. The Election of 1912 TR challenged Taft for the Republican nomination Taft used his control of the convention won the nomination How did TR and his supporters react? Marched out of convention and formed their own political party – The Progressive or Bull Moose party

1. The Bull Moose Party Focused on tariff reduction, child labor ban, 8 hour work day, federal worker’s compensation, and direct election of senate

Nicknamed the Bull Moose Party from a quote by Theodore Roosevelt. When asked whether he was fit to be president, he responded that he was as fit as a "bull moose." ---- EXTRA CREDIT QUESTION - What is a “Bull Moose?”

2. Taft’s RecordWhat were some of Taft’s accomplishments as President? Reserved more public land and filed more anti-Trust cases then TR

3. Wilson’s New FreedomNew Jersey Governor Woodrow Wilson, (Chosen by Democratic Party)Called his plan ‘New Freedom” What did this mean

Enforce anti-trust laws without threatening economic competition

C. The Election of 1912

4. A Four-Way Election - 1912

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/wilson/sfeature/sf_loss.html

D. Wilson’s Policies as President As former president of Princeton and governor of New Jersey, Wilson acquired a reputation as a tireless reformer.

1. Tariffs and TaxesFirst major victory was the Underwood Tariff of 1913 that reduced tariff rates 40% - How did he make up this lost revenue? 16th Amendment

2. Attacking the TrustsClayton Anti-Trust Act of 1914 strengthened the Sherman Anti-Trust Act – regulating certain business practices.What did the Federal Trade Commission do?Had the power to order business to stop unfair business practices

3. The Federal Reserve SystemWilson wanted to overhaul the Federal Banking SystemCongress passed the Federal Reserve Act – 1913

o Created 12 districts, each with a Fed Banko Every national bank had to join – What was the purpose here?o Regulate the money supply in the United States

4. Brandies to the Supreme CourtFirst Jewish Supreme Court justice in American history.

5. Wilson Wins a Second TermWilson ran on “he kept us out of war” and won 277 to 254 over Charles Evan Hughes.

WE KNOW THAT.......

the elephant is the symbol of the republican party

the moose is the symbol of the progressive party

the leader of the progressive party was previously the leader of the republican party

the mascot of the democratic party is the donkey

USING THE PIE CHART WILL HELP US UNDERSTAND THE POLITICAL CARTOON

YOUR TICKET OUT: EXPLAIN THE ILLUSTRATION BELOW.

E. The Limits of Progressivism

1.Social Justice and Progressivism The Progressive presidents took little action to pursue social justice reforms – no work for women’s suffrage or ending Jim Crow

2.The End of Progressivism What will end Americans interest in reform?

US entry in WW I