MUTATIONS Section 11.3Section 11.3

pgs. 296 - 301pgs. 296 - 301

Biology 2/17/14 Mrs. Biology 2/17/14 Mrs. TurgeonTurgeon““Education is not preparation for life; education is life itself.”-John DeweyEducation is not preparation for life; education is life itself.”-John Dewey

DO NOW:DO NOW:1. Pass forward homework (grades w/ parent signature)1. Pass forward homework (grades w/ parent signature)2. In your notes: What is a codon?2. In your notes: What is a codon?

AGENDA:AGENDA:1.1.SWBAT describe transcription and translation of DNASWBAT describe transcription and translation of DNA2.2.Content QuizContent Quiz

ANNOUNCEMENT:ANNOUNCEMENT:1.1.Science club is meeting today & tomorrow! Field trip this Saturday!Science club is meeting today & tomorrow! Field trip this Saturday!

Extra Credit if you attend the field trip!Extra Credit if you attend the field trip!Wear your T Shirt!Wear your T Shirt!

Biology 2/18/14 Mrs. Biology 2/18/14 Mrs. TurgeonTurgeon““The best way to find out if you can trust somebody is to trust them.”The best way to find out if you can trust somebody is to trust them.”-Ernest Hemingway-Ernest Hemingway

DO NOW:DO NOW:1. Turn in your grade print out- use the library if necessary1. Turn in your grade print out- use the library if necessary2. In your notes: What is the building block of a protein?2. In your notes: What is the building block of a protein?

AGENDA:AGENDA:1.1.SWBAT categorize DNA mutations by taking notes and working in SWBAT categorize DNA mutations by taking notes and working in teamsteams

ANNOUNCEMENT:ANNOUNCEMENT:1. Science club is meeting today! Field trip this Saturday! Extra Credit 1. Science club is meeting today! Field trip this Saturday! Extra Credit will be given to students who attend the field trip!will be given to students who attend the field trip!

Biology 2/19/14 Mrs. Biology 2/19/14 Mrs. TurgeonTurgeon““The secret of getting ahead is getting started” -Mark twainThe secret of getting ahead is getting started” -Mark twain

DO NOW:DO NOW:1. In your notes: What are the two main classifications of mutations? 1. In your notes: What are the two main classifications of mutations? Which type poses the largest threat?Which type poses the largest threat?

AGENDA:AGENDA:1.1.SWBAT categorize DNA mutations by working in teamsSWBAT categorize DNA mutations by working in teams

ANNOUNCEMENT:ANNOUNCEMENT:1.1.Science club is meeting today! Field trip this Saturday! Extra Credit will Science club is meeting today! Field trip this Saturday! Extra Credit will be given to students who attend the field trip!be given to students who attend the field trip!

HOMEWORK:HOMEWORK:1. Complete the worksheet: Mutations (Due Thursday)1. Complete the worksheet: Mutations (Due Thursday)

Take out a sheet of paper and Take out a sheet of paper and write both lab partners names on write both lab partners names on it. Number it from 1- 8 and answer it. Number it from 1- 8 and answer the questions as they are the questions as they are presented.presented.1. What concepts/ideas come to mind when 1. What concepts/ideas come to mind when you hear the term mutation?you hear the term mutation?2. Why might a mutation have little or no 2. Why might a mutation have little or no harmful effect on an organism?harmful effect on an organism?

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES Categorize different kinds of Categorize different kinds of

mutations that can occur in DNA.mutations that can occur in DNA. Compare the effects of different Compare the effects of different

kinds of mutations on cells and kinds of mutations on cells and organisms.organisms.

Mutations Mutations MutationMutation = change in DNA sequence = change in DNA sequence

3. When or how could DNA be changed?3. When or how could DNA be changed?

Mutations can be caused by Mutations can be caused by errorserrors in in replication, replication, transcription, translation, cell division, or external transcription, translation, cell division, or external agents.agents.

Mutations in Mutations in Reproductive CellsReproductive Cells can affect can affect potential offspring potential offspring (ex: inheritable genetic (ex: inheritable genetic disorders)disorders)

Mutations in Mutations in Body CellsBody Cells do notdo not get passed onto get passed onto offspring offspring (ex: if an individual develops skin cancer)(ex: if an individual develops skin cancer)

MUTATIONSMUTATIONS Ex. 1 - THE DOG RAN ALL DAY becomes Ex. 1 - THE DOG RAN ALL DAY becomes THE DOG SRA NAL LDA YTHE DOG SRA NAL LDA Y oror Ex. 2 - THE DOG RAN ALL DAY becomesEx. 2 - THE DOG RAN ALL DAY becomes THE DOG RAN ALL DADTHE DOG RAN ALL DAD4. Explain what happened in the 14. Explain what happened in the 1stst example. example.5. Explain what happened in the 25. Explain what happened in the 2ndnd example. example.6. Why are the words 3 letters long?6. Why are the words 3 letters long?

Types of Mutations - Types of Mutations - can alter the genetic code causing changes to amino acids and then the protein produced.

Frameshift - moves reading frame to the left or right. Original sentence – THE DOG RAN ALL DAYDeletionDeletion = a base is deleted (THE DOG ANA LLD AY) = a base is deleted (THE DOG ANA LLD AY)InsertionInsertion = a base is added (THE DOG SRA NAL LDA Y) = a base is added (THE DOG SRA NAL LDA Y)

Point Mutation/Substitution – Point Mutation/Substitution – One base One base is substituted in place of another is substituted in place of another possibly altering amino acids producedpossibly altering amino acids produced

Missense Mutation Missense Mutation – changes the amino acid– changes the amino acid THE DOG RAN ALL DAYTHE DOG RAN ALL DAY THE DOG RAN ALL THE DOG RAN ALL DADDAD

POINT MUTATION/SUBSTITIUTIONPOINT MUTATION/SUBSTITIUTION Nonsense Mutation Nonsense Mutation – changes amino acid to – changes amino acid to

a stop codon.a stop codon. THE DOG RAN ALL DAYTHE DOG RAN ALL DAY THE DOG RAN ALLTHE DOG RAN ALL

POINT MUTATION/SUBSTITUTIONPOINT MUTATION/SUBSTITUTION

Silent Mutation Silent Mutation – Doesn’t change the – Doesn’t change the amino acidamino acid

7. Using the chart on pg. 292 give an 7. Using the chart on pg. 292 give an example of how changing one of the 3 example of how changing one of the 3 bases in a codon would result in a bases in a codon would result in a Silent Silent Mutation.Mutation.

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072556781/student_view0/chapter11/animation_quiz_4.html

8. Describe what has happened to the each 8. Describe what has happened to the each chromosome above. chromosome above.

Chromosomal AlterationsChromosomal AlterationsChromosomes can be Chromosomes can be

- - broken off or lost during mitosis/meiosisbroken off or lost during mitosis/meiosis- break off and rejoin incorrectly- break off and rejoin incorrectly

Fig. 11.12 pg. 300 – Four kinds of chromosomal Fig. 11.12 pg. 300 – Four kinds of chromosomal mutations.mutations.1.1.DeletionDeletion2.2.InsertionInsertion3.3.InversionInversion4.4.TranslocationTranslocation

Mutation of genetic Mutation of genetic material will affect material will affect the proteins the proteins producedproduced

Textbook pg. 299 #’s 1&4Textbook pg. 299 #’s 1&4

Working with another lab group answer Working with another lab group answer questions 1 & 4 on the dry erase boards.questions 1 & 4 on the dry erase boards.Be prepared to share your answers with Be prepared to share your answers with other groups.other groups.

Sickle Cell – result from the change Sickle Cell – result from the change in one base on Chromosome 11.in one base on Chromosome 11.

Cause & RepairCause & Repair Some mutations are spontaneous others Some mutations are spontaneous others

can be the result of long term exposure to can be the result of long term exposure to mutagens mutagens

MutagenMutagen = any agent that causes DNA = any agent that causes DNA change change (ex: harmful chemicals, radiation)(ex: harmful chemicals, radiation)

Cells have Cells have repair mechanismsrepair mechanisms and and special enzymesspecial enzymes that can fix incorrect that can fix incorrect DNA.DNA.