11.2 Blood: A Fluid Tissue

Pages 482-486

Function of Blood

• Delivers oxygen to cells, picks up carbon dioxide• Delivers nutrients to cells and collects wastes• Temperature regulation• Circulation of hormones

Components

• Red blood cells• White blood cells• Platelets• Plasma

Plasma

• 90% water• Dissolved O2, CO2, glucose, vitamins and

minerals, wastes• Proteins:for clotting, immunity and water

balance• Dissolve ions Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl-, and HCO3

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Albumins

• Control water levels in the blood

Globulins

• Transport lipids, cholesterol, fat-soluble vitamins (A,D,E and K), some minerals

• Immunoglobulins (antibodies)

Fibrinogen

• Role in blood clotting

Serum

• Plasma with fibrinogen and clotting factors removed.

Erythrocytes

• Red blood cells• Biconcave disks• 135 RBC’s per mm• Formed from stem cells in bone marrow• No nucleus in mature cells• Lifespan 120 days• Liver and spleen break RBC’s down

Leukocytes

• White blood cells• nucleus• Granular leukocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils

and basophils) kill bacteria• Agranular leukocytes (lymphocytes,

monocytes) engulf bacteria• Pus

Granules

Platelets

• Protection• Produced in the bone marrow• Blood clotting• Platelets and fibrinogen form clot

Blood Count

• Hemocytometer• Anemia (low RBC coun t)

Plasma

Plasma 55-58%• Water 91-92% • Plasma proteins 7-8%• Dissolved things 1-2%

Cells

• Platelets 250000-300000 per microlitreLeukocytes• Neutrophils 3000-6750• Lymphocytes 1000-2700• Monocytes/macrophages 150-720• Eosinophils 100-360• Basophils 25-90

• Erythrocytes 4 800 000-5 400 000

Blood Types

• Markers A and B• Type A…marker A• Type B…marker B• Type AB…marker A & B• Type O…no marker

Immune response

• Transfusions of blood with a different marker causes an immune response

Rhesus Factor

• 85% are Rh-positive

Artificial Blood

• HBOC hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers• PFCE perfluorocarbon emulsions