1.1 Population density - Greenfield-Central...
Transcript of 1.1 Population density - Greenfield-Central...
The New Wider World Foundation Edition (Second Edition) Teacher’s Resource CD-ROM, © Grant Westoby, Nelson Thornes 2005
pages 4 and 5
1.1 Population density
Northern Canada•Too cold for people•Frozen ground makes settlement
and communications difficult•Poor, thin soil unsuitable for cropsSparsely populated
Europe•Low-lying and gently sloping•Pleasant climate•Good water supply and soil for
farming•Easy communications and many
resources for industryDensely populated
Himalayan mountains•Too cold for people•Steep slopes are bad for settlement
and communications•Poor, thin soil unsuitable for cropsSparsely populated
Amazon rainforest•Too hot and wet for people•Dense forest makes settlement
and communications difficultSparsely populated
Bangladesh•Low-lying and flat•Hot and wet with rich, fertile soil
makes ideal farming conditionsDensely populated
Central Australia•Too hot and dry for people•Too dry and too little soil for
crops to growSparsely populated
1 dot represents100,000 people
On the map, colour the densely populated areas in red, and the sparselypopulated areas in green.
Compare the reasons for dense and sparse population. Complete a copy ofthe table below, which has been started for you.
World population distribution
Places withfew people have a
low population density.They are sparsely
populated.
Vast areas havehardly any people living
in them whilst otherareas seem to be very
crowded.
Places that arecrowded have a
high population density.These places are
densely populated.
Location Reason Sparse population Dense population
Amazon Climate Too hot and wet.rainforest Terrain Dense forest makes
settlement andcommunications difficult.
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The map above shows how unevenly people are spread around the world.
pages 4 and 5
There are reasons why an area has a sparse or dense population. The reasons whyso many people live in densely populated places are called positive factors. Thereare negative factors which have made other places sparsely populated.
These are all factors in population distribution. Shade the positive factors in red, andthe negative factors in green.
Some of these factors are opposites, e.g. ‘Lack of investment’ is a negative factor and‘Money available for investment’ is a positive factor. Find five other pairs of oppositesand complete the table.
1.2 Positive and negative factors
The New Wider World Foundation Edition (Second Edition) Teacher’s Resource CD-ROM, © Grant Westoby, Nelson Thornes 2005
• Pleasant climate • Lack of investment • Industry and jobs • Too hot or too cold
• Too wet or too dry • Poor water supply • Dense forest• Good soil for growing crops
• Good food supply • Little industry and few jobs• Flat or gently sloping land
• Few natural resources • Poor transport links • Steep slopes• Good water supply
• Good roads, railways, ports, etc. • Poor soils for farming• Money available for investment
• Natural resources for industry• Open grassland for animals
Negative factor Positive factor
Lack of investment Money available for investment
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pages 4 and 5
Many different factors affect the way people are spread across the world. Factors such asrelief, climate, vegetation, water supply, raw materials and employment structures can meanareas have a sparse or dense population.
Working with a partner, read the list of features in the box below and say how eachfeature affects population density.
mountain low land very cold very hot dense forest
desert grassland fertile soil very wet no industry
infertile soil very dry coastal no river remote
inland many natural resources transport no transport
gentle slopes few natural resources industry river
high rainfall poor communications warm very steep slopes
The information below lists different types of area around the world and thepercentage of the earth’s surface that each one covers.
� Colour each box on the key with a different colour to represent each area.� Using the appropriate colour, shade the correct number of blocks on the grid to
represent the percentage of the earth’s surface each area covers.� When you have finished, all the blocks should be coloured.
Type of area Earth’s Keysurface
Water 70%
Desert 6%
Too cold 6%
Mountains 5%
Forest 5%
Cannot grow food 5%
Ideal for people 3%
Total 100%
Use all the work you have done on this worksheet to help you complete this sentence:‘People are crowded into small areas of the world because …’
1.3 Physical and human factors
The New Wider World Foundation Edition (Second Edition) Teacher’s Resource CD-ROM, © Grant Westoby, Nelson Thornes 2005
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pages 6 and 7
Place each of the following statements in the most appropriate place on the graph below.
1 Fewer children share a bedroom.
2 There are more golden weddings.
3 Parents begin to think more about family planning.
4 Doug Spade loses his job as a gravedigger.
5 Children are warmer in bed at night as they have many more brothers and sisters.
6 A mother sobs over the grave of the last of her five children who died in a typhoidepidemic.
7 A public health inspector smiles as the building of another new sewer is finished.
8 Grandparents are very rare.
9 Many more houses are being built.
10 People are encouraged to emigrate to the colonies.
Explain why you placed any three statements where you did.
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1.4 Population growth
The New Wider World Foundation Edition (Second Edition) Teacher’s Resource CD-ROM, © Grant Westoby, Nelson Thornes 2005
Extra
Stage
Birth anddeathrates (per1000peopleper year)
40
30
20
10
0
2Early expanding
1High stationary
3Late expanding
4Low stationary
Death rate
Birth rate
Naturalincrease
Total population
pages 8 and 9
The New Wider World Foundation Edition (Second Edition) Teacher’s Resource CD-ROM, © Grant Westoby, Nelson Thornes 2005
The birth rate, death rate and life expectancy all affect the population structure of a country.
Read what people have to say about living in a poor, rural village in India. Colour thesentences about a high birth rate in red and about a short life expectancy in yellow.
Read what people have to say about living in the UK. Colour the sentences about alow birth rate in green and about a long life expectancy in blue.
1.5 Population structures
My father caught cholerafrom dirty water. There was
no hospital near and wecould not afford medicine.
We have many childrenbecause so many die fromdisease; four of my eightchildren died as babies.
The children helpus work on the
land and to carrywood and water.
They will care for uswhen we are too old
or ill to work.
One child might geta job in the city and
send us money.
My religion forbidsbirth control.
Having a big familymakes me important
in the village.
Both my parents diedwhen they were quite
young. My mother diedduring a famine.
Birth control limitsthe size of ourfamily. We only
wanted two children.
We expect thechildren to have a
long life, freefrom disease.
There is enough moneyfor a car, holidays and
entertainment.
We have pensionsfor when we are old.I wanted to return to
my career and notstay at home.
Both my parents arestill alive. They live
near to a doctor andnot far from a
hospital. Their homehas central heating.
They are comfortable.
Why do people in the UK have a longer life expectancy than people living in a poor,rural village in India?
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We have lots ofchildren to continue
the family name.
There is onlyjust enough to eat;
sometimes we have togo without food.
Our home isovercrowded withpoor hygiene and
sanitation.
The National HealthService cares for
everyone.
We live in poverty.
We have enough toeat and a good diet.
We have a goodquality of life.
Having a smallfamily leaves us
more spare money.
Both my parents arestill alive. They live
near to a doctor and notfar from a hospital.
My parents’ homehas central heating.
They are comfortable.
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The world’s population is increasing at a very rapid rate. Growth is very much faster in thepoorer countries than in the richer ones. Population changes in a country depend mainly onthe birth and death rates.
Study the factors that can affect birth and death rates around the diagram below.
Copy and complete the table below by sorting the factors that affect birth and deathrates into the correct columns. Some factors may fit in more than one column.
1.6 Population trends
The New Wider World Foundation Edition (Second Edition) Teacher’s Resource CD-ROM, © Grant Westoby, Nelson Thornes 2005
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Birth rate Death rate
High Low High Low
Explain four of the reasons behind your answers.Extra
Improvedwater supply
Less smoking andalcohol consumption
Safer workingconditions
Poor hygieneand starvation
Overcrowding
Lack ofclean water
EducationLater
marriagesFood shortagesand starvation
Innoculationsand vaccinations
Diseases
Goodharvest
Newhospitals
Poorhealth care
Less pollutingenvironment
War
Poverty
Birth controlavailable
Traditions forlarger families
Familyplanning
Children neededto help with work
Better diets
pages 12 and 13
China’s population is very unevenly distributed. It has a low birth rate and an ageingpopulation.
Read what people say about the Chinese government’s ‘one child per family’ policy.
Working with a partner, colour the statements for population control in red andagainst population control in green.
In your opinion was the Chinese government right to introduce its ‘one child perfamily’ policy?
How would you feel if the British government adopted the same ‘one child perfamily’ policy?
1.7 Changing population structures
The New Wider World Foundation Edition (Second Edition) Teacher’s Resource CD-ROM, © Grant Westoby, Nelson Thornes 2005
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Extra
Without the ‘one child per family’policy, China’s population would be much higher than it is now.
Families with only one child enjoy a higher standard of living.
Couples may have no one to care for them when they get older.
With few retirement homes the government expects families to look after their own elderly relatives.
The ‘one child per family’ policy has introduced a new problem to China – the spoilt, overweight ‘little emperors’.
Rich farmers are able and willing to pay fines or bribes to get permission
to have more children.
The quality of education will suffer if there are too
many children.
Couples living in the countryside want large families to help with work in the fields and to look
after them in old age.
Countryside couples prefer boys to girls and some are willing to
kill their daughters to make sure their one child is a boy.
Men will have difficulty later finding partners because of the shortage of
women.
We get a pension because we only have
one child.
Poor families have ignored the ‘one child per family’ policy because
they have nothing to lose.
The government pays for our child’s schooling. If we had more,
we would have to pay.
We have good health care. Our child will live
to grow up.
The government gives us money because we only have
one child.
If two only-children get married they are allowed to have two
children of their own.
There are 300 million fewer Chinese people than there would have been without the ‘one child per family’ policy.
In some Chinese communities, girls go to live with their husband’s
family when they get married. If the girl were an only child, this would leave her parents with no one to look after them in their old age.